To Nebraska in '57 - Pages 22-44



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   Tuesday 31 -- Got up feeling much better than I could have expected, 
put on my pants which were about half dry, a clean pair of Sock and a pair 
of new boots which I bought at St. Louis, Stowing My muddy boots into My 
satchel. It had Seased raining but was cold and foggy, very much such a 
morning as the one I first saw here last fall. After breakfast took the 
omnibus and reached Omaha about 10 o'clock. To my great regret found Mr. 
Tuttle had gone east he left a letter for me however which was some 
consolation After spending half hour at the Bank where I met a number of 
the Saratoga men I went down to Mr. Rogers to see Br. Cook. I will not say 
we were glad to see each other. We were overjoyed. Cook felt bad when he 
learned I had Not caled to Flint  he had rather have paid My extra 
expences than not to have me have gone there. Took dinner where Cook 
boards and decided to stop there until Sunday night. We must then both 
seek a new place. The cheapest board I can hear of is five dollars for day 
boarders and eight dollars where one lodges. The Family where Mr Cook 
boards consists of the man and wife with nine children the oldest is a Son 
Married whose wife also lives in the same family, they also have five day 
boarders and they only occupy one room, without a closet pantry or any out 
house and live up stairs. A curtain divides the room in the center one 
side is the dining room the other has a bed cook stove and all kitchen 
furniture. At night the beds are spread over the floor for the family and 
in the morning piled up in a corner. Such is Cook's boarding house without 
the least exageration. 

   After dinner called on my old acquaintance. At the Bank Met Dr. Kellum 
Brother of the young man I saw at Auban and later at Leavenworth as I came 
up. Dr Kellem's is the place I called one evening with Mr & Mrs Tuttle 
last fall they were then building a brick house over their heads  I 
accepted an invitation to tea very gladly. Was much pleased with Mrs 
Kellum and her daughter one year younger than Sophia. They live in eastern 
style and comfortable. They had invited another one of the dignitary to 
supper who had lately arrived. It was Gov. Richardson of Mich. We had a 
pleasant time and a good supper after which I returned to the store where 
I occupied the bunk of one of the workmen who was out on the prarie 
proveing up his claim. Slept good all Night

   Wednesday, April 1. -- Feel the worse for wear, the excitement Kept me 
up yesterday, today I am lame and sore, and feel the effects of my 
journey, particularly the last Six Miles, spent most of the day dozing 
over the stove in Cooks workshop trying to get rested. Met Mr. Warner to 
day

   Thursday 2. -- Not fully rested. Walked about the town and up on the 
bluffs with Mr. Warner. business has not yet fully commenced here for the 
want of lumber from up the river which is daily expected

   This afternoon spent a season with Secretary Brown and others of the 
Saratoga Co. was posted up on their future proceedings. A hotel to be 
called the Trinity House and commenced last fall is to be completed by the 
first of June. This belongs to the Saratoga Company and is paid for. A 
Hotel Company has been organised to put up a Most Magnificent hotel 
comprising an

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entire block and to cost $100,000  The plans were got up in Philadelphia. 
The contract for the stone work and foundation is let and will be 
commenced in a few days. the hotel is to be Completed in one year There is 
to be 200 buildings put up in Saratoga this summer Most of them are under 
Contract and only wafting for lumber to commence. I reported Myself ready 
to take hold Next Monday. I am to make out a scedule for the drawing of 
the lots. There is to be 15 lots to each Share drawn on the 17'  I have 
become Somewhat animated today which has driven away the blues 

   Friday 3d. -- A pleasant and warm day. Walked up to the "Trinity House" 
and over part of the Saratoga Town plot. The more I see of it the better I 
like it. It is delightful! charming!! and by far a pleasanter location 
than Omaha. The Company donate 256 lots to churches schools and 
individuals who will build before July first  I am in for one. Have 
completely recovered from my fatigue of the journey.

   Saturday Evening 4th. -- I have been to tea and am seated in Cooks work 
shop where I have spent every evening since I arrived in this place. This 
is the night of all others when my mind flies back to my own fireside. In 
immagination I see you all seated around a warm fire in a comfortable 
room. Irwin and Sophia wondring where father is tonight. They may sing 
with truth, "My father's on the wild prarie," for it is a wild night, not 
cold but the wind blows a hurricane and shakes this frail cottonwood 
building, creeping in to every crevice rattling my paper as I write. How I 
wish I could form one of the groop this evening that cannot be so I will 
banish the Thought

   The day has been a windy one. have Kept in doors most of the time 
talked a good deal about Saratoga projects it is the theme now. What I 
shall make out of it is yet to be ascertained. I am not sorry yet that I 
have come out here. What another week will bring forth we cannot tell 
except we will have one the less to live

   One thing I forgot to Mention in its proper place  When I left home I 
had between ninety and one hundred dollars. I arrived here the 31st ult 
with but nine dollars, and my trunk to be paid for bringing from St. 
Josephs to this point. I believe I can travel as economicus as any one but 
this trip has taken the money off fast I hope it will come back as rapidly 
and more easy

   We learn by Mail to day of the appointment of a Robert J. Walker of 
Mississipi Governor of Kansas. I fear it will cause more trouble. My 40th 
page is full I will bid you good night.

E. F. Beadle

Omaha City April 5, 1857

   Dear Wife and Children

   It is Sunday and a very cold one. the wind has been blowing from the 
north since yesterday morning, and today we can only Keep Comfortable by 
getting close to the hot Stove. I shall not venture out to church today.

   Tomorrow morning will be four weeks since I left home. Fifteen hundred 
miles over mountains, praries, rivers and Lakes intervenes between us, 
seperating as as widely as would the ocean The weeks will undoubtedly be  

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lengthened into as many months before we meet again this is truly an 
unnatural way for a man of a family to live, but deeming it for the best 
we must try and be content  Letter writing is the only means by which we 
can communicate with each other. As yet I have not heard a word direct 
from home and expect it will be another week still before I get a letter. 
After that I hope to receive one every week. Cook gets one regular as the 
weeks come and I think where there is two or three to write you can write 
as often as Elizabeth does. You must bear in mind that a letter from ones 
home when far away, is much more welcome than a letter can be from the 
absent one, when you are surrounded by warm friends and relatives and all 
the comforts of life 

   I left orders at the Barnum House St. Louis to have any letters that 
should come for me to be forwarded to this place

   You have, enclosed, the balance of my diary up to the date of this. I 
shall continue it for the present at least and mail once a week. Until the 
roads get more settled I shall send my letters by the boats to St Louis as 
it now takes ten days for the mails to cross the state by Coach.

   It is impossible for me to form any correct estimate of what My 
prospects will be here this Summer. I shall know better when Mr. Tuttle 
returns from the east. I think however that I shall do well judging from 
present prospects  Mr. Brown was over anxious for me to go to Lawrence 
with him offered me one thousand per year and if that was not enough he 
would give me twelve hundred. I could not accept even if I desired it.

   Rents here are enormously high, houses of one room fifteen feet square 
rent at $25. per month  provisions are in the same proportion. Wood $6 per 
cord. Dry goods and apples are quite reasonable the latter are as cheap as 
in the city of New York $6. per barrell. Unless more farmers Come in 
provisions will keep up for a number of years yet. I do not deem it 
advisable to think of moving my family to this place until buildings are 
more pleanty  Many famlies live in houses no larger or better than our 
wood house Such a house as we lived in at Cold Springs before we built 
would rent for $30. per month. This would seem discouraging to emigration 
but wages are in proportion. I believe if there was five hundred dwellings 
now ready for tenants they would be filled by the first of June. When I 
left St. Josephs there were some fifty families awaiting a boat for this 
place  When they come I know not what they will do as there is not a 
vacant house in town and the hotels are full. Boats are daily expected 
with lumber which will be speedily put into dwellings.

   I hope and trust you are comfortable so far as the necessities of life 
go necessities in Buffalo are luxuries in Omaha I wish Some one would buy 
the house in Buffalo as I cannot say how I shall be prepared to meet the 
payments As it respects your going East this summer you must do as you 
think best. But try and keep the children to school for should they come 
to this place they will not have the advantages they do at Buffalo.

   Irwin  How do you get along with your school and doing the work of 
splitting wood, and going of errends now father is away. I presume your 
are the best boy now you ever was. I have been looking at a Mustang Pony 
which I think some of buying for you if you Come out here this fall. Then 
you can

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take Sophia out a riding on the prarie in a little buggy or go a horse 
back ride with her. You be a good boy and get your lessons well and when 
you come to Omaha you shall have a horse. 

   Sophia  I have not received one of those letters you were going to 
write me., I presume however you have written but the letters have not 
arrived. I shall look for a letter every week after they commence coming  
I wish you could step in and see what a bed and room pa has to sleep in. I 
am to have a new boarding place tomorrow where I shall lodge and perhaps 
faar better. You must be good and kind to your mother brothers and aunt 
Sarah and learn fast at school and how to do housework at home, for when 
you come to Omaha you and Mother will have to do all the work  Give my 
Love to Aunt Sarah and Charlott.

   Mate Cook says he shall not move his family here unless I do, as there 
is no womans help to be had and should Lib be sick she must suffer. When 
help can be got it is one dollar per day. Washing is ten cents a piece 
When one comes both must You can then help each other. One of the boys in 
the family where I board does the washing. There is Eight boys and one 
girl in the family

   My health is usually good. The first night on the steamboat on the Mo. 
I took cold since which time I have been troubled with a cough. Nothing 
alarming however although unpleasant. I think it is getting better

   I think I have written enough for this time  Kiss the children for me 
and remember me to My friends and relatives

Affectionately   

E. F. Beadle.

   Monday 6. -- The wind went down with the sun last Night but it had 
blowed from the north long enough to bring down the arctic region weather 
and water in our basin two inches deep froze solid. This is Omaha the 6th 
of April

   The River continueing to rise prevents communication from the Iowa side 
and we have no mails from the East today. My cold has settled on my lungs. 
My chest is very sore and I have a severe pain in my back between my 
shoulders. If I was home I should be down sick.

   In looking up a new boarding place I have been very fortunate, through 
the intersessions of Mr. Warner, in getting in at Mr Estabrook's the 
Attorney General of the territory. I could not have got a better place in 
the territory. They have no boarders except Mr Warner and myself. The 
Family consists of Mrs Estabrook's Father and three other Male relatives 
of the family two children a girl Eleven and a boy two years of age. Mr 
Estabrook is in Wisconsin on business  The three male relatives are going 
out on their claim in a few days when I shall have a chance to sleep at 
the house where I can doctor up. Mr. E has horses Cows and poltry and we 
live first rate "real human." Augusta Estabrook is a very good substitut 
for Sophia as she is a Singer and plays on the guitar

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   The wind has changed to the south and the weather is fast moderating 
and tonight Spring again 

   Tuesday 7. -- The Big Muddy is Mad and gone out of its banks, has not 
been so high in twenty years. It is said that teams cannot cross on 
account of the bottoms being overflowed between Sioux City Iowa and St 
Joseph Mo a distance by the river of 500 miles. We can get no mails from 
the east. This morning was very mild. At breakfast Augusta was trying to 
get some of the men to go for a horseback ride with her, but they were 
going away on business and I offered to go  the Pony was got out and one 
of the horses but the rain setting in prevented. Went to the shop and up 
to Florence, Six miles, in a covered buggy with Mr. Cook to contract for 
coal. I thought I would try going out. But it rained all the way and the 
wind blew strong from the north west, so that when I got back my cold was 
not much better. Took some medicine at noon. Spent the afternoon with 
Saratoga Co. After tea the baby danced while the little girl played on the 
guitar and the grandfather on the violin. The apples were then passed 
around after which I came up to the shop and wrote the above. The boarding 
place I now have makes me forget I am on the borders of sivilization. My 
back pains me dreadfully tonight.

   Wednesday 8. -- It is evening, the weather has moderated, and it is 
delightful out of doors after such a cold wind as we have had. The Moon is 
in its full and the river bottoms which are not overflowed are dotted with 
prarie fires. Many people are out enjoying the evening. Notwithstanding 
the winds here, we have weather that cannot be approached by New York 
where I have lived. I am becoming More and More attached to the place and 
trust it will be my future home, and If I had a house I should wish my 
family was here today

   Feel the most like myself today of any day since I have been here  My 
lameness has mostly left me the cough however still hangs on. We have had 
three mails from the east since last night, they were brought over in a 
skiff. I got no letters. Cook did. I have been working with Mr Warner a 
little to day helping him build a fence around one of his lots. he is to 
help me in return. The River is Still rising

   Mrs. Estabrook gave me some interesting details of her pioneer life 
when they first came to the Territory. They lived in what they now use as 
a barn, (it is not fit for horses) it is very low, and at the time the 
family occupied it, its only roof was made by puting a few small polls 
lengthwise and covering them with prarie grass, had no boards on the floor 
but covered the ground with hay and spread down a rag carpet and put in 
such furniture as they could procure, the house being on descending ground 
when it rained the water would run through the hay under the carpet and 
pass out on the other side. One night during a thunder storm a hole broke 
through the hay rooffing, the rain poard in faster than it would run out 
and they were forsed to use a wash tub most of the night, carrying it out 
as often as it filled which was every few minutes. This was the way our 
Attourny general lived when he first came here. How would Mrs. Beadle like 
this mode of living

   Thursday 9. -- A pleasant morning. took a horseback ride immediately 
after breakfast. Little Augusta Manages her pony like a skillful rider as 
she

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is. She is the smallest girl I ever saw ride a horseback she will dash up 
bluffs and down ravines and over prarie as fast as I have wished to ride, 
and I am not sure but she would be a better guardian for me than I for 
her. When she was but three years old her father would ride out with her 
tying her to her horse so she would not fall and then gallop off at full 
speed. She will lend her pony to my pet as she calls Sophia 

   Worked on the fence with Mr Warner part of the day and devoted some 
time to the Saratoga enterprise. The river continues to rise. No boat up. 
I got a paper this afternoon from some one in Buffalo. The paper was the 
daily Republic of March 16th on the wrapper was (Kirby) I can not think 
who sent it as I can call to mind no one of my acquaintance by that name. 
Whoever he may be I hold myself under obligations to him. The paper looked 
like an old friend, and I read it adv. and all. I miss a daily after tea 
very much. We shall soon have one here a Mr Wyman our present P. M. has 
gone east for the type and press.

   My lameness and cold has settled in the glands of my throat since 
morning and I can hardly swallow. I shall doctor up tonight, as I commence 
to lodge at my boarding house. Mr. Warner was just as I am soon after he 
came here

   There is a meeting of land agents called this evening to fix a tarrif 
of prices If my throat is not too bad I shall surely attend

   Friday, 10.  Attended the meeting last evening. We organized a Stock 
board.  became acquainted with many new business men, and have spent the 
most of this day talking up the business of last evening and arranging for 
a permanent organization for our individual benifit and the benifit of 
eastern Capitalist who are becoming imposed upon by false representations

   The Pawnee Indians are camped near here. The old men women and 
children. The strong and healthy are out on a Buffalo hunt. Those 
remaining here hang about the houses begging their living, stealing cats, 
dogs, and the refuse of the slaughter houses. Some one trying what he 
could do with his revolver shot a fine dog about a week ago. today the 
indians found it, and although it had commenced putrifying, they squat 
down skined it and carried it off to cook. Such is about the best food the 
filthy Pawnees get while the hunters are away

   River still rising. Weather mild and pleasant this evening. My throat 
is well, and the only lameness I have is probably occasioned by my not 
being used to horse back riding, and the horse I had was a hard rider.  
owing to the rise in the river and prevailing north Winds no boats have 
got up yet. The river rising makes the current more rapid

   Saturday 11.  A cold north wind blowing again. A Man from Fremont a 
town west of the Elkhorn came here for provisions and in crossing the 
Elkhorn on his return which was on a rise, was drowned. The Elkhorn and 
Platt are both impossible at this time, with wagons.

   Great Excitement on the frontier!  Attack upon the settlers by the 
Pawnees!! A Pawnee shot!!! -- Mr. John Davis, justice of the peace at Salt 
creek Lancaster Co. N. T. arrived here this Morning about 10 o'clock 
calling upon The Governor for Melitia to assist in exterminating the 
Pawnees. Mr.

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Davis reports that depridations have been frequent during this fall, 
winter and present Spring, untill they have lost their oxen horses cattle 
and in fact every thing the Indians could drive or run off. On Tuesday a 
number of Pawnees came to Salt creek, painted and in war costume, 
demanding the lands and pay for the deer and woolves the whites had killed 
or they would kill and scalp them, that they had taken the fort and 
scalped the people, that there was a party of one hundred and fifty 
Pawnees in the rear which would soon be up. The present party continued in 
the vicinity all night hooting and yelping. About daylight they approached 
the house of Mr. Davis with threatening signs, one of the Pawnees raised 
his gun apparently in the act of shooting but was not quick enough as a 
ball from Mr. Davis gun killed him on the spot. The balance fled. Mr Davis 
fearing a further attack burried the dead Indian and started with his 
family towards Plattsmouth which is on the same side of the Platt River at 
Salt Creek. Before reaching Plattsmouth, he was met by a party of six men 
and their families going to Salt Creek. Mr. Davis give up his gun to them 
and left his wife in their charge, himself continuing on to Plattsmout 
where he was taken across the Platt in a skiff. At Bellview he got a man 
to bring him here. He had in his company another aggrevved individual who 
had been a great looser by the Pawnees 

   The Governor did not feel like calling on the Malitia and rushing upon 
the Pawnees until he knew more of the affair. He however despatched 
General Thayer to the vicinity of Salt creek, with orders if necessary to 
call on the Militia of that Lancaster County. This was not wholly 
satisfactory to Mr Davis who wanted to raise a company of volinteers and 
exterminate the whole race of Pawnees. In this he had the sympathy of a 
cerntain officer of this Territory who has just resigned at Washington 
with a view of being elected to Congress. His object is probably to get 
the Squatters vote. The said official resides at Bellview and took Mr 
Davis and friend in his Carriage to Bellview ready to head a party of 
volunteers.

   The Governor said he did not believe an indian could be found in fifty 
miles of Salt Creek when they got there, but they probably would be 
revenged some day on Mr Davis. The Gov. further said the Indian agent was 
expected every hour and would go out at once and if he found it necessary 
he was the proper person to call on him, the Governor, and then the U. S. 
Government would pay the expences. I had an invetation to go with General 
Thayer, but the ex Indian agent wished to go and I was obliged to give 
way. I had got all ready as Gen Thayer was very anxious to have me go 
along. The Gen is I understand, another candidate for the same office as 
the other gentleman.

   This afternoon I received a letter from Mr. McKim under date of March 
26th  Seventeen days after I left Buffalo, still I get none from my own 
family. Did they wait seventeen days and not write tome? I am becoming 
very anxious about a letter from home. Could I get one tonight it would 
have been a great consolation as it is Saturday night when I think most of 
being home

   Sunday 12 -- The Steamer Silver heels came in during last night, 
bringing about 250 passenges  What is to be done with them I cannot tell 
the boat

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brought no lumber or houses could be built in quick time. Mrs. Smith, the 
lady whose husband was left at Jef. City and who we left at Leavenworth 
over two weeks ago came up on the Silver heels, Mrs. Estabrook took them 
in giving them breakfast and dinner by that time they found two rooms for 
rent for $25. per Month  they have gone into them to make the best of it 
possible  Every family here has to be as accommodating as possible or the 
people would suffer.  I cannot conceive where they all find shelter in 
Kansas. Troubles are anticepated in Kansas. 

   Through the Kindness of Mr. Smith who saw my trunk at the storehouse in 
St. Josephs. I received it by this boat I have been aranging the contents. 
One of the new shirts I brought with me has been returned from the washer 
womans with a spot of iron rust on the bosom as large as the bowl of a 
tablespoon, quite an ornament

   This afternoon the wind is blowing again the way you never saw it blow 
down Niagara St.

   I have an opportunity to send this by a Daughter of Mr Goodwills who is 
going to Batavia to Spend the Summer at school, or By a Col. Parker of the 
city of N. york. Shall go up and if not to late it will go by St Louis on 
the boat otherwise I will mail it

   The water in the river is between 16 and 17 feet above low water mark, 
between the Steamboat landing and the town there is a space 500 feet wide 
where in this strip of water the passengers must be taken across in a 
skiff at Saratoga the landing is dry. The Steamer is to return tonight if 
the wind is not to high. Am about well again

Again Good by       
E. F. Beadle   

   Monday, 13  Watter going down in the river faster than it came up. Cold 
north winds continue but not blowing a gale. After dinner went up to 
Saratoga to show the gift lots to some strangers who wish to build. While 
on the platteau and revolving in my mind what would be the best part of 
the town I conceived a project, I believe will put money in my purse.

   Returning to Omaha I learned a large eastern mail had been received, 
and went direct to the Post office found nothing in my box. Went to Cook's 
and there I found

   A Letter from Home -- Yes a letter from my own fireside  No one can 
fully estimate the value of such a letter unless they have been in a like 
situation. Five weeks and a day had passed during which time we have 
travailed by all possible modes of conveyance night and day, been in eight 
different states and two territories mingled with all sorts of people from 
the frozen North to the Sunny South, until the distance that seperated me 
from my family seemed almost like that around the globe. At last however, 
after a tedious Journy over land, across river, lakes, streams, prarie and 
mountains my revered Uncle "Sam" opened his mail bags and dealt out to me 
a little parcel, which though very small bore an impress of home and 
produced a powerful effect

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like the doses dealt out by the hoemaopothists  A mingled sensation of joy 
and fear possessed me, were they all well  if not well were they all 
living, had disease or death been there? There had been time for sad 
changes. 

   I took the letter unopened. and went down to my boarding house Mrs. 
Estabrook knew I had a letter as soon as she saw me. threw down the letter 
on the table went down in the basement washed my face and hands and 
brushed my clothes, then went up into the sitting room and carefully 
opened the letter. there was a letter enclosed from each one. Those little 
fingers of my children had been busy in adding to the joy of there father 
who was far away. Now which one shall I read first. Cant read them all at 
a time, so I decided to take them in the order of the ages of the writers. 
I read each one a number of times which answered for my supper that night. 
My mind was so full of the thoughts brought up by the receipt of the 
letter I slept but little althoug all were well at home.

   Tuesday, 14. --A steamer came in last evening. she is from Pittsburgh 
Pa. loaded with merchandize and furnature mostly the latter among which is 
some very nice better than has been in market heretofore. The boat is the 
Spread Eagle twenty-five days from Pittsburgh. She had on 40,000 feet 
dressed lumber for this place. Was told at some port below they could do 
better to sell it there which they did very much to their loss and our 
regret

   Figuring some on my new project it will work well  A Company of forty 
came in this morning from across Iowa going to locate in Saratoga and work 
at gardening this summer that will pay

   They have commenced to break ground today for a new hotel here to be 
called the Park house. The citizens have voted to sell their park to 
complete the Capitol building which was not appropriated for by the last 
Congress. Saratoga agrees to pay one fourth necessary to complete it. The 
building will be completed this summer at all events by the City itself.

   Wednesday 15 -- Staked out a building lot in Saratoga, and selected a 
lot of shade trees and wild goosbury bushes on the bluff of the table land 
to set out in my lot as soon as it is fenced

   The Steamer "White Cloud" arrived here about seven o'clock this evening 
with 150 passengers and a good supply of provisions. Shingles, doors, and 
window sash, but no lumber as yet. Among the passengers I found two old 
acquaintances, one I traveled with last fall the other was the gentleman 
of whom I bought the large map we have of "our Country" His brother is the 
baptist minester of this place

   When the boat arrived it seemed onehalf of the inhabitants were at the 
landing. When the plank was put out they rushed on in such a body it was 
some minutes before the passengers could get off. Then such a peeping into 
each others faces to recognise some expected friend. The vicinity of the 
ladies cabin was one perfect jam of men eagerly peeping over the heads of 
more forward ones or crowding through to get a sight at some dozen ladies 
who were as eager to single out, their husband, brother, or friend. I 
mixed in but no one I knew was there. I was not however as disappointed as 
some hundred others must have been

Page 31

   Not as windy today or as cold but it froze hard last night it has been 
cold over a week we hope for a change 

   Thursday 16  A delightful day and no wind have spent the day in showing 
up strangers been up to Saratoga every on goes off in ecstases about the 
location can sell lots as soon as they are divided. The Steamer Emigrant 
came in about five this afternoon about seventy-five passengers and a 
supply of lumber.

   Clouded up at dark to rain as it was warm but the rain came down in 
Snow. Went up to the Post office at eight o'clock the ground was white 
with snow but warm air. Got a letter from Brother Frank  Went to bed as 
tired as I want to be had the nightmare and was nearvous all night  this 
was an awful one to Me.

   Friday 17 -- Two inches of snow this morning, with a prospect of 
clearing off. Prospects however have deceived us and it has snowed 
steadily all day, driving from the Northeast there is probably a foot of 
snow on a level, and still it is coming down as fast as ever. I never 
recollect but one such time that was at Cooperstown many years ago. The 
snow then fell three feet. The storm does not discourage me with making 
Nebraska my home. "Where there is a will there is a way." I also 
understand this cold weather we have had has prevailed south and east

   The Steamer "Minnehaha" came in this afternoon with another hundred 
passengers and more lumber. We are now having a boat daily. Where the 
passengers all get a chance to stand up, even, under cover, I cannot 
conceive, I ventured up town this afternoon and could see two or three to 
each door asking for board. I cannot too much appritiate my boarding 
place. -- Good Night

   Saturday, 18 of April 1857 -- This is a most delightful January 
morning. The Sun shines clear and bright and the snow sparcles and crisps 
under foot like mid winter  Last evening about dark Cook came down and 
told me General Thayer wished to see me about going to Plattsmouth with 
him. The General had been notified of further outrages by the Pawnees. 
Some whites were out looking for the stock they had left previous when 
they were attacked by the Pawnees, with whom they had a brush.  one white 
man and two indians were killed and three indians taken prisoners.  the 
whites then retreated to Weaping Water where there is a few squatters 
cabins. Here at last accounts they were surrounded by the Pawnees

   Not finding the General at his house or office I went down to the 
Minnehaha where he had engaged passage and awaited his arrival. We then 
put on board five boxes of U. S. Muskets one Sixpounder and a supply of 
ammunition. The General was to take no one with him but wished me to go 
along (by the way Mr Brown introduced me here as Doctor Beadle I am 
accordingly called Dr by most of the people)  The Dr. agreed to go the 
boat was to leave this morning at daylight. Gen. Thayer was to be on board 
the boat at daylight. I thought of going on the same evening, but getting 
somewhat wet being out so long in the snow and my throat sore I took some 
ginger tea and doctored up to take an early start this morning got up at 
daylight but could not see the boat so I went back to bed disappointed. 
When I got up an hour after the boat

Page 32

was just leaving I felt crest-fallen My ambition for glory fell below 
Zero. I anticepated great sport in organizing a company at plattsmouth and 
going out to Weaping Water. Not that I expected we should be called upon 
to fire again, for in this case I should prefer to be away, particular 
when there was no one to engage with but the poor miserable Pawnees  There 
would have been however a novelty in the enterprize and perhaps I might 
have been promoted 

   Claim jumpers are being brought up daily  Most of them forego their 
claimed right on the decision of the Club who give them a fair and 
impartial trial. occasionally however one is found who is stuborn and will 
not at once yeald.  one of this class was tried last evening and this 
morning but would not abide by the decision of the club which was for him 
to yield his claim and withdraw his filling. The captain of "the 
regulators" is our Mayor a man six and a half feet high and well 
proportioned he took the claim jumper by the collar escorted him down into 
the street, and with a dozen or fifteen men with loaded muskets they 
started for the "big Muddy." In general the prisoner comes to terms. What 
was the result in this case I cannot say. The party returned without the 
prisoner and no questions asked. There is no law here except club laws and 
vigilance committee to enforce them. A man gets a fair hearing and justice 
done him but it is quick done and no heavy expence saddled on the County. 
I am not sure but in most cases this is the best plan all are agreed and a 
man knows what to depend upon. I think I will be quiet and peacible.

   No mail east of Iowa today. Mr Warner Mrs. Estabrook and myself were 
expecting letters. We were however all alike disappointed and could 
sympathise with each other. Mrs. Estabrooks disappointment resulted in the 
return of her husband which she was not expecting for one or two weeks. Mr 
E reported the roads in a fine state across Iowa. Which makes Mr Warner 
and Myself wonder the more that we do not get more letters

   This day has been as warm a one as any we have had since I have been 
here this Spring and has melted the snow rapidly. The Steamer "Florence" 
came in this evening discharged her freight for this place and passed up 
to Florence.

   Sunday 19 -- Soon after breakfast the Steamer "Omaha" came in bound for 
'Sioux City. Mr. Estabrook and Myself went down to the boat which was 
loaded as full as she could hold. Among the freight which has been 
discharged within the past few days we found large quantities of 
provisions, Lumber and fruit trees.  business will now fairly commence and 
in one year the yards will be ornamented with shrubbery and fruit trees 
giving every thing an Eastern air

   This has been a delightful day and one half of the ground is bare again 
I begin to be uneasy for some regular business The drawing of the lots in 
Saratoga which was to have taken place the 17th has been adjourned two 
weeks awaiting the return of Mr Tuttle. A meeting of the board is to be 
held Wednesday the 22d when I am to submit a written proposition to them 
for their action. I do so at their request I cannot say whether it will be 
accepted or

Page 33

not. If it is it will be money in the pockets of Saratoga owners, and I 
believe a small pile in my own. 

   The claim jumper that was taken off yesterday held out until they threw 
him into the river three times. They attached a rope to him threw him into 
the "big Muddy" then pulled him out if he was not then ready to forego his 
claim they would Souse him in again, repeating the dose until he came to 
terms, which was not until he had been in the third time.

   The Steamer Florence stoped at Saratoga, discharged some freight and 
one passenger. This is the first boat that ever stoped at Saratoga and Dr. 
J. Seymor the first passenger ever landed. The freight was some brick 
machines and six carriages for Wm. Young Brown. This is the commencement 
of commercial business in Saratoga

E. F. Beadle

   Monday 20, April 1856 -- A raw disagreeable day remained in doors 
speculating on the contents of a letter which I expected at twelve noon. 
did not get the letter felt a little out of sorts. Mr Estabrook suggested 
that I hint to my wife that divorces are very easily obtained in this 
country and perhaps' she would be more prompt. Fearing she would not write 
at all if I should, I refrain from mentioning the matter at all

   Tuesday, 21 -- Assisted Mr Estabrook this forenoon in copying some 
legal papers. The snow has disappeared. The Steamer "Col. Crossman" 
arrived and departed today

   Wednesday, 22 -- Presented my proposition, in writing, to the Sulphur 
Spring Land Co. Took a stroll down at the South part of Omaha among the 
hazle brush and prarie cane passed thru occupied Pawnee tents two Pawnee 
boys came out half naked and wanted I should give them five cents to shoot 
at a mark. On the side of a bank I found where a mud hut of the Pawnees 
had been during the winter. The ground in the vicinity was strewed with 
bones of animals of various size including skulls of cats, dogs, deers, 
horses and cattle. The vicinity resembled the entrance to a wolfs den more 
than that of a human habitation.

   I sat down by the side of a lake formed by the high water of the 
Missouri, and remained motionless for a half hour. The wild ducks came up 
within ten feet of me and fed along the bank. there were some beautiful 
ones if I had had a good shot gun I could have killed a fine lot of them. 
or even with my revolver had it been with me I could have killed some they 
came so close to me.

   Thursday, 23 -- Two Steamers came in this morning at daylight, "The 
Edinburg" and "Admiral." I went down before breakfast. both boats were 
well loaded with passengers and lumber. The latter is very much wanted 
here as the little that has come has been mostly used even at $100. per 
thousand which is the price asked for lumber at this time the same lumber 
can be bought in Buffalo at $16 per thousand

   Having written this much immediately after breakfast I was called upon 
by a carpenter from Centralia Ill. whom I induced while there to come 
here. He has two other carpenters and his brother with him they have 
brought their

Page 34

household furnature and are going to select a gift Lot in Saratoga pitch 
their tent and go to work. Imediately after dinner I shall go up with them 
to select their lot 

   They brought a present for me from Harriet it was a small paper box 
about eight or ten inches square in which was a fruit cake a piece of 
sponge cake a lemon and some nuts, with a line requesting me to dived with 
Cook  You see I am remembered by some one

   Today's mail brings me a letter from Mr. Adams, from which I learn all 
are well at home I would like the information to come from home itself. 
The letter was dated April 10th  It contained intelligence of the final 
result of Thomas & Lathrops failure. Notwithstanding all they done 
towards, I feel sorry for them  Misery you know loves company. I am glad 
to learn that Irwin and Frank are in Auburn

   The weather has become pleasant and business is on the move and our 
town filled with Strangers. Cooperstown is well represented one store here 
has four clerks from C. two of the number is J. Collins and Parley Johnson 
during the arrivals of the last week Joseph McNeal and Wm. Pitcher came to 
town to work at gardening, Mr Tuttle sent them on

   Evening  Went up immediately after dinner with My Centralia friends and 
staked out a lot in Saratoga. They at once despatched a team for their 
effect they had two waggon loads, they were to arrange their boxes in the 
form of a hollow square put up their stove cook their first meal in the 
territory, and sleep the first night under their tent tomorrow they will 
have up a temporary cabin covered with cloth. This is the correct way to 
do instead of paying six dollars per week for board and they will fare 
about as well as to board their Company consists of four one person is 
only fourteen years of age and he is to be their Cook. The weather is fine 
and they will have great times. They have a violin and base viol with them 
to make evening music I have an invitation to dine with them on wild duck 
as soon as they shoot one. Their location is lot ten in block 266 near the 
Trinity house which I find is beginning to look up some I noticed seven 
commencements of new buildings since I was last up to Saratoga  What a 
change there will be in the next two months

   Returning to Mr. Estabrooks at 5 o'clock I found the horses ready for 
my second horseback ride with Augusta and we had a pleasant ride for an 
hour before tea

   While I am writing in my room Mr. Estabrook and his family are in the 
sitting room making fine music Mr. E. is playing the violin and singing 
base  Mrs E. and the little girl are singing other parts and they fill the 
house with music

   This day I go into the streets where I am at home and acquainted and I 
feel like a stranger there are so many strange faces here, and this 
evening the streets are filled with the elite of Omaha. I could not 
believe there was so many moving bundles of dry goods in town. The silks 
and satins are fluttering on Farnnham Street equal to our No!  Your Main 
st. Buffalo ain't no where when Compared to Omaha or Saratoga. We are a 
fast people here, last fall when I was here there was not a piano in town, 
now there is over a dozen.

Page 35

   There has been a few Omaha Indians in town today they are splendid 
looking fellows, finely and gaudily dressed in all the trappings of the 
proudest red men. I would attempt a description but have not time to night 
as it is bed time will do so hereafter. The Omahas are a great contrast to 
the filthy Pawnees who go half naked. I could look a half day on the noble 
Omahas 

   Friday noon 24th -- Took a horse back ride up to Saratoga to give 
directions about buildings, found my friends had got a load of lumber and 
commenced their house had a fine time the past night, had a carpet spread 
on the prarie and every thing comfortable the cabin formed by boxes was 
not high enough to stand up in the stove was outside. Continued my ride up 
to Florence

   SATURDAY 25 -- Another Sad Chapter in My diary.  Among the passengers 
that came up the river when I did was a Mr Baker his wife son and daughter 
from Western New York. Mr Bakar came here in the winter and made 
arrangements to establish a nursery got 300,000 trees and grafts at 
Rochester and started early with his famly for Omaha. His son was eleven 
years of age and his daughter seven. The little girl on the boat was taken 
down with the Whooping Cough and the first day was quite sick with a high 
fever.  after that was well except her Cough which was severe. At St. 
Joseph Mr Bakers family was among the number that were obliged to wait for 
another boat to go up to Omaha  They came up on the steamer "Silver heels" 
on Sunday the 12 the same time Mr and Mrs Smith, which I have written 
about, came up. The little girl was around the cabin but one Eye was red 
as blood from Coughing which had strained her Eyes very much. The boy had 
been taken with the hay fever and was confined to his bed. They were 
acquaintance of Mr Goodwill of this place, who took them in charge. From 
time to time I learned both the children were quite sick. Yesterday I had 
started to go up to Saratoga in the afternoon was met by Mr Goodwill who 
told me both the children were dead and it was then time for the funeral. 
The girl had died at noon and the boy at evening of the day previous. I 
attended the funeral, and you may readily imagine it was a heartrending 
scene. The only children of the family a boy and girl lay side by side in 
their. . . seperate coffins The little girl had on, in her coffin, a 
string of coral beads to which was attached a little lockett. You cannot 
conceive the feelings the sight gave me. The balance of the afternoon was 
a gloomy one to me. Oh how homesick I was

   There was a large funeral and all seemed to sympathise with the 
afflicted parents. Such is the incidents of life and we must submit, 
heartrending as they are to us

   Having written this much since breakfast and mended Miss Augusta's doll 
for her company today I will leave my writing and walk up to Saratoga on 
business

   At Saratoga we found our Carpenters had got their frame up and a 
canvass over it and were writing for their families. Mr. Warner and myself 
selected our gift lots and intend commencing our improvements soon and 
when we are obliged to leave our present boarding house we shall keep 
house by ourselves. We may have to leave when Mrs E commences house 
cleaning as

Page 36

she thinks of visiting her friends in Wisconsin this summer. As long as 
they keep any one Mr Warner and myself can stay 

   The traveling has so much improved across the State of Iowa Mr. Cook 
got his letter today which he usually gets on Mondays. I have been seven 
weeks away and got one letter. I was to have one every week when I left  
Think not because I write every day and you know every act of mine of 
interest, and know that I am well, that I have no interest in hearing 
occasionally from home. I will however stop my complainings and say no 
more about your not writing, act your own pleasure. And at the same time 
remember I am not where I can pass my time as pleasantly as among 
relatives and friends. But on the borders of Civilization with but little 
to relieve the monotony of pionier life

   Sunday 26 --We have a cold raw wind from the north making it unpleasant 
out of doors and I have been content to remain within today, reading "the 
hills of the Shatemuc."

   The first bell in nebraska was hung yesterday on the Methodist church 
and to day we have "The sound of a churchgoing bell" It is a small affair 
and sounds like the Market bell of Buffalo, but will answer for Omaha  We 
shall have one worth hearing on the Presbyterian church we are to build in 
Saratoga this Summer. Br. Cook called down this evening and spent an hour 
or two.

   Monday 27 -- Nothing of importance today other than the acceptance of 
my proposition by the Saratoga Company. Went up and staked out my lot. A 
delightful day

   Tuesday 28 -- Spent the day in the Saratoga Enterprise  Have partially 
agreed to put up a warehouse in Saratoga. The Steamer St Mary's is up 
today Received a letter from Cousin Benjamin of Memphis. The family were 
greatly disappointed at not seeing me there as I wrote them. Some of the 
family waited home two weeks for me. We have had a summer day this. We 
have no springs here it steps at once from winter to summer

   Wednesday, 29 -- Took Mr. Estabrook's horse and buggy and rode down 
some six or eight miles to a sawmill where there was oak timber and 
ordered some fence posts saw'd for my Saratoga lots where I am to put up a 
cabin. The buggy ride was over a most delightful country having a variety 
of prarie and timber land. I went alone and had all pleasure to myself. 
Some of the farmers on the route are living in a hole in the ground for 
want of time to build better dwellings. The farmers are destined to become 
wealthy if they half work as their land will yield the greatest abundance 
and they have a market almost at their own door. What a wonderful change 
has taken place on this side of the river in three years.

   Got home from the Mill to a late dinner, spent the afternoon in figuring

   Thursday, 30 -- Have passed a very unpleasant night Soon after going to 
bed last evening, I went to sleep and awoke again in an hour after. I had 
dreamed I was, as I am, far away from home. Intelligence reached me of the 
death and burial of Sophia. My mind was so troubled it was a long while 
before I could get to sleep again, and when I did sleep my dreams were the 
same. My Brother Frank came to tell me what I had before heard of, Sophias 
death.

Page 37

   Then one after another came my relatives to sympathize with me at last 
came Mate who like the others told me the circumstances and expressed much 
sympathy. All however looked upon as the only mourner. 

   I awoke as many as a dozen times during the night but as soon as I got 
to sleep again the dreams haunted me and so great was my grief I would 
awake again but could not keep awake. There is a great deal of scarlet 
fever here and there has a number of children died with it. We were 
talking of it yesterday afternoon. I suppose that is one cause of dreaming 
as I did. My mind is this morning in Buffalo

   The Steamer "E. H. Gordon" is up from St. Louis. I am now going down to 
see what is on board

   Found the "Gordon" well loaded with grain and lumber also brought up 
some one hundred Danes bound for Salt Lake to join the Mormons

   Between eight and nine o'clock a slow drizzelling rain from the north 
east set in, and we have had a north easter all day the rain is just what 
is wanted here. I only went out when the Great Eastern mail came in. And I 
got at the Post office --What do you think? A letter! No! fifty cents 
worth of postage stamps and the Herald of Freedom from Mr Brown. A gloomy 
lonesom day

   Friday May 1, 1857 -- The storm which was raging last night at bed 
time, spent its fury before morning and the sun rose clear with a fair 
prospect of one of the finest days of the season. After breakfast went up 
to the office to Mail some papers and found four numbers of The Home for 
Mr. Hall who works for Cook. I never saw The Home look so well. Its 
familiar face wore a happy smile. It seems better printered and on better 
paper than it used to be. I presume that is occasioned by the distance it 
is from the office where it eminates, as printing offices are never the 
neatest places in the world. I feel a stronger attachment for "The Home" 
than I ever did before the articles seem improved and the magazine 
generally wears an air of prosperity. I hope it will be sufficiently 
remunerative to warrant its continuance by its present publishers it is 
one of the best publications, if not the very best in the country, and it 
must and will continue to be appreciated and its circulation extended. It 
is an honor to the publishers and I wish my name might remain as one of 
the publishers if only in name alone

   Saturday 2d -- Went over to Council Bluffs with Mr Estabrook, his 
family and Judge Wakely  Went in the family Carriage. I found no taxes had 
been as yet assessed on our Iowa lands. Went alone upon the highest bluff 
by the burying ground where is a most splendid prospect, comprising in one 
view St Marys twelve miles below, Omaha Saratoga and Florance opposite. 
From this point I intend taking a birdseye view of the Trio City the Great 
City of the "Great West"

   At Bluff City I met Hubbel Kelley who used to be one of my school and 
play mates when I was the age little Irwin is now and went to school on 
"Whipple Hill." We have met but once or twice since that time. I 
recognized him by the paculiarity of his voice  He has been here but a few 
days has come out West to seek a position. We had a long talk of old times

Page 38

   I also met at the Bluffs S. M. Hall of Van Watters poetical Geographia 
fame. He had hunted for me all the morning at Omaha decided to return to 
Omaha where we met at five o'clock. Mr Hall got a buggy and we had the 
finest ride imaginable over the Saratoga platt. Mr. Hall thinks of 
purchasing a share if he can get one he was delighted with the location 
just as we crossed the ferry between four and five o'clock on our return 
from the Bluffs, the Steamer "Silver heels" came up with colors flying and 
a band of music which was animating in the extreme. She gives a dance to 
the Omaha people this evening taking them on board and going up to 
Florance by moonlight there finishing the dance and returning tomorrow 
morning 

   The Steamer "Hannidal" came up during the night and was laying at our 
levee this morning. She had on board 200 Danes going to join the Mormons. 
Her cargo was mostly lumber we can now get pine siding for $50. per 
thousand planed and matched pine flooring $65. per thousand and pine 
shingles for $7.50 per thousand. This is cheaper than we ever expected to 
get pine lumber here, it will probably be the standard price and is cheap 
enough

   Among the wonders of Bluff City I saw an old Mormon 80 years of age who 
is sensible on all subjects but one, and that one is that he will live two 
or three hundred years yet and raise a large family of children. He is a 
widower now. He once married the widow of Morgan who was said to be 
murdered by the Masons during the great Anti-Masonic times which I can but 
just remember.

   It is evening, a delightful one, and the closing in of a delightful 
day. The Silver heels has started up the river with her load of merry 
dancers. I had no desire to be one of the company still it is almost too 
pleasant to stay in the house. But I will go to bed, and see what a Morrow 
will bring forth.

   Sunday Morning May 3d -- The Steamer "Emma" came up during the night. I 
got up early and went down on board, found a friend of Mr Leidy whose 
acquaintance I made while here last fall he tells me Mr. Leidy and family 
are at Davenport going to come around by St. Louis and bring up a ready 
made house. I shall be pleased to see him and his family he seems an old 
acquaintance.

   The Silverheels returned this morning and our levee looks quite 
business like with three steamers in port besides the Ferry Boat

   Just ready for church waiting for the second bell. Another steamer has 
just reached our levee making four here this morning The "Silver heels" 
and "Hannibal" are starting down. From the window where I board we can see 
all the movements of the boats, Every arrival and departure. Mr. Estabrook 
coming in reports the last boat to be "the Asa Wilgus" and is going up as 
far as Sioux City

   Have been to church for the first time in Nebraska listened to a 
discourse by Mr. Gaylord old school Presbyterian. like him very well.

   But for the breeze which is blowing freshly from the South we should 
have a very hot day, as it is, it is the hottest of the Season. 
Immediately after dinner I took off my Coat and boots, put on slippers and 
wrapper, and straightened out on the lounge to take my ease. The door 
stood wide open and I had

Page 39

a fine view of the boats at the levee and up the River for miles. The view 
also comprised a greater part of Saratoga the most prominent feature of 
which was the spot I have selected near the spring. My imagination reared 
a little cottage there and peopled it with my family the children chasing 
gophers in the wild prarie grass. My wife reading a letter from the east 
and myself in the doorway in my easy chair watching the steamers coming up 
the river or with my spy glass peeping into Mr Estabrooks where I now am. 
This pleasant revery was broken up by Mr Hall's hurrying in for a share of 
Saratoga  The boat was to leave in twenty five minutes. he had the promise 
of one tomorrow but could not wait, I gave him mine and he counted me out 
the gold it made a rich handfull for both of my hands. I shall get another 
tomorrow and hope to make a few dollars on it. Mr Hall left in a hurry to 
return with a house. 

   Monday, 4th  Waited around town for the arrival of the Mail which was a 
heavy one. It brought nothing for me. Tried to find a share of Saratoga at 
my own price think I shall get one for a little less than the one I sold.

   This evening had a fine April shower accompanied with thunder and 
lightning. Spent the evening in drawing plans for my business house or 
place. At bed time the Steamer Emigrant came in from St Louis.

   Tuesday 5th  Finished drawing my plans and went up to Saratoga to meet 
the Surveyors, but did not find them. Selected two lots for men to build 
on, who had just come in on the boat  Returned to Omaha just before noon 
and as usual repaired 'at once to the Post office got two papers an 
Express and Republic from Robert. Met Mr Cook who told me he had taken out 
letters for me and given them to Mr. Estabrook. When Mr E. came down to 
dinner he was disposed to have a little sport with me as I had been 
complaining so long about not getting letters, but the fact of my having 
heard he had the letters prevented the anticipated sport at My expence  
One letter was from Brother Frank another enclosed one from my wife son 
and daughter each all of which was read with the deepest interest and 
proved very exilerating, Inspiring me with renewed energy. Answered 
letters in the afternoon

   Wednesday 6th  According to previous arangernents hired a team to go 
down after my fence posts found them not touched. The proprietor of the 
mill sent me word once they would not be done as first promised, but would 
be done this day sure. I had hired a team been to all the expence and 
without gaining anything this is characteristic of business in Nebraska. 
We want more prompt enerjetic working business men here than we have it is 
just the place for such men to make money.

   I do not expect now to get my posts as I will not go after them again 
or pay more for them delivered than I was to get them for at the Mail it 
is getting late for a garden and I can do without a fence at present.

   My trip to the mill was not wholly without interist as we saw some 
sights new to me. A prarie squirrel, a snake five feet long and a wild 
turkey. When we saw the turkey we were, on the bottoms near the mill in 
the timber. it was a large gobbler and ran across the road ahead of us and 
up the bank. If I had had a shotgun I could have killed it. fired four 
charges from my revolver at him the distance was to far to have the balls 
take effect even if they had hit

Page 40

him. At the mill they informed us the wild turkeys were pleanty in the 
vicinity. Could hear them every morning about daylight. What a chance for 
Sporting Wild ducks are as pleanty as sparrows in the east 

   About dark this evening the steamer "Washington City" came in three 
weeks from St Louis is a lower Mississippi boat and too large for the 
upper trade there is some talk here this evening about purchasing it and 
keeping it as a hotel at our levee. The boat had on 50,000 feet lumber and 
some shingles, also a good supply of passengers 75 of which are bound to 
St Johns a Catholic colony near Sioux City to which place their fare is 
paid. The captain refuses to go farther and the passengers insist he must 
or refund their mony what the result will be we cannot tell.

   Thursday 7  This days mail brought me a letter and two papers from Mr. 
Adams. The Republic and the Advocate. I think Mr Robe's hits Mr Lathrop 
rather hard. Answered Roberts letter and attended a meeting of the Sulphur 
Spring Land Co. The Company refused to ratify the proposition accepted 
from me by the donating Committy, on the ground that they had refused 
heretofore by a vote to donate any lots in the block from which I made my 
selections. They were pleased with my project and proposition and 
appointed Mr. Wm. G. Brown to negotiate with me on even more liberal terms 
in some other quarter. I refuse however to negotiate on any terms as I 
have now abandoned the project entirely and am glad the matter has taken 
the turn it has

   Purchased a share of Saratoga to replace the one I let Mr Hall have 
made something (#oll.) by the operation. Agreed to go over the river in 
the morning and set some men to work on, and superinted the building of a 
large flat-boat for ferrying over teams and wood for the brick makers. The 
flatboat is for the Company who furnish one thousand cord of wood for the 
brick men. The Company have contracted 2,000,000 brick to be made this 
season.

   Owing to the absence of Mr. Tuttle the drawing is again posponed and 
will not come off until next Thursday the 14th  No further postponement 
will be made even if Mr Tuttle should not arrive. The steamer Washington 
was bought today for $15,000 for a hotel.

   Friday, 8.  During last night we had a fine Thunder shower. This 
morning it is clear and warm the wind blowing a gale from the South. The 
wind has blowed harder today than any day since I have been here. Still it 
has been oppressively hot all day and by noon the dust began to fly which 
together with the glaring sun and hot air from the oven down south has 
made it very unpleasant out of doors The ferry boat has not ventured out 
until since sundown so that it was not possible to go over to see about 
the flatboat. The ferry boat being delayed has prevented our receiving a 
mail today

   Saturday, 9. -- The south wind which went down with the sun last 
evening changed about and this morning was in the north. by nine o'clock 
it was in the north west and blew nearly as hard as yesterday. The ferry 
boat only made one trip for the mail and that with difficulty went up to 
Saratoga found men at work grading Pacific avenue down the beach on to the 
bottom. After
 
Page 41

dinner signed papers for one of the gift Lots on Saratoga Avenue and 
assisted Mr Brown in preparing for the drawing. I think I never witnessed 
such a change in the weather under a bright sun. Yesterday the thermometer 
went up to 80 today it is almost freezing cold making a fire necessary for 
comfort, still the sun is shining as bright as it did yesterday, the 
change is owing to the wind being in a different quarter 

   Saturday night has come again it is to me the most lonesome Evening of 
the week and one which I long to be at home to spend. I must not dwell to 
much upon home for there will doubtless be many long weeks before I can 
again be with my Family

   Mr Warner sold two lots which he paid $110. for not quite a year ago 
for $600. such business will pay.

   Sunday, 10. -- The wind has blown but little today still it is cold and 
a fire very comfortable. Wrote during. the forenoon to Irwin and Sophia. 
After lunch rode up to Saratoga with Mr. Estabrook and family after which 
I wrote Sister Sarah. just as I finished the letter some Indians came to 
the house with two ponies. The Indians were acquainted with Mr Estabrook. 
The party consisted of a chief his squaw and two of his children the 
oldest a squaw as large as her mother the other a boy about 14 years old. 
The chiefs name is Corax belongs to the Pawne tribe and is their War 
chief. He is the best looking Pawnie I have seen is six feet tall and well 
proportioned speaks very little english he says "Mr Estabrook good 
Semokaman" meaning white man. The chief had on mocasins leggins breech-
cloth and a large Buffalo skin held on by a band across his sholders. This 
completed his clothing. He carried a large bow and quiver of arrows, 
ornaments in his ears and on his head. He let his Robe fall down to his 
waist leaving his back breast and arms perfectly naked giving him a noble 
look as he stood up erect, his hands crossed in front of him. What he 
could not speak in english he made known by signs which were made the most 
gracefull and almost seemed to speak, they were so plain any one could 
understand them. He was given some supper on a separate table after which 
he called in his squaws and boy to eat, then went away. After tea we were 
in the parlor the family were singing and Mr E. playing on his violin when 
Mr Chief walked in and took his seat on the lounge with the rest. What a 
contrast and the same time how noble he looked.

   Monday, 11. -- This day was advertised for the sale of Park lots to 
complete the Capitol. the sale did Not Commence until 4 o'clock P. M. Six 
lots were sold for some over $6000, which was not what was expected they 
would bring.  accordingly the sale was adjourned to some future day when 
the balance will be sold. Mr Warner wishing to attend the sale nothing 
else was done. Steamer Admiral up from St Louis.

   Our Chief and his family were admited into the kitchen last night where 
they slept on the floor.

   Tuesday, 12. -- Devoted the forenoon to going over into Iowa oil 
business connected with the flat boat. Afternoon rainy. In accordance with 
a previous arangement went up at 10 P. M. to sit up with Mr Goodwill who is

Page 42

very low with typhoid fever. other persons were there and my services were 
not required. returned as I went, in the midst of a drenching rain, which 
wet my clothing through to my skin in many place 

   Wednesday, 13. -- Not well this morning have symptoms of my old 
complaint. It has rained all night and is dark and lowry but warm. 
vegitation looks fine.

   The Chief and his family are still in the vicinity. Corax has swapped 
his Buffalo Robe for a blanket got on a shirt, old vest and a hat with a 
red band around it he is neither white man or indian in dress now, His 
mongrel suit takes away much of his noble looks.

   The steamer Edinburgh came in this noon with a large lot of lumber, and 
as the boats all are full of passengers, at bed time felt well as usual 
except somewhat homesick. Weather more cool tonight.

   Thursday, 14. -- Disagreeably wet and cold. did not leave the house 
until ten o'clock when Mr. Campbell, late book keeper for Cutter & 
Deforest, of Buffalo called on me. he came in yesterday on the Edenburgh. 
Is boarding at the steamboat lately purchased for a Hotel. I went down to 
the boat with him and found Mr De Puy wife and infant daughter. My 
presence cheered up Mr De Puy although Mr Campbell said he dreaded to meet 
me  Mr De Puy looks old and broken spirited. has placed every thing in 
Campbells hands who manages for him and is his financier and director  It 
was quite a pleasant interview with DePuy and Campbell, seemed like home 
again

   Afternoon spent with Saratoga Co arranging the drawing. A strong west 
wind has prevented the Ferry from crossing until near night. A mail then 
came over and I received the May noumbers of the "Home" and "Casket" still 
I do not receive letters from home as I should. I ought to have one every 
week as regular as the weeks come I have thus far only received one a month

   Friday, 15. -- Spent an hour or two posting up Mr Campbell and DePuy, 
the balance of the day until ten at night assisted in arranging the 
ballots for the Saratoga drawing.

   Saturday, 16. -- The Steamer "Omaha" came in this morning discharged 
her freight for this place and passed up on her way to Sioux City. 
Completed the ballots for the drawing about nine o'clock this evening. 
Having been kept busy for the past few days I have felt the most contented 
since I came here.

   A large wolf had the impudence to come over the bluff into town this 
morning about nine o'clock and probably would have killed a young colt a 
few hours old had he not been discovered. He left followed closely by a 
couple of dogs who chased him out on the prarie

   About noon our Chief Corax left for the Pawnee Camp some Sixty Miles 
west. The last day of his stop in town he pitched his tent within four 
rods of Mr Estabrooks When I came to dinner I watched them pack their 
ponies The chief and his son held the ponies while the squaws done the 
work of packing and taking down the tent. As I stood looking at them I 
thought squaws were just the persons to have when one wants to move, as 
they will make such small parsels of their effects which at first sight 
would seem sufficient for a waggon

Page 43

load. We were at dinner when they left. Corax came to the door to bid us 
good-by. He had taken of his dress in which he tried to appear like a 
white man, and looked better than ever his only change in dress which 
differed from what he wore on his arrival was a banditti hat and a fire 
red blanket bordered with a strip of white about six inches wide. His 
quiver was hung across his shoulders and his bow was in his hand. His 
broad chest and brawny arms were naked except two or three bands of some 
bright metal which ornamented the latter. At the door he said "Corax, 
Estabrook, Pawnee house," then put his hands together and shook them, 
pointed to the west. To me he said "Semokeman Pawnee house" and made the 
motions and signs as before His signs ment that if we would come to his 
house at the Pawnee village he would treat us kindly give us corn and meat 
and a nice tent to sleep under when the sun went down. When I went out 
from dinner I could see the party going up the bluff out of town Corax 
ahead the squaws leading the ponies and the boy behind 

   Corax is about forty years old. It is said of him that he has probably 
scalped more white people crossing the plains than any Pawnee of the 
tribe. He is however a most noble specimen of the Indian, and is at peace 
and friendly with the whites. The Pawnees south of the Platt River claim 
the lands in a certain vicinity and do not allow the whites to settle 
there unless they are paid for the lands they are about making a treaty. 
The Indians have been greatly wronged, and as a general thing when there 
is Indian depredations the Whites are the first aggressors

   The Pawnees were once numerous and very powerfull, and most to be 
dreaded of all the western indians. In their wars with the Sioux and their 
intercourse with the Whites they have become as week as they were once 
powerfull, and are the most low filthy and degraded race in the west They 
use no fire-arms there only weopens are the hatchet and bow and arrows 
their arrows are steel pointed, and the same arrow that is used to kill a 
squirrel will kill a Buffalo. I have perhaps said enough about the 
Pawnees. Their relics are on every hand and it will be long years before 
they are entirely efaced by civilization. Among the curiosities of this 
place is the remains of old fort Crogan

   Sunday, 17 -- A delightfull day. Immediately after breakfast I started 
off alone to indulge in one of my most favorite enjoyments that is a 
Sabbath day walk entirely by myself. I had a very pleasant time indeed, 
the grass is up sufficient to give the prarie such a color as I never saw 
it dressed in before, which color is pea green. The sun shone bright but 
there was sufficient breeze to prevent its being too warm. I went up to 
Saratoga where I had not been for a week. great changes had taken place in 
the way of buildings comenced and the grading of Pacific Avenue. Went up 
to the lot I have selected and plucked some flowers two of which I will 
send to Sophia, in my first letter to her. Crossed the platt or table land 
from my lot by going west on Saratoga Avenue over the bluff to Mr. Tuttles 
farm. here I found garden vegetables far advanced and two men Joseph 
McNeal and Wm. Pitcher from Coopers-

Page 44

town at work in the garden. Like all new countries before the people get 
settled or have time to make places of worship there is but little regard 
paid to the Sabbath. Br. Cook is often prevented from attending church in 
consequence of the arrival of a Steamer with freight for Mr Rogers which 
must be received and charges paid or the goods would be taken back on the 
boat. From Mr. Tuttle's farm I returned to Omaha just in time for my 
dinner. The Steamer "John Warner" had arrived from St Louis. After dinner 
took a ride with the General and family.  returned to an early supper. 
during the evening the steamer "New Monongahalia" came up. 

   Monday 18 -- Commenced the business of the day by revising Saturdays 
work, after which went up to Saratoga returned half past eleven got a 
letter from home, dated May 3d and mailed the 4th enclosed was one for 
Miss Augusta and one for me from wife, son and daughter. I wish I could 
receive one every week. I presume my last letter is received this day. Mr 
Tuttle is still absent which. fact keeps me undecided as to my future 
course of business. This evening about dark the Steamer "Spread Eagle" 
passed up without stopping. She was in imploy of the fur company or the 
government and her only load was supplies for the North.

   Tuesday, 19 -- This morning we have four boats in, the The "A. C. 
Goddin" "Silver Heels" and "Emma" from St Louis and the "Omaha" on her 
return from up Country. Mr. Goodwill died this morning at one o'clock. His 
death is a great blow to Omaha and Saratoga. he was one of the first 
pioneers and kept the first house of entertainment in the place, known as 
the "big six". His doors have ever been open to the Emigrant, and although 
he he kept a public house but a short time, he was always at the boats, to 
look after the interest of new comers and give up his own bed while he 
would take the floor He has been twice a member of the Territorial 
Council, and at his death was Receiver of taxes for the County and city, 
was Alderman of Omaha and Chairman of the Executive Committe of the 
"Sulphur Spring Land Co. His whole energies were at work to build up this 
region which has made others wealthy while he has worked more and 
accumulated less. The rise on his property here has however left his 
family in comfortable circumstances. The loss of his only son, a boy about 
14 years of age, last winter we think has had the effect to so wear on his 
mind as to impair his bodily health. Immediately after breakfast went up 
to Saratoga. Returned to the Company Meeting and we commenced drawing for 
lots, and waked until ten at night when we adjourned until morning

   Wednesday - 20 -- Continued the drawing untill about noon at which time 
we had drawn twelve lots to a share, tho the number dessignated for the 
first drawing

   After dinner preparations were being made by the "odd Fellows" and 
others to attend Mr Goodwills funeral. The attendance bade fare to be a 
large one. I accordingly repaired to Saratoga and looked out and staked 
Some of the lots I had drawn. Came home, right tired, to a late supper[.]