The majority of old-time trappers and scouts always had an inexhaustible fund of anecdote and adventure. Stories were often told at night when the day's duty of making the round of the traps was done, the beaver skinned, and the pelts hung up to cure. Their simple supper disposed, and being comfortably seated around their fire of blazing logs, each one of them indulged, as a preliminary, in his favourite manner of smoking. Some adhered to the traditional clay pipe, others, more fastidious, used nothing less expensive than a meerschaum. Many, however, were satisfied with a simple cigarette with its covering of corn husk. This was Kit Carson's usual method of smoking, and he was an inveterate partaker of the weed. Frequently there was no real tobacco to be found in the camp; either its occupants had exhausted their supply, or the traders had failed to bring enough at the last rendezvous[68] to go round. Then they were compelled to resort to the substitutes of the Indians. Among some tribes the bark of the red willow, dried and bruised, was used; others, particularly the mountain savages, smoked the genuine kin-nik-i-nick, a little evergreen vine growing on the tops of the highest elevations, and known as larb.

It was a rare treat to come across one of those solitary camps when out on a prolonged hunt, for the visitor was certain of a cordial welcome, and everything the generous men had was freely at your service. The crowning pleasure came at night, when stories were told under the silvery pines, with troops of stars overhead, around a glowing camp-fire, until the lateness of the hour warned all that it was time to roll up in their robes, if they intended to court sleep.

Let the reader, in fancy, accompany us to some thunder-splintered canyon of the great rock-ribbed Continental Divide, and when the shadows of night come walking along the mountains, seek one of these sequestered camps, take our place in the magic circle, and listen to wondrous tales as they are passed around. There is nothing to disturb the magnificent silence save an occasional soughing of the fitful breeze in the tops of the towering pines, or the gentle babbling of some tiny rivulet as its water soothingly flows over the rounded pebbles in its bed. There is a charm in the environment of such a spot that will photograph its picture on the memory as the gem of all the varied experiences of a checkered life.

One of the best raconteurs was Old Hatcher, as he was known throughout the mountains. He was a famous trapper of the late '40's. Hatcher was thoroughly Western in all his gestures, moods, and dialect. He had a fund of stories of an amusing, and often of a marvellous cast. It was never any trouble to persuade him to relate some of the scenes in his wayward, ever- changing life; particularly if you warmed him up with a good-sized bottle of whiskey, of which he was inordinately fond.

When telling a story he invariably kept his pipe in his mouth, using his hands to cut from a solid plug of Missouri tobacco, whenever his pipe showed signs of exhaustion. He also fixed his eyes on some imaginary object in the blaze of the fire, and his countenance indicated a concentration of thought, as if to call back from the shadowy past the coming tale, the more attractive, perhaps, by its extreme improbability.

He declared that he once visited the realms of Pluto, and no one ever succeeded in disabusing his mind of the illusion.

The story is here presented just as he used to tell it, but divested of much of its dialect, so hard to read, and much more difficult to write:—

"Well!" beginning with a vigorous pull at his pipe. "I had been down to Bent's Fort to get some powder, lead, and a few things I needed at the beginning of the buffalo season. I remained there for some time waiting for a caravan to come from the States which was to bring the goods I wanted. Things was wonderfully high; it took a beaver-skin for a plug of tobacco, three for a cup of powder, and other knick-knacks in proportion. Jim Finch, an old trapper that went under by the Utes near the Sangre de Cristo Pass, a few years ago, had told me there was lots of beaver on the Purgatoire. Nobody knowed it; all thought the creeks had been cleaned out of the varmints. So down I goes to the canyon, and sot my traps. I was all alone by myself, and I'll be darned if ten Injuns didn't come a screeching right after me. I cached. I did, and the darned red devils made for the open prairie with my animals. I tell you, I was mad, but I kept hid for more than an hour. Suddenly I heard a tramping in the bushes, and in breaks my little gray mule. Thinks I them 'Rapahoes ain't smart; so tied her to grass. But the Injuns had scared the beaver so, I stays in my camp, eating my lariat. Then I begun to get kind o' wolfish and squeamish; something was gnawing and pulling at my inwards, like a wolf in a trap. Just then an idea struck me, that I had been there before trading liquor with the Utes.

"I looked around for sign, and hurrah for the mountains if I didn't find the cache! And now if I didn't kiss the rock that I had pecked with my butcher-knife to mark the place, I'm ungrateful. Maybe the gravel wasn't scratched up from that place, and to me as would have given all my traps for some Taos lightning, just rolled in the delicious fluid.[69]

"I was weaker than a goat in the spring, but when the Taos was opened, I fell back and let it run in. In four swallows I concluded to pull up stakes for the headwaters of the Purgatoire for meat. So I roped old Blue, tied on my traps, and left.

"It used to be the best place in the mountains for meat, but nothing was in sight. Things looked mighty strange, and I wanted to make the back track; but, says I, here I am, and I don't turn, surely.

"The bushes was all scorched and curly and the cedar was like fire had been put to it. The big, brown rocks was covered with black smoke, and the little drink in the bottom of the canyon was dried up. I was now most under the old twin peaks of 'Wa-te-yah'[70]; the cold snow on top looking mighty cool and refreshing.

"Something was wrong; I must be shoving backwards, I thought, and that before long, or I'd go under, so I jerked the rein, but I'll be dog-goned, and it's true as there's meat running, Blue kept going forward. I laid back and cussed and kicked till I saw blood, certain. Then I put out my hand for my knife to kill the beast, but the 'Green River'[71] wouldn't come. I tell you some unvisible spirit had a paw there, and it's me that says it, 'bad medicine' it was, that trapping time.

"Loosing my pistol, the one I traded at Big Horn, the time I lost my Ute squaw, and priming my rifle, I swore to keep right on; for after staying ten years in these mountains, to be fooled this way wasn't the game for me nohow.

"Well, we, I say, 'we,' for Blue was some—as good as a man any day; I could talk to her, and she'd turn her head as if she understood me. Mules are knowing critters—next to human. At a sharp corner Blue snorted, and turned her head, but couldn't go back. There, in front, was a level canyon with walls of black and brown and gray stone, and stumps of burned pinyon hung down ready to fall onto us; and, as we passed, the rocks and trees shook and grated and croaked. All at once Blue tucked her tail, backed her ears, bowed her neck, and squealed right out, a-rearing on her hind legs, a-pawing, and snickering. This hoss didn't see the cute of them notions; he was for examining, so I goes to jump off and lam the fool; but I was stuck tight as if there was tar on the saddle. I took my gun, that there iron, my rifle, and pops Blue over the head, but she squealed and dodged, all the time pawing; but it wasn't no use, and I says, 'you didn't cost more than two blankets when you was traded from the Utes, and two blankets ain't worth more than two beaver-skins at Bent's Fort, which comes to two dollars a pair, you consarned ugly pictur—darn you, anyhow!' Just then I heard a laughing. I looks up, and two black critters—they wasn't human, sure, for they had black tails and red coats—Indian cloth, cloth like that traded to the Indians, edged with white, shiny stuff, and brass buttons.

"They come forward and made two low bows. I felt for my scalp-knife, for I thought they was approaching to take me, but I couldn't use it —they was so darned polite.

"One of the devils said, with a grin and bow, 'Good-morning, Mr. Hatcher!'

"'H——!' says I, 'how do you know me? I swear this hoss never saw you before.'

"'Oh, we've expected you a long time,' said the other, 'and we are quite happy to see you—we've known you ever since your arrival in the mountains.'

"I was getting sort of scared. I wanted a drop of Taos mighty bad, but the bottle was gone, and I looked at them in astonishment, and said—'The devil!'

"'Hush!' screamed one, 'you must not say that here—keep still, you will see him presently.'

"I felt streaked, and a cold sweat broke out all over me. I tried to say my prayers, as I used to at home, when they made me turn in at night—

"'Now I lay me.'

"Pshaw! I'm off again, I can't say it; but if this child could have got off his animal, he'd took hair and gone down the trail for Purgatoire.

"All this time the long-tailed devils was leading my animal, and me top of her, the biggest fool dug out, up the same canyon. The rocks on the sides was pecked smooth as a beaver-skin, ribbed with the grain, and the ground was covered with bits of cedar, like a cavayard of mules had been nipping and scattering them about. Overhead it was roofed, leastwise it was dark in here, and only a little light come through the holes in the rock. I thought I knew where we was, and eeched awfully to talk, but I sot still and didn't ask any questions.

"Presently we were stopped by a dead wall. No opening anywhere. When the devils turned from me, I jerked my head around quick, but there was no place to get out—the wall had growed up behind us too. I was mad, and I wasn't mad neither; for I expected the time had come for this child to go under. So I let my head fall on my breast, and I pulled the wool hat over my eyes, and thought for the last of the beaver I had trapped, and the buffalo as had taken my lead pills in their livers, and the poker and euchre I'd played at the Rendezvous at Bent's Fort. I felt comfortable as eating fat cow to think I hadn't cheated any one.

"All at once the canyon got bright as day. I looked up, and there was a room with lights and people talking and laughing, and fiddles screeching. Dad, and the preacher at home when I was a boy, told me the fiddle was the devil's invention; I believe it now.

"The little fellow as had hold of my animal squeaked out—'Get off your mule, Mr. Hatcher!'

"'Get off!' said I, for I was mad as a bull pricked with Comanche lances, for his disturbing me. 'Get off? I have been trying to, ever since I came into this infernal hole.'

"'You can do so now. Be quick, for the company is waiting,' says he, pert- like.

"They all stopped talking and were looking right at me. I felt riled. 'Darn your company. I've got to lose my scalp anyhow, and no difference to me—but to oblige you'—so I slid off as easy as if I had never been stuck.

"A hunchback boy, with little gray eyes in his head, took old Blue away. I might never see her again, and I shouted—'Poor Blue! Good-by, Blue!'

"The young devil snickered; I turned around mighty stern—'Stop your laughing, you hell-cat—if I am alone, I can take you,' and I grabbed for my knife to wade into his liver; but it was gone—gun, bullet-pouch, and pistol, like mules in a stampede.

"I stepped forward with a big fellow, with hair frizzled out like an old buffalo just before shedding time; and the people jawing worse than a cavayard of paroquets, stopped, while frizzly shouted:—

"'Mr. Hatcher, formerly of Wapakonnetta, latterly of the Rocky Mountains.'

"Well, there I stood. Things were mighty strange, and every darned nigger of them looked so pleased like. To show them manners, I said, 'How are you?' and I went to bow, but chaw my last tobacco if I could, my breeches was so tight—the heat way back in the canyon had shrunk them. They were too polite to notice it, and I felt for my knife to rip the dog-goned things, but recollecting the scalp-taker was stolen, I straightens up and bowed my head. A kind-looking, smallish old gentleman, with a black coat and breeches, and a bright, cute face, and gold spectacles, walks up and pressed my hand softly.

"'How do you do, my dear friend? I have long expected you. You cannot imagine the pleasure it gives me to meet you at home. I have watched your peregrinations in the busy, tiresome world with much interest. Sit down, sit down; take a chair,' and he handed me one.

"I squared myself on it, but if a ten-pronged buck wasn't done sucking when I last sot on a chair, and I squirmed awhile, uneasy as a gun-shot coyote; then I jumps up and tells the old gentleman them sort of fixings didn't suit this beaver, he prefers the floor. I sets cross-legged like in camp, as easy as eating meat. I reached for my pipe—a fellow so used to it—but the devils in the canyon had cached that too.

"'You wish to smoke, Mr. Hatcher?—we will have cigars. Here!' he called to an imp near him, 'some cigars.'

"They was brought in on a waiter, about the size of my bullet-pouch. I empties them into my hat, for good cigars ain't to be picked up on the prairie every day, but looking at the old man, I saw something was wrong. To be polite, I ought to have taken but one.

"'I beg pardon,' says I, scratching my scalp, 'this hoss didn't think —he's been so long in the mountains he's forgot civilized doings,' and I shoved the hat to him.

"'Never mind,' says he, waving his hand and smiling faintly, 'get others,' speaking to the boy alongside of him.

"The old gentleman took one and touched his finger to the end of my cigar—it smoked as if fire had been sot to it.

"'Waugh! the devil!' screams I, darting back.

"'The same!' chimed in he, biting off the little end of his, and bowing, and spitting it out, 'the same, sir.'

"'The same! what?'

"'Why—the devil.'

"'H—-l! this ain't the hollow tree for this coon—I'll be making medicine,' so I offers my cigar to the sky and to the earth, like an Injun.

"'You must not do that here—out upon such superstition,' says he, sharp- like.

"'Why?'

"'Don't ask so many questions—come with me,' rising to his feet, and walking off slow and blowing his cigar-smoke over his shoulder in a long line, and I gets alongside of him. 'I want to show you my establishment—you did not expect to find this down here, eh?'

"My breeches was all-fired stiff with the heat in the canyon, and my friend, seeing it, said, 'Your breeches are tight; allow me to place my hand on them.'

"He rubbed his fingers up and down once, and by beaver, they got as soft as when I traded them from the Pi-Utes on the Gila.

"I now felt as brave as a buffalo in the spring. The old man was so clever, and I walked alongside of him like an old acquaintance. We soon stopped before a stone door, and it opened without touching.

"'Here's damp powder, and no fire to dry it,' shouts I, stopping.

"'What's the matter; do you not wish to perambulate through my possessions?'

"'This hoss doesn't savey what the human for perambulate is, but I'll walk plum to the hottest fire in your settlement, if that's all you mean.'

"The place was hot, and smelt of brimstone; but the darned screeching took me. I walks up to the other end of the lodge, and steal my mule, if there wasn't Jake Beloo, as trapped with me to Brown's Hole! A lot of hell-cats was a-pulling at his ears, and a-jumping on his shoulders, and swinging themselves to the ground by his long hair. Some was running hot irons into him, but when we came up they went off in a corner, laughing and talking like wildcats' gibberish on a cold night.

"Poor Jake! he came to the bar, looking like a sick buffalo in the eye. The bones stuck through his skin, and his hair was matted and long, all over, just like a blind bull, and white blisters spotted him. 'Hatch, old fellow! you here too?—how are you?' says he, in a faint-like voice, staggering and catching on to the bar for support— 'I'm sorry to see you here; what did you do?' He raised his eyes to the old man standing behind me, who gave him such a look, he went howling and foaming at the mouth to the fur end of the den and fell down, rolling over the damp stones. The devils, who was chuckling by a furnace where was irons a-heating, approached easy, and run one into his back. I jumped at them and hollered, 'You owdacious little hell-pups, let him alone; if my scalp-taker was here, I'd make buzzard feed of your meat, and parfleche of your dog-skins, ' but they squeaked out, to 'go to the devil.'

"'Waugh!' says I, 'if I ain't pretty close to his lodge, I'm a nigger!'

"The old gentleman speaks up, 'Take care of yourself, Mr. Hatcher,' in a mighty soft kind voice, and he smiled so calm and devilish—it nigh froze me. I thought if the ground would open with an earthquake, and take me in, I'd be much obliged anyhow. Thinks I, 'You saint-for-saken, infernal hell- chief, how I'd like to stick my knife in your withered old bread-basket.'

"'Ah! my dear fellow, no use trying—that's a decided impossibility.' I jumped ten feet. I swear a medicine-man couldn't a-heard me, for my lips didn't move, and how he knew is more than this hoss can tell.

"'I see your nervous equilibrium is destroyed; come with me.'

"At the other side the old gentleman told me to reach down for a brass knob. I thought a trick was going to be played on me, and I dodged.

"'Do not be afraid; turn it when you pull; steady; there, that's it.' It came, and a door shut of itself.

"'Mighty good hinges!' said I, 'don't make any noise, and go shut without slamming and cussing them.'

"'Yes—yes! some of my own importation. No, they were never made here.'

"It was dark at first, but whenever the other door opened, there was too much light. In another room there was a table in the middle, with two bottles, and little glasses like them in St. Louis at the drink-houses, only prettier. A soft, thick carpet was on the floor, and a square glass lamp hung from the ceiling. I sat cross-legged on the floor, and he on a sofa, his feet cocked on a chair, and his tail coiled under him, comfortable as traders in a lodge. He hollered something, I couldn't make out, and in comes two black crook-shanked devils with a round bench and a glass with cigars in it. They vamosed, and the old coon, inviting me to take a cigar, helps himself, and reared his head back, while I sorter lays on the floor, and we smoked and talked.

"'But have we not been sitting long enough? Take a fresh cigar, and we will walk. That was Purgatory where your quondam friend, Jake Beloo, is. He will remain there awhile longer, and, if you desire it can go, though it cost much exertion to entice him here, and then only after he had drunk hard.'

"'I wish you would, sir. Jake was as good a companion as ever trapped beaver, or gnawed poor bull in the spring, and he treated his squaw as if she was a white woman.'

"'For your sake I will; we may see others of our acquaintance before leaving this,' says he, sorter queer-like, as if to mean, no doubt of it.

"The door of the room we had been talking in shut of its own accord. We stooped, and he touched a spring in the wall, a trap-door flew open, showing a flight of steps. He went first, cautioning me not to slip on the dark stairs; but I shouted not to mind me, but thanked him for telling me, though.

"We went down and down, until I began to think the old cuss was going to get me safe too, so I sung out—'Hello! which way; we must be mighty nigh under Wah-to-yah, we've been going on so long?'

"'Yes,' said he, much astonished; 'we're just under the Twins. Why, turn and twist you ever so much, you do not lose your reckoning.'

"'Not by a long chalk! This child had his bringing-up at Wapakonnetta, and that's a fact.'

"From the bottom we went on in a dampish sort of a passage, gloomily lit up with one candle. The grease was running down the block that had an auger-hole bored in it for a candlestick, and the long snuff to the end was red, and the blaze clung to it as if it hated to part company, and turned black, and smoked at the point in mourning. The cold chills shook me, and the old gentleman kept so still, the echoes of my feet rolled back so solemn and hollow, I wanted liquor mighty bad—mighty bad!

"There was a noise smothered-like, and some poor fellow would cry out worse than Comanches a-charging. A door opened, and the old gentleman touching me on the back, I went in and he followed. It flew to, and though I turned right around, to look for sign to escape, if the place got too hot, I couldn't find it.

"'What now, are you dissatisfied?'

"'Oh, no! I was just looking to see what sort of a lodge you have.'

"'I understand you perfectly, sir; be not afraid.'

"My eyes were blinded in the light, but rubbing them, I saw two big snakes coming at me, their yellow and blood-shot eyes shining awfully, and their big red tongues darting backwards and forwards, like a panther's paw when he slaps it on a deer, and their jaws wide open, showing long, slim, white fangs. On my right four ugly animals jumped at me, and rattled their chains—I swear their heads was bigger than a buffalo's in summer. The snakes hissed and showed their teeth, and lashed their tails, and the dogs howled and growled and charged, and the light from the furnace flashed out brighter and brighter; and above me, and around me, a hundred devils yelled and laughed and swore and spit, and snapped their bony fingers in my face, and leaped up to the ceiling into the black, long spider-webs, and rode on the spiders which was bigger than a powder-horn, and jumped onto my head. Then they all formed in line, and marched and hooted and yelled; and when the snakes joined the procession, the devils leaped on their backs and rode. Then some smaller ones rocked up and down on springing boards, and when the snakes came opposite, darted way up in the air and dived down their mouths, screeching like so many Pawnee Indians for scalps. When the snakes was in front of us, the little devils came to the end of the snakes' tongues, laughing and dancing, and singing like idiots. Then the big dogs jumped clean over us, growling louder than a cavayard of grizzly bear, and the devils, holding on to their tails, flopped over my head, screaming—'We've got you—we've got you at last!'

"I couldn't stand it no longer, and shutting my eyes, I yelled right out, and groaned.

"'Be not alarmed,' and my friend drew his fingers along my head and back, and pulled a little narrow black flask from his pocket, with— 'Here, take some of this.'

"I swallowed a few drops. It tasted sweetish and bitterish—I don't exactly know how, but as soon as it was down, I jumped up five times and yelled 'Out of the way, you little ones, and let me ride'; and after running alongside, and climbing up his slimy scales, I got straddle of a big snake, who turned his head round, blowing his hot, sickening breath in my face. I waved my old wool hat, and kicking him into a fast run, sung out to the little devils to get up behind, and off we started, screeching, 'Hurrah for Hell!' The old gentleman rolled over and bent himself double with laughing, till he pretty nigh choked. We kept going faster and faster till I got on to my feet, although the scales was mighty slippery, and danced Injun, and whooped louder than them all.

"All at once the old gentleman stopped laughing, pulled his spectacles down on his nose, and said, 'Mr. Hatcher, we had better go now,' and then he spoke something I couldn't make out, and all the animals stood still; I slid off, and the little hell-cats, a-pinching my ears and pulling my beard, went off squealing. Then they all formed in a half moon before us—the snakes on their tails, with heads way up to the black cobwebbed roof, the dogs reared on their hind feet, and the little devils hanging everywhere. Then they all roared, and hissed, and screeched several times, and wheeling off, disappeared just as the lights went out, leaving us in the dark.

"'Mr. Hatcher,' said the old gentleman again, moving off, 'you will please amuse yourself until I return'; but seeing me look wild, said, 'You have seen too much of me to feel alarmed for your own safety. Take this imp for your guide, and if he is impertinent, put him through; and for fear the exhibitions may overcome your nerves, imbibe of this cordial,' which I did, and everything danced before my eyes, and I wasn't a bit scared.

"I started for a red light that came through the crack of a door, and stumbled over a three-legged chair, as I pitched my last cigar-stump to one of the dogs chained to the wall, who caught it in his mouth. When the door was opened by my guide, I saw a big blaze like a prairie fire, red and gloomy; and big black smoke was curling and twisting and spreading, and the flames a-licking the walls, going up to a point, and breaking into a wide blaze, with white and green ends. There was bells a-tolling, and chains a-clinking, and mad howls and screams; but the old gentleman's medicine made me feel as independent as a trapper with his animals feeding around him, two pack of beaver in camp, with traps sot for more.

"Close to the hot place was a lot of merry devils laughing and shouting, with an old pack of greasy cards—it reminded me of them we used to play with at the Rendezvous—shuffling them to the time of the Devil's Dream, and Money Musk; then they'd deal in slow time, with the Dead March in Saul, whistling as solemn as medicine-men. Then they broke out sudden with Paddy O'Rafferty, which made this hoss move about in his moccasins so lively that one of them that was playing looked up and said, 'Mr. Hatcher, won't you take a hand? Make way, boys, for the gentleman.'

"Down I got amongst them, but stepped on one little fellow's tail, who had been leading the Irish jig. He hollered till I got off it, 'Owch! but it's on my tail ye are!'

"'Pardon,' said I, 'but you are an Irishman!'

"'No, indeed! I'm a hell-imp, he! he! who-oop! I'm a hell-imp,' and he laughed and pulled my beard, and screeched till the rest threatened to choke him if he didn't stop.

"'What's trumps?' said I, 'and whose deal?'

"'Here's my place,' said one, 'I'm tired of playing; take a horn,' handing me a black bottle; 'the game's poker, and it's your next deal —there's a bigger game of poker on hand'; and picking up an iron rod heating in the fire, he punched a miserable fellow behind the bars, who cussed him and ran away into the blaze out of his reach.

"I thought I was great at poker by the way I gathered in the beaver-skins at the Rendezvous, but here the slick devils beat me without half trying. When they'd slap down a bully pair, they'd screech and laugh worse than trappers on a spree.

"Says one, 'Mr. Hatcher, I reckon you're a hoss at poker away in your country, but you can't shine down here—you ain't nowhere. That fellow looking at us through the bars was a preacher up in the world. When we first got him, he was all-fired hot and thirsty. We would dip our fingers in water, and let it run in his mouth, to get him to teach us the best tricks—he's a trump; he would stand and stamp the hot coals, and dance up and down while he told his experience. Whoop-ee! how he would laugh! He has delivered two long sermons of a Sunday, and played poker at night of five-cent antes, with the deacons, for the money bagged that day; and when he was in debt he exhorted the congregation to give more for the poor heathen in a foreign land, a-dying and losing their souls for the want of a little money to send them a gospel preacher—that the poor heathen would be damned to eternal fire if they didn't make up the dough. The gentleman that showed you around—old Sate, we call him—had his eyes on the preacher for a long time. When we got him, we had a barrel of liquor and carried him around on our shoulders, until tired of the fun, and threw him in the furnace yonder. We call him "Poke," for that was his favourite game. Oh, Poke,' shouted my friend, 'come here; here's a gentleman who wants to see you—we'll give you five drops of water, and that's more than your old skin's worth.'

"He came close, and though his face was poor, and all scratched, and his hair singed mighty nigh off, make meat of this hoss, if it wasn't old Cormon, that used to preach in the Wapakonnetta settlement! Many a time he's made my hair stand on end when he preached about the other world. He came closer, and I could see the chains tied on his wrists, where they had worn to the bone. He looked a darned sight worse than if the Comanches had scalped him.

"'Hello! old coon,' said I, 'we're both in that awful place you talked so much about; but I ain't so bad off as you yet. This young gentleman,' pointing to the devil who told me of his doings—'this gentleman has been telling me how you took the money you made us throw in on Sunday.'

"'Yes,' said he, 'if I had only acted as I told others to do, I would not have been scorching here for ever and ever—water! water! John, my son, for my sake, a little water.'

"Just then a little rascal stuck a hot iron into him, and off he ran in the flames, 'cacheing' on the cool side of a big chunk of fire, a-looking at us for water; but I cared no more for him than the Pawnee whose scalp was tucked in my belt for stealing my horses on Coon Creek; and I said:—

"'This hoss doesn't care a cuss for you; you're a sneaking hypocrite; you deserve all you've got and more too—and look here, old boy, it's me that says so.'

"I strayed off a piece, pretending to get cool, but this hoss began to get scared, and that's a fact; for the devils carried Cormon until they got tired of him, and, said I to myself, 'Ain't they been doing me the same way? I'll cache, I will.'

"Well, now, I felt sort of queer, so I saunters along kind o' slowly, until I saw an open place in the rock, not minding the imps who was drinking away like trappers on a bust. It was so dark there, I felt my way mighty still, for I was afraid they'd be after me. I got almost to a streak of light when there was such a rumpus in the cave that gave me the trembles. Doors was slamming, dogs growling and rattling their chains, and all the devils a-screaming. They come a-charging; the snakes was hissing sharp and wiry; the beasts howled long and mournful, and thunder rolled up overhead, and the imps was yelling and screeching like they was mad.

"It was time to break for timber, sure, and I run as if a wounded buffalo was raising my shirt with his horns. The place was damp, and in the narrow rock, lizards and vipers and copperheads jumped out at me, and climbed on my legs, but I stamped and shook them off. Owls, too, flopped their wings in my face and hooted at me, and fire blazed out and lit the place up, and brimstone smoke came nigh choking me. Looking back, the whole cavayard of hell was coming; nothing but devils on devils filled the hole!

"I threw down my hat to run faster, and then jerked off my old blanket, but still they was gaining on me. I made one jump clean out of my moccasins. The big snake in front was getting closer and closer, with his head drawed back to strike; then a hell-dog run up nearly alongside, panting and blowing with the slobber running out of his mouth, and a lot of devils hanging on to him, who was a-cussing me and screeching. I strained every joint, but it was no use, they still gained—not fast— but gaining. I jumped and swore, and leaned down, and flung out my hands, but the dogs was nearer every time, and the horrid yelling and hissing way back grew louder and louder. At last, a prayer mother used to make me say, I hadn't thought of for twenty years, came right before me as clear as a powder-horn. I kept running and saying it, and the darned devils held back a little. I gained some on them. I stopped repeating it, to get my breath, when the foremost dog made a lunge at me—I had forgot it. Turning up my eyes, there was the old gentleman looking at me, and keeping alongside without walking. His face wasn't more than two feet off, and his eyes was fixed steady, and calm and devilish. I screamed right out. I shut my eyes, but he was there still. I howled and spit, and hit at it, but couldn't get his darned face away. A dog caught hold of my shirt with his fangs, and two devils, jumping on me, caught me by the throat, a-trying to choke me. While I was pulling them off, I fell down, with about thirty-five of the infernal things and the dogs and the slimy snakes on top of me, a-mashing and tearing me. I bit pieces out of them, and bit again, and scratched and gouged. When I was 'most give out, I heard the Pawnee scalp-yell, and use my rifle for a poking stick, if in didn't charge a party of the best boys in the mountains. They slayed the devils right and left, and set them running like goats, but this hoss was so weak fighting he fainted away. When I come to, I was on the Purgatoire, just where I found the liquor, and some trappers was slapping their 'whats' in my face to bring me to. All around where I was laying, the grass was pulled up, and the ground dug with my knife, and the bottle, cached when I traded with the Utes, was smashed to flinders against a tree.

"'Why, what on earth, Hatcher, have you been doing here? You was kicking and tearing around, and yelling as if your scalp was taken. We don't understand these hifalootin notions.'

"'The devils of hell was after me,' said I, mighty gruff. 'This hoss has seen more of them than he ever wants to see again.'

"They tried to get me out of the notion, but I swear, and I'll stick to it, I saw a heap more of the all-fired place than I want to again. If it ain't a fact, I don't know fat cow from poor bull."

Hatcher always ended his yarn with this declaration, and you could never make him believe that he had had only a touch of delirium tremens.

This story is related by Colonel W. F. Cody:—

     In 1864 two military expeditions were sent into the northwest
     country to disperse any hostile gatherings of Indians, one
     expedition starting from Fort Lincoln on the Missouri River
     under command of General George A. Custer. It was on this
     expedition that Custer discovered gold in the Black Hills,
     a discovery which finally led up to the great Sioux war of 1876,
     when he lost his life in the battle of the Little Big Horn.
     The other expedition started from Rawlins on the Union Pacific
     Railway to go north into the Big Horn Basin in the Big Horn
     Mountain country. This expedition was commanded by Colonel
     Anson Mills. I was chief scout and guide of the expedition. 

     One day, when we were on the Great Divide of the Big Horn
     Mountains, the command had stopped to let the pack-train close
     up. While we were resting there, quite a number of officers
     and myself were talking to Colonel Mills, when we noticed,
     coming from the direction in which we were going, a solitary
     horseman about three miles distant. He was coming from the
     ridge of the mountains. The colonel asked me if I had any
     scouts out in that direction, and I told him I had not.
     We naturally supposed that it was an Indian. He kept drawing
     nearer and nearer to us, until we made out it was a white man,
     and as he came on I recognized him to be California Joe.[72] 

     When he got within hailing distance, I sung out, "Hello, Joe,"
     and he answered, "Hello, Bill." I said: "Where in the world
     are you going to, out in this country?" (We were then about
     five hundred miles from any part of civilization.) He said he
     was just out for a morning ride. I introduced him to the
     colonel and officers, who had all heard and read of him, for
     he had been made famous in Custer's Life on the Plains .
     He was a tall man, about six feet three inches in his moccasins,
     with reddish gray hair and whiskers, very thin, nothing but
     bone, sinew, and muscle. He was riding an old cayuse pony,
     with an old saddle, a very old bridle, and a pair of elk-skin
     hobbles attached to his saddle, to which also hung a piece of
     elk-meat. He carried an old Hawkins rifle. He had an old
     shabby army hat on, and a ragged blue army overcoat, a buckskin
     shirt, and a pair of dilapidated greasy buckskin pants that
     reached only a little below his knees, having shrunk in the
     wet; he also wore a pair of old army government boots with the
     soles worn off. That was his make-up. 

     I remember the colonel asking him if he had been very
     successful in life. He pointed to the old cayuse pony, his
     gun, and his clothes, and replied, "This is seventy years'
     gathering." Colonel Mills then asked him if he would have
     anything to eat; he said he had plenty to eat, all he wanted
     was tobacco. Tobacco was very scarce in the command, but they
     rounded him up sufficient to do him that day. When invited to
     go with us, he said he was not particular where he went,
     he would just as soon go one way as the other; he remained
     with us several days, in fact, he stayed the entire trip. 

     He was of great assistance to me, as he knew the country
     thoroughly. He was a fine mountain guide, but I could seldom
     find him when I most needed him, as he was generally back with
     the column, telling frontier stories and yarns to the soldiers
     for a chew of tobacco. 

     One day I rode back from the advance guard to ask the colonel
     how far he wanted to go before camping, and while I was riding
     along talking to him, we noticed that the advance guard had
     stopped and were standing in a circle, evidently looking at
     something very intently. They were so interested that they
     did not come to their senses until the colonel and myself rode
     in among them. Then they immediately moved forward, leaving
     the colonel and myself to see what they had been investigating.
     It was a lone grave in the desolate mountains, and whoever had
     been buried there evidently had friends, because the spot was
     nicely covered with stones to prevent the wolves from digging
     up the corpse. 

     We were looking at this grave when old Joe rode up, and as he
     stopped he threw down his hat on the pile of rocks and said,
     "At last." 

     The colonel said, "Joe, do you know anything about the history
     of this grave?" Joe replied— 

     "Well I should think I did." The colonel then asked him to
     tell us about it. Joe said:— 

     "In 1816"—we didn't stop to think how far back 1816 was—
     "I had been to Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River with
     a company of fur traders, and had been trapping in that country
     for two or three years, and by that time the party had made up
     their minds they would start back to the States, across the
     mountains. They were headed for the Missouri River, and when
     they got there, they intended to build a boat and float down
     to St. Louis. As they were coming across the Continental
     Divide of the Rocky Mountains, had reached the eastern slope,
     and were coming down one of the tributaries of the Stinking
     Water, some one of the party discovered what he thought to be
     gold nuggets in the bed of the stream. The water was clear.
     Every man went down to the water prospecting. The stream was
     so full of gold nuggets that they all jumped off their horses,
     leaving them packed as they were, and commenced throwing gold
     nuggets out on the banks. 

     "They abandoned everything they had with them, provisions and
     all, excepting their rifles, and prepared to load the gold. 

     "Then they started for the Missouri River again, and when they
     reached the spot where this grave was, a man was taken suddenly
     ill, died in a very few minutes, and they buried him there." 

     Old Joe gave a sly wink, as much as to say, "We buried the
     money with the man." 

     At this time quite a number of officers gathered around where
     the advance of the command had halted, and there may have been
     thirty or forty soldiers listening to this story; there were
     some who took it to be one of Joe's lies that he usually told
     for tobacco. 

     The colonel ordered the bugler to sound "forward." The command
     moved on and within five or six miles went into camp. But
     every man who had listened to Joe's story of this grave,
     feeling that there was some hundred thousand dollars buried
     in it, gave it a look as they passed by. 

     We moved on and went into camp. Joe was messing with me, and
     after we had supper he said, "Bill, would you like to see a
     little fun to-night?" I said, "Yes, I am in for fun or
     anything else." He said, "As soon as it gets dark you follow
     me." I said, "You bet I will follow you," thinking all the
     time that he was going back to dig this fellow up. 

     As soon as it was dark he started and motioned me to follow
     him, but, instead of going back on the trail, he went in the
     direction that we intended to go in the morning. Thinks I to
     myself, "That is good medicine, we won't go directly back on
     the trail but follow another." 

     I asked him if we did not want to take a pick and shovel with
     us, and he said, "What for?" I said, "We will need it."
     He said, "No, we won't need it; you come on." 

     When we got outside the camp he commenced to turn around to
     the left, getting back on our trail. I said, "This is all
     right." He was now going back toward the grave. We went
     about a mile on the trail and he said, "Sit down here."
     I said, "Don't we want to go on?" He said, "What for?"
     I said, "To dig that fellow up and get the money." He said,
     "The money be damned; I never saw the bloomin' grave before,"
     or something like that. I was disappointed. He said, "Wait a
     few minutes until after 'taps,' and you will see that camp
     empty itself." 

     Presently here they came, scouts, soldiers, and packers by the
     dozen, sneaking through the brush and hurrying back on the
     trail. Old Joe laid down behind this bowlder and just rolled
     with laughter to see them going to dig up the grave. 

     The next morning the boys told me that they dug up the grave
     and found some bones; they dug up a quarter of an acre of
     ground and never got the colour of a piece of gold; then they
     "tumbled." 

One of the Old American Fur Company's trappers by the name of Frazier, as often told of him around the camp-fire, was one of those athletic men who could outrun, outjump, and throw down any man among the more than a hundred with whom he associated at the time. He was the best off-hand shot in the whole crowd, and possessed of a remarkably steady nerve. He met with his death in a curious way. Once when away up the Platte he with one of his companions were hunting for game in an aspen grove. Suddenly an immense grizzly bear came ambling along about fifty yards away, evidently unaware of his enemy, man, being near him. Frazier told his comrade to take to a tree, while he would behind one of the others and kill the beast. He raised his rifle, fired, and the bullet lodged just above the bear's eye. As the ball struck him, the animal seemed intuitively to get the direction from which it came, and started for Frazier. The aspens have a very smooth, slippery bark and are very difficult to climb. Frazier failed to get high enough to be out of reach of the dying and enraged bear, and in a few minutes was a mangled mass at the foot of the tree, both he and the bear dead.

The majority of people, probably, imagine that the white man learned the art of trapping from the Indian; but the converse is the case. The savages, long before their contact with the white man, silently crept along the banks of the creeks and, caching themselves in the brush on their margin, with a patience characteristic of the race, waited for the beaver to show himself in the shallow water, or crawl on the banks, when they killed him with their stone-pointed arrows. The process was a tedious one, and they earnestly desired to know of some other method of capturing the wary little animal, so necessary in their domestic economy. So to their intense satisfaction, when the white man came among them, they saw him walk boldly along the streams and place a curious instrument in the water, which caught the beaver and held him until the trapper was ready to take him out.

With their usual shyness the Indians watched the white man's method from the underbrush skirting the margin of the creeks, and when the trapper had left, they stole his trap and carried it off to their village. A long time elapsed before the savage learned how to use the trap which had so interested him. It was not until the white man taught him that he learned how to watch the beaver at work in the pale moonlight; how to know where the beaver-houses were, the proper method of placing the trap, its peculiar bait, and then to leave it to catch the beaver.

The following story was told many years ago by George P. Belden, and it is the second instance of Indian elopement that has come under the observation of the authors of this book. It occurred some time in the early '40's.

     The Ogallallas and Brules were once the most powerful tribes
     on the plains, and were particularly friendly. The chief of
     the Brules was an old and experienced warrior. The chief of
     the Ogallallas had a son whose name was Souk. The old Brule
     frequently noticed the young Ogallalla, and seemed mightily
     pleased with him. On one or two occasions he spoke to Souk
     encouragingly, and one day went so far as to invite him to
     visit his tribe, and spend a few days at his lodge. These
     visits were often repeated, and it was during one of them
     Souk met the daughter of his friend, who was the belle of her
     tribe, and, besides her great personal charms, was esteemed
     to be the most virtuous and accomplished young woman in the
     nation. It did not take long for her to make an impression
     on the heart of Souk, and soon both the young people found
     themselves over head and ears in love with each other. 

     The Indian girl was proud of her lover, as well she might be,
     for he was only twenty-eight years of age, tall, handsome,
     good-tempered, and manly in his deportment. Besides these
     considerations in his favour, he was virtually the head of his
     tribe, and no warrior was more renowned for deeds of valour.
     A born chief, the idol of his aged father, prepossessing in
     his appearance, already the leader of his band and its chief
     warrior. He was just such a person as was likely to move the
     heart and excite the admiration of a young girl. 

     Chaf-fa-ly-a was the only daughter of the Brule chief, and
     the spoiled pet of her father. She was tall, lithe, and agile
     as an antelope. She could ride the wildest steed in her
     father's herds, and no maiden in the tribe could shoot her
     painted bow so well, so daintily braid her hair, or bead
     moccasins as nicely as Chaf-fa-ly-a. Giving all the love of
     her passionate nature to Souk, he loved her with all the
     strength of his manly heart in return. Day after day the
     lovers lingered side by side, sat under the shade of the great
     trees by the clear-running brook, or hand in hand gathered
     wild flowers in the shadows of the hills. 

     Sometimes Souk was at the village of his father, but he always
     made haste to excuse himself, and hurried back to the camp of
     the Brule chief. In truth he was never content, except when
     by the side of the bewitching Chaf-fa-ly-a. The old men knew
     of the growing attachment between their children, and seemed
     rather to encourage than to oppose it. Chaf-fa-ly-a was
     buoyantly happy, and a golden future seemed opening up before
     her. Souk often reflected how happy he would be when he and
     his darling were married; and frequently at night, when the
     stars were out, the young lovers would sit for hours and plan
     the future happiness of themselves and the people over whom
     they would rule. 

     One day Souk returned to his father's camp, and formally
     notified him of his love for Chaf-fa-ly-a, and demanded her
     in marriage. The old chief listened attentively, and at the
     close of Souk's harangue rose and struck the ground three
     times with his spear, declaring that he knew of no reason why
     his son should not be made happy, and have Chaf-fa-ly-a to
     wife. The grateful Souk was so overjoyed, that, forgetting
     his position and the rank of his chief, he fell upon his neck,
     and, kissing him again and again, actually shed tears.
     Putting him kindly aside, the father, well knowing the
     impatience of young lovers, hastily summoned three of his most
     distinguished chiefs, and said to them, "Mount your swiftest
     horses! go to the camps of the Brule, and when you have come
     to him, say, Souk, the son of his old friend, loves his only
     daughter, Chaf-fa-ly-a, and that I demand her of him in
     marriage to my son. You will also say that, according to the
     ancient customs of our tribes, I will pay to him whatever
     presents he may demand for the maiden, and that it is my
     desire, the friendship long existing between ourselves and
     our people may be cemented by the marriage of our children." 

     Bowing low, the chiefs retired, and were soon on their way to
     the Brule village, which was three days' journey distant.
     Rather than wait impatiently in the camp until the chiefs
     would return, Souk proposed to go on a short hunting excursion
     with some warrior friends to whom he could unbosom himself. 

     Meantime the chiefs had proceeded on their errand, and on
     the evening of the third day caught sight of the Brule camp.
     They were hospitably received by the venerable chief, who did
     all in his power to make them comfortable after their fatiguing
     ride. On the following morning the chief assembled his
     counsellors, and, making a great dog-feast, heard the request
     of the ambassadors. When they had done speaking, the Brule
     rose and announced his consent to the marriage, saying he was
     delighted to know that his daughter was to be the wife of
     so brave and worthy a young man as the son of his friend.
     He then dismissed the chiefs, stating that he would shortly
     send an embassy to receive the promised presents, and complete
     the arrangements for the marriage of the young couple. 

     When the chiefs returned to their camp and announced the
     result of their mission, there was great rejoicing, and Souk,
     who had cut his hunt short and returned before the chiefs, was
     now, perhaps, the happiest man in the world. There was still,
     however, one thing which greatly troubled him. He knew his
     father was very proud, and considered the honour of an
     alliance with his family so great that but few presents would
     be required to be made. On the other hand, the old Brule was
     exceedingly parsimonious, and, no doubt, would take this
     opportunity to enrich himself by demanding a great price for
     his daughter's hand. 

     Determined not to wait the pending negotiations before seeing
     his sweetheart, Souk summoned a band of his young warriors,
     and, burning with love, set out for the Brule camp. It being
     the month of June, Souk knew the old chief would have removed
     from his winter encampment to his summer hunting-grounds and
     pasture, on the Lower Platte. This would require some seven
     or eight days' more travel, and carry him through a portion of
     the territory of his enemies; but love laughs at danger, and,
     selecting eight tried companions, he set out. The evening
     of the second day brought him to the border of his father's
     dominions, and, selecting a sheltered camp by the side of a
     little stream, they determined to rest their animals for a day
     before crossing the territory of the hostile Cheyennes. 

     As soon as it was dark they saddled their horses, and,
     swimming the Upper Platte, set out to cross the enemy's lands.
     Their route lay in a southeasterly direction, and led them
     over a fine hilly country, almost destitute of wood, except in
     the deep valleys and narrow ravines. The sun had long passed
     the meridian, the horses had rested, and the travellers taken
     their midday meal, but as yet had seen nothing to indicate
     that man was anywhere in this vast region. 

     The sun was fast going down, and they were endeavouring to
     reach a good camping-ground known to several of the party,
     when suddenly, as they were descending a mountain, they saw
     below them smoke curling up, and, in the distance, two objects
     which looked like ants on the plain. From their position they
     could not see the fires from whence the smoke arose, but the
     sight of it caused them hastily to dismount and lead their
     horses under shelter of the projecting rocks, that they might
     not be discovered. 

     Two advanced on foot to reconnoitre, creeping cautiously
     round the base of the rocks, and then onward among fallen
     masses that completely screened them. At length they reached
     a point from which they beheld, about a half a mile below
     them, an encampment of over one hundred men. Three large
     fires were blazing, and while groups were gathered around
     them, others were picketing their horses, and evidently
     preparing to encamp for the night. Souk's men had not long
     been in their observatory when they saw two men riding
     furiously down the valley toward the camp, and they instantly
     surmised these were the two black spots they had seen on
     the plain, and that Souk and his party had been discovered.
     They were not long left in doubt, however, for as soon as the
     horsemen reached the camp they rode to the chief's lodge,
     commenced gesticulating wildly, and pointing toward the cliffs
     where Souk and his men were. A crowd gathered around the
     new-comers, and presently several were seen to run to their
     horses and commence saddling up. The scouts now hastily left
     their hiding-place, and hurried back to Souk, whom they
     informed of all that was occurring below. 

     Not a moment was to be lost, and, ordering his men to mount,
     Souk turned up the mountain along the path he had just come.
     He knew he had a dangerous and wily enemy to deal with,
     ten times his own in numbers, and that it would require all
     his skill to elude them, or the greatest bravery to defeat
     them, should it become necessary to fight. 

     Fortunately he knew a pass farther to the west, that was
     rarely used, and for this he pushed with all his might.
     On reaching the mountain top, and looking back, black objects
     could be seen moving rapidly up the valley, and they knew that
     the enemy was in pursuit of them. All night Souk toiled along,
     and, when the morning began to break, saw the pass he was
     seeking several miles ahead. Reaching the mountain's edge at
     sunrise, they dismounted and began the perilous descent into
     the gorge. In two hours it was accomplished, and they entered
     the sombre shadows of the great canyon. They had begun to
     feel safe, when suddenly the man in front reined up his horse
     and pointed to several pony tracks in the sand. Souk
     dismounted and examined them, and, on looking around, saw
     where the animals had been picketed, apparently, about two
     hours before. 

     Could it be possible that the enemy had reached the pass
     before him, and were waiting to attack him higher up in the
     gorge? He could hardly credit it, and yet it must be so,
     for who else could be in the lonely glen. Recollecting that
     the canyon to the right would carry him into the great pass
     some ten miles higher up, he still hoped to get through before
     the enemy reached it, and, hastily mounting, they galloped
     furiously forward. They had come in sight of the great pass,
     when, just as they were about to enter it, they saw a man
     sitting on a horse a few hundred yards ahead of them, and
     directly in the trail. On observing the Ogallallas,
     the horseman gave the Cheyenne war-whoop, and, in a moment,
     a dozen other mounted men appeared in rear of the first. 

     Grasping his spear, Souk shouted his war-whoop, and, ordering
     his men to charge, dashed down upon the enemy. Plunging his
     spear into the nearest foe, he drew his battle-axe and clove
     open the head of the one in the rear, and before his comrades
     could come up with him had unhorsed a third. A shout down
     the great canyon caused Souk to hurriedly look that way, when
     he saw about fifty warriors galloping toward him. He now knew
     he had reached the pass ahead of the main body, and encountered
     only the scouts of the Cheyennes. Ordering his men to push on
     up the pass to the great valley beyond, he, with his two
     companions, remained behind to cover their retreat. On coming
     to their dead and wounded warriors, the Cheyennes halted and
     held a conference, while Souk and his friends leisurely
     pursued their journey. In the gorge in which he then was,
     Souk knew ten men were as good as a hundred, and he was in no
     hurry to leave the friendly shelter of the rocks. Taking up
     a position behind a sharp butte, he fortified the place, and
     quietly waited for the Cheyennes. Hour after hour passed, but
     they did not appear. The shadows of evening were beginning
     to creep into the ravines, and several of Souk's party were
     anxious to quit their retreat and continue their journey,
     confident that the Cheyennes had returned to their camp; but
     the wily young Sioux told them to be patient, and he would
     inform them when it was time to go. The evening deepened into
     twilight, the moon rose over the peaks and stood overhead,
     indicating that it was midnight, but still Souk would not go.
     His men had begun to grumble, when suddenly a noise was heard
     in the gorge below, and presently voices and the tramp of
     horses could be distinguished. Souk ordered four of his men
     to mount and be ready to leap the rude rock breastworks when
     he gave them notice, and to cheer and shout as lustily as
     possible. He then lay down with the other four, and waited
     for the foe. To his delight he noticed, as the Cheyennes
     came up, many of them were dismounted and leading their ponies.
     They came within a few feet of the barricade before they
     perceived it, and then Souk and his comrades commenced a rapid
     discharge of arrows into their midst. Three or four shots had
     been fired before the Cheyennes knew what the matter was, or
     where the whizzing shafts came from. Then Souk shouted his
     battle-cry, and the four mounted Sioux, repeating it from
     behind the butte, dashed over the barricade and charged the
     enemy, who broke and fled in the utmost confusion down the
     gorge. In a moment Souk, with his remaining Sioux, was
     mounted and after them. The animals of the Cheyennes broke
     loose from some of the dismounted warriors before they could
     mount, and left them on foot. Several hid among the rocks,
     but Souk overtook and killed four. The pursuit was kept up
     for nearly five miles, when Souk turned back and hastily
     continued his journey to the Brule camp, where he arrived in
     safety on the evening of the seventh day. 

     He was kindly received by the father of his prospective bride,
     and given a dozen fine lodges for himself and friends.
     The meeting between Souk and his sweetheart was as tender as
     that of lovers could be, and now, that they were once together,
     both were perfectly happy. Near the Brule encampment were
     some mountain vines covered with flowers, and here Souk and
     Chaf-fa-ly-a each day spent hour after hour in sweet communion
     with each other. The stream was dotted for miles with hundreds
     of richly painted teepees; thousands of horses and ponies were
     constantly to be seen grazing in the green valley, and scores
     of warriors in their gay and various-coloured costumes galloped
     to and fro among the villages. It was a pleasant sight at the
     home of the old Brule, and one that filled their young hearts
     with pride and joy, for all these herds and people were one
     day to be theirs. 

     After lingering a month in the camp, the old Brule announced
     to Souk he was about to send the chiefs to receive the
     presents for Chaf-fa-ly-a's hand, and if the young man and
     his friends wished to return home it would be a favourable
     opportunity for them to do so. Souk took the hint and made
     preparations accordingly. 

     By the advice of the old chief, the party took another route,
     and, although it was two days longer, it brought them in
     safety to the Ogallalla encampment. 

     At Souk's request, his father immediately assembled the
     council, and the negotiations for Chaf-fa-ly-a's hand began.
     An aged Brule made the first speech, expatiating on the power
     of his chief, the richness of his tribe, and the beauty of
     Chaf-fa-ly-a. This was followed by an Ogallalla, who dwelt
     at length upon the power of his chief, his rank, and age, and
     upon the nobleness, bravery, and skill of Souk. Several other
     speeches were made on each side, in which the young man and
     woman were alternately praised, and the glory of their fathers
     extolled to the skies. The council then adjourned until the
     following day, the important point of the conference—the price
     of the lady's hand—not having been touched upon at all. 

     Next day the conference continued, and toward evening the
     Brule chiefs, after having spoken a great deal, abruptly
     demanded fifty horses and two hundred ponies as the price
     for Chaf-fa-ly-a. 

     The friends of Souk were a good deal surprised at the
     extravagant demand of the Brule, it being about three times
     more than they expected to give. Souk's father could not
     conceal his indignation, and, saying he would give but
     twenty-five horses and one hundred ponies, adjourned the
     council, directing the Brule chiefs to return home and inform
     their venerable head of his decision. 

     Souk returned to his lodge with a heavy heart, for he clearly
     foresaw trouble, and that his love, like all other "true loves,"
     was not to run smoothly. Summoning his friends, he desired
     them to make as many presents as possible to the Brule chiefs,
     and before they started he added five horses of his own,
     hoping by this liberality to secure their good-will. He also
     caused them to be secretly informed, that if they could induce
     the Brule chief to accept his father's offer, he would, on the
     day of his marriage, present to each of them a fine horse. 

     Before leaving the Brule camp, Souk and Chaf-fa-ly-a had vowed
     a true lover's vow, that, come what would of the council, they
     would be faithful to each other, and die rather than break
     their plighted troth. Souk had also promised his betrothed
     he would return in the fall and make her his wife, with or
     without the consent of the tribes. 

     As the summer months wore away, and no word was received from
     the Brule camp, Souk became each day more restless, and
     finally, calling together a few friends, started once more for
     the Brule's home. 

     He was received most cordially by the old chief, and, as
     before, given most hospitable entertainment. Often, however,
     he thought he detected sadness on the old man's face, and on
     questioning Chaf-fa-ly-a as to the cause of her father's
     trouble, the poor girl burst into tears and confessed she was
     about to be sacrificed for her father's good. She said that
     the Cheyenne chief, with whom her father had long been at war,
     had asked her hand, and promised, on receiving her as one of
     his wives, to cease from warring with the Sioux. Her father,
     actuated by a desire to do his people and friends good, had,
     after the refusal of Souk's father to furnish the required
     presents, given the Cheyenne a promise, and they were to be
     married the following year, when the grass grew green on the
     earth. The old chief preferred greatly to have Souk for a
     son-in-law, but he wished also to serve his people and old
     friends. The treaty was to be binding on the Cheyennes, for
     the Ogallallas as well as the Brules, and therefore Souk and
     his father would be greatly benefited by her marriage to the
     Cheyennes. 

     This astounding intelligence came near upsetting Souk's better
     judgment, and for a while he was nearly demented. Taking the
     fond girl in his arms, he swore, rather than see her the wife
     of the hated Cheyenne, he would spill both his own and her
     blood, and they would go to the happy hunting-grounds together.
     Chaf-fa-ly-a begged him to be calm, and she would make her
     escape with him and fly to his people. It was agreed that
     early in the spring, before the encampment moved to its summer
     pastures, Souk, with a chosen band, should come over the
     mountains, and in the confusion, when the tribe was on its
     march, they would seize a favourable opportunity to escape
     into the mountains, from which they could make their way to
     Souk's father and implore his protection. 

     Cautioning him, even by a look, not to betray any knowledge
     of her engagement to the Cheyenne, the lovers parted, and next
     day Souk set out for his home, apparently utterly indifferent
     as to the result of the negotiations for his marriage. 

     Slowly the winter months dragged along, and to the impatient
     Souk they seemed interminable; but at length the water began
     to come down from the mountains, and the ice grew soft on the
     streams. As soon as he saw these indications of returning
     spring, Souk called his bravest friends together and set out
     from the camp. He did not tell any one where he was going,
     and it was only when they began to ascend the mountains that
     they suspected they were on the way to the Brule camp.
     In eight days they descended the plain into the old chief's home. 

     He was greatly astonished to see Souk, for he believed it
     impossible at that season of the year for any one to cross
     the mountain. However, he gave Souk and his friends a hearty
     welcome, and again provided them with everything they needed. 

     Next day the chief rode down the river to prepare the camps
     for moving, and Souk and Chaf-fa-ly-a, being left alone in the
     camp, had all the opportunity they desired for laying their
     plans. Chaf-fa-ly-a said the camp would move in four days,
     and that in the meantime they must make every preparation for
     their flight. There was one horse in the herd, she said, that
     was the swiftest in the tribe, and he must be either killed or
     she would ride him. Her father had always objected to her
     mounting this animal because he was so vicious; but, now that
     he was away, it would be a good time for her to ride the animal,
     and show to her father that she was a better horsewoman than
     he thought. Once upon him, she could pretend a fondness for
     the beast, and thus secure him to ride on the trip. Souk
     agreed to all she said, and the wild horse was at once sent for.
     He reared and plunged fearfully, but at length he was conquered,
     and Chaf-fa-ly-a mounted his back. Souk rode by her side, and
     they galloped down the river to meet the old chief, who they
     knew must by that time be returning homeward, as it was nearly
     evening. They soon met him, and when he saw his daughter on
     the wild horse, he was greatly surprised, but not displeased,
     for all Indians are proud of their horsemanship. Cautioning
     her to be very careful and hold him fast, Souk, the old chief,
     and Chaf-fa-ly-a rode back to the village together. 

     Next day Chaf-fa-ly-a again rode the wild horse, and in the
     evening slyly extracted a promise from her father that she
     should be permitted to ride him when the village changed its
     camping-ground. 

     On the morning of the fourth day the herds were gathered,
     the teepees pulled down, and the village commenced its march
     to the summer pastures. The men had got the herds fairly on
     the way, and the sun was just tipping the icy peaks of the
     mountains, when Souk and Chaf-fa-ly-a mounted their steeds and
     galloped swiftly forward. Chaf-fa-ly-a rode the wild horse,
     and Souk was mounted on a splendid stallion. All of Souk's
     warriors had been sent the day before to Pole Creek, a day in
     advance, under the pretence of hunting. 

     Riding on until they reached the head of the herd, they were
     about to pass, when the herders informed the young couple that
     it was the chief's orders no one should go ahead of the herd
     and they could proceed no farther. Giving the men a pleasant
     reply, Chaf-fa-ly-a said she was only trying the mettle of her
     horse, and at once turned back. They had gone but a little
     distance when they entered the sand-hills, and, making a wide
     circuit, came out far in advance of the herd. They were now
     on the banks of a little lake, and, giving their horses full
     rein, sped by its clear waters. 

     Long before night the young people reached Pole Creek and
     found Souk's warriors. He hastily explained to them what had
     happened, and, charging them to remain, and if possible draw
     the enemy from the trail, Souk and his sweetheart again set
     forward. 

     One of the warriors who remained behind was to personate a
     woman, and, if possible, make the old chief's people think he
     was Chaf-fa-ly-a. Souk said he knew a pass through the Black
     Hills that would bring them to his father's country two days
     sooner than by any other route, and, although the way was
     somewhat dangerous, they must take all risks and depend on
     the swiftness of their horses for their escape. 

     All night they rode on, and at sunrise halted on the top of
     a high hill to breakfast on cold roast antelope and wild
     artichokes. Chaf-fa-ly-a's horse bore her light weight
     without seeming fatigued, but Souk was heavy and his steed
     began to show signs of distress. 

     Far in the distance they could see the blue line of the gap
     that still lay between them and safety; and, hurriedly
     refreshing themselves from a spring of pure water, they again
     set out, hoping to reach it before night. 

     It was near sundown when they began to ascend the high ridge
     that led into the gap, and they had just reached the crest
     when Chaf-fa-ly-a, scanning the valley below them, descried
     horsemen following on their trail. They had hoped they were
     not yet discovered, and under cover of night might still reach
     the pass in safety, but the horsemen soon divided, and one
     half went up the valley, while the others continued to follow
     the trail. Souk knew in a moment that those who went up the
     valley were going to head them off, and, although they had
     nearly double the distance to ride, their road was comparatively
     smooth, while Souk's lay along precipices and over crags.
     Calling to Chaf-fa-ly-a that they must now ride for their
     lives, Souk whipped up the horses, and they began to climb
     rapidly the rugged pathway. 

     All night they pushed along, and at daylight found themselves
     quite near the pass. Souk scanned the valley through the
     hazy light, but could detect no traces of the Brule people.
     He began to hope that they had not yet arrived, and spoke
     encouragingly to Chaf-fa-ly-a, who, pale with fatigue, now sat
     upon her horse like a statue. Descending into the deep canyon,
     Souk directed Chaf-fa-ly-a to ride rapidly for the pass, while
     he followed close in the rear, ready to attack the enemy that
     might appear. They had gone about half a mile, and were just
     entering the jaws of the great gorge, when a cry of distress
     rose from the lips of the girl, and, looking to his right,
     Souk saw about twenty Brules rapidly closing on the pass.
     The noble girl whipped up her horse, and, darting forward like
     an arrow, shot through the pass full fifty yards ahead of the
     foremost Brule warrior. 

     Souk grasped his battle-axe, and, reaching the pass just as
     the first Brule came up, struck his horse on the head,
     dropping him on the ground and sending the rider rolling over
     the rocks. The second warrior, seeing the fate of his
     companion, swerved his steed to one side and strove to pass
     Souk, but he quickly drew his bow and drove an arrow through
     the horse behind the fore-shoulder, causing him to drop to his
     knees and fling his rider on the ground. 

     The lovers were now ahead of all of their pursuers, and,
     urging their gallant steeds to their utmost, they soon had
     the satisfaction of hearing the shouts of the Brules dying in
     the distance behind them. In an hour they halted, refreshed
     themselves, and rested their horses. In the distance they
     could see the Brules halting by a stream, and apparently
     resting also. The lovers were the first to move on, and,
     when once in the saddle, they lost no time. 

     It was past noon when Souk saw some objects several miles off
     to the left, and soon made them out to be part of the Brules,
     who were making for the river, to cut him off from the ford.
     The race was a long one, but the lovers won it, and crossed
     in safety. 

     On the third day they entered the great mountains and drew
     near the borders of the country of Souk's father. At sunset
     they crossed a little creek, which Souk pointed out to
     Chaf-fa-ly-a as the boundary of the Ogallalla lands. Riding
     forward a dozen miles, they halted in a wild, mountainous
     region, and, for the first time since starting, prepared to
     take some rest. Souk comforted Chaf-fa-ly-a with the
     assurance that another day would take them to his home, and
     that they were now well out of danger. 

     A sheltered spot was selected for their camp, near a stream,
     and while Souk gathered some sticks to make a small fire, his
     bride walked down to the water's edge. He saw her turn up the
     stream, and in a moment more she was lost from view. The fire
     was soon lighted, and Souk busy preparing the evening meal,
     when suddenly he heard a fearful shriek at no great distance. 

     Seizing his battle-axe, he rushed toward the spot from whence
     the sound proceeded, but could see no one. Calling the name
     of his bride, he dashed forward through the thicket, but could
     see or hear nothing of her. He called loudly again, but
     received no response. The silence was agonizing, and he
     listened for several moments, when he heard the crackling of
     some branches in the distance. He rushed frantically to the
     spot, but his career was quickly stopped by an object on the
     ground. It was the torn and now bloody mantle of his beloved.
     The mystery was in part explained—she had retired to this
     secluded spot to offer up a prayer to the Great Spirit for
     their safe deliverance, and, as was her custom, had taken off
     her mantle and spread it on the earth. On this she had knelt,
     when a grizzly bear, that terrible beast of the Rocky Mountains,
     had rushed upon her and killed her before she could utter a
     second cry. His huge paws were deeply imprinted on the sand,
     and the trail along which he had dragged his victim was
     distinctly visible. Souk, taking the rent garment, plunged
     into the brushwood. 

     He crossed the thicket in several directions, but in vain;
     it was dark, and he could not follow the trail. He returned
     to the camp in a frame of mind bordering on despair. Raising
     his hand to heaven, he swore by the great Wa-con Ton-ka to
     track the beast to his den and slay him, or perish in the
     conflict. It seemed to him an age before the light appeared,
     but at length the gray streamers began to streak the east, and
     Souk was on the trail. Again and again he lost it, but the
     growing light enabled him to find it, and he pushed on.
     He found the lair half a mile out, where the beast had eaten
     a part of his beloved, and, as he looked at the blood-stains
     on the ground, his brain seemed about to burst from his skull.
     Pieces of garments were left on some of the bushes where the
     bear had dragged the body along. Far up into the mountains
     Souk followed the trail, but at length lost it among the rocks.
     All day he hunted for it in vain, and when night came he
     returned to his camp. He expected the enemy had come up
     during his absence, but he found the horses where he had left
     them, and the camp undisturbed. How he wished the Brules
     would come and kill him. He cursed himself, and wished to die,
     but could not. Then he slept, how long he knew not, but the
     sun was far up in the heavens and shining brightly when he awoke. 

     Mounting one of the horses, and leading the other, he started
     at full speed. He wished to leave as quickly as possible, and
     forever, the cursed spot that had witnessed the destruction of
     all his earthly happiness. It afforded him some relief to
     ride fast, and he dashed onward, he neither knew nor cared
     where. His well-trained steed took the road for him, and as
     the evening shadows were beginning to creep over the valley,
     he saw far ahead the teepees of his father's village.
     He lashed his horse and rode like a madman into the town.
     His faithful warriors had returned, but they hardly knew their
     beloved young chief, so changed was he. At the door of his
     father's lodge his brave horse fell dead, and Souk rolled over
     on the ground insensible. 

     He was carefully lifted up and laid on his own bed, where for
     many days he remained in a raging fever, at times delirious,
     and calling wildly on the name of Chaf-fa-ly-a. Little by
     little he recovered, and at length went about the village
     again, but he hardly ever spoke to any one; and for years
     the Brules and Ogallallas never visited each other. 

In the early days the celebrated Kit Carson and Lucien B. Maxwell trapped on every tributary of the Platte and Yellowstone, long before they joined General Fremont's first exploring expedition as principal scouts and guides in company with Jim Bridger, Jim Baker, and others.

In the early '40's, Kit Carson as the leader, with a hundred subordinates, organized a party of trappers to operate upon the Yellowstone and its many tributaries. The Blackfeet, upon whose ground the men were to encroach, were bitter enemies of the whites, and it was well known that serious difficulties with those savages could not be avoided, so Carson prepared his plans for considerable fighting. He assigned one half his followers to the work of trapping exclusively, while the remainder were to attend to the camp duties and vigilantly guard it.

As Carson, on many previous occasions, had had tussles with the hostile Blackfeet, he was not at all disinclined to meet them again on their own ground; and as he felt doubly strong with such a large party of old mountaineers, he rather hoped that the savages would attack him, as he wished to settle some ancient scores with them.

Carson was, however, disappointed that season, and he could not at first understand why the Blackfeet had left him so severely alone; but he found out, later, that the smallpox had decimated them, and they were only too glad to retire to their mountain fastnesses, completely humbled, and hide in terror hoping to escape further attacks of the dreaded disease.

Carson and his party spent the winter in that region with the friendly Crows, passing a delightful season, with an abundance of food, living in the comfortable buffalo-skin lodges of the tribe, and joining in their many amusements.

While there was no lack of provisions for the party in the village of the kind-hearted Crows, their horses suffered greatly. The earth was covered with deep snow, and Carson and his trappers were kept busy every day gathering willow twigs and cottonwood bark to sustain the life of the animals. Great herds of buffalo, driven to the locality by the severity of the weather, and depending, too, upon the timber for their sustenance, made it even harder work to supply the horses.

On the opening of spring, Carson and his party commenced to trap again, and returning to the fruitful country of the hostile Blackfeet, they learned that the tribe had completely recovered from the visitation of the smallpox of the previous year. Some bands were camped near the trapping- ground, and were in excellent condition, spoiling for a fight with the whites.

Upon discovering the state of affairs, Carson and five of his most determined men set out on a reconnoitring expedition. They found the site of the Blackfeet village, and, hurrying back to camp, a party of forty- three was selected, with Carson as leader. The remainder were to follow on with their baggage, and if it should become necessary when they came up to the savages to assist them; Carson and his brave followers marched ahead, eager for a fight.

It did not require a very long time to overtake the savages, who had commenced to move their village; and making a sudden charge among them, Carson and his men killed ten of the savages at the first fire. The Blackfeet immediately rallied and began to retreat in good order. The whites were in excellent spirits over the result of the first dash and followed it up for more than three hours; then, their ammunition running low, their firing became less rapid, and they had to exercise the greatest caution. At this juncture the savages suspected the reason that the white men had moderated their attack, and, with most demoniacal yells, they rallied, and charged with such force that Carson and his men were obliged to retreat.

Now, in the charge of the Indians, the trappers could use their pistols with great effect, and the savages were again driven back. Again they rallied, however, and in such increased numbers that they forced Carson and his men once more to retreat.

During the last rally of the Indians, the horse of one of the trappers was killed, and fell with its whole weight on its rider. Six warriors immediately rushed forward to scalp the unfortunate man. Seeing his helpless condition, Carson rushed to his assistance, jumped from his horse, placed himself in front of his fallen companion, and shouting at the same instant for his men to rally around him, shot the foremost warrior dead with his unerring rifle.

Several of the trappers quickly responded to Carson's call, and the remaining five savages were compelled to dash off, without the coveted scalp of the fallen white man, but only two of them ever regained their places in the ranks of their brother braves, for three well-directed shots dropped them dead in their tracks.

Carson's horse had run away, so, as his comrade was now saved, he mounted behind one of the men who had come when he called for help, and rode back to the rest of his command. Then, being thoroughly exhausted, both parties ceased firing by mutual consent, each waiting for the other to renew hostilities.

While indulging in this armistice, the other trappers came up with the camp equipage. The savages showed no fear at this addition to the force of the enemy, but, calmly covering themselves among the detached rocks a little distance from the battle-ground, quietly awaited the expected onslaught.

With the fresh supply his companions had brought, Carson cautiously advanced on foot with re-enforcements to dislodge the savages from their cover. The battle was renewed with increased vigour, but the whites eventually scattered the savages in all directions.

It was a complete victory for the trappers, as they had killed a great many of the Blackfeet warriors, and wounded a larger number, while their own loss aggregated but three men killed and only a few severely wounded.

Now that the battle was ended, the trappers camped on the ground where the bloody engagement occurred, buried the dead, tended the wounded, and, from that time on, pursued their vocation throughout the whole Blackfeet country without fear of molestation, so salutary had been the chastisement of the impudent savages. The latter took good care, ever afterward, to keep out of the way of the intrepid Carson, having had enough of him to last the rest of their lives.

During the battle with Carson's trappers, the Blackfeet had sent their women and children on in advance; and, when the engagement had ended, and the discomfited warriors, so much reduced in number, returned without one scalp, the big skin lodge, which had been erected for the prospective war- dance, was occupied by the wounded savages, and the hatred for the whites among the tribe was intensified to the last degree of bitterness.

After the season's ending, which had been very successful, Carson engaged himself as hunter, at the fort of the American Fur Company on the South Platte; and as game of all kinds—deer, elk, and antelope— was abundant, the duty was a delightful one.

The following spring, Carson, in conjunction with Bridger, Baker, and other famous plainsmen, trapped on all the affluents of the Platte, and camped for the following winter in the Blackfeet country, without seeing any of his enemies until spring had again made its rounds. He and his men then discovered that they were near one of the Blackfeet's greatest strongholds.

Upon this forty men, with Carson as the leader, were chosen to give them battle. They found the Indians, to the number of several hundred, and charged upon them. They met with a brave resistance, and the battle continued until darkness put an end to the fight, when both whites and savages retired. At the first sign of dawn Carson and his party prepared for a renewal of the conflict, but not an Indian was to be seen. They had fled, taking away with them their dead and wounded.

Carson and his followers returned to their camp and held a council of war, at which it was decided that as the band they had whipped would report the affair to the chiefs of the several villages, the terrible loss they had sustained would inspire all the warriors to make a united effort to wipe out the trappers. The savages knew where their camp was established, so it would be wise to prepare for another grand battle on the same ground, by looking to their defences. To that end sentinels were posted on a lofty hill near by, breastworks were thrown up under Carson's supervision, and the utmost precaution taken to guard against a surprise.

One morning the sentinel on the top of the mountain announced by signals that the Indians were on the move; but the little fortification was already completed, and the anxious trappers coolly awaited the approach of the savages.

Slowly the redskins in full war-paint gathered around the sequestered camp, and more than a thousand warriors had congregated within half a mile of the trappers' breastwork in three days.

Dressed in their fancy bonnets, and hideously bedaubed with yellow and vermilion streaks across their foreheads and on each cheek, armed with bows, tomahawks, and long lances, they presented a formidable-looking front to the small number of whites. The trappers kept cool, however; every man clutched his rifle, determined to sell his life only at fearful cost to the confident savages.

They commenced one of their horrible war-dances right in sight and hearing of the trappers, and at dawn the following day they advanced toward the little fortification, carefully prepared for a concerted attack.

Carson cautioned his men to reserve their fire until the Indians were near enough to make sure that every shot would count; but the savages, seeing how effectively the trappers had intrenched themselves, retired after firing a few harmless shots, and went into camp a mile distant. Finally they separated into two bands, leaving the whites a breathing-spell. The latter were well aware an encounter must necessarily be of a most desperate character.

The Indians had evidently recognized Carson, who had so frequently severely punished them, and they made no further attempt to molest the trappers, much to the relief of the beleaguered men.

Jim Cockrell,[73] as he was known in the mountains, was one of the earliest of the old trappers. He left his home in Missouri in the spring of 1822, and started for the heart of the Rocky Mountains, with a single packhorse to carry his camp equipage, and a single riding-horse. He trapped by himself for more than two years. In a short time that terrible loneliness which comes to all men, for man is a gregarious animal, was experienced in all its horrors by this isolated trapper. Like all men of his class at that time, he was exceedingly superstitious. He wanted somebody to talk to, and in the absence of a possibility of finding one of his own kind, his greatest desire was for a dog, a true friend under all circumstances. He says that he prayed long and earnestly for the fulfilment of his wish. To his surprise on awaking one morning from the night's sleep he saw a dog lying on his robes alongside of him. Remote from all civilization and far from any Indian camp, he never, to the day of his death, had the slightest idea how the dog came to him; but no one could ever disabuse his mind of his belief that Providence had answered his appeal.

The youthful trapper avoided the Indians as much as possible, for, tenderfoot as he was at first, he knew well that they would harass him in every possible way, in order to drive him from a region which was their elysium. He found it an easy matter, after he became acquainted with their habits, to keep out of their sight. In a short time, also, he was under a sort of protection of Peg Leg Smith, who lived with his Indian wife near Soda Springs, now in Idaho.

James Cockrell was over six feet high, very hospitable, generous and kind to friends, but decidedly outspoken to his enemies. After having accumulated some money by trapping, he returned to Missouri, lived upon a fine farm, and died at a ripe old age.

Peg Leg Smith was a famous trapper, and after marrying a squaw of the Shoshone tribe, who proved to be a very efficient partner in preparing the pelts of the animals he had caught, he made a great deal of money.

He was very fond of whiskey and generally full of it, particularly while remaining in the settlements, and would have his fun if he had to make it for himself. In the early '30's, Peg Leg Smith came down from his mountain home, sold his season's trapping, then put up at the Nolan House at Independence, Missouri, for a general good time. In a very few hours he was drunk, and remained in that condition for some time. After he had been at the hotel a week, the clerk put his bill under the door of his room, simply to let him know the amount of his account. When Smith saw it he determined to have some fun out of it. He went down to the office apparently in a perfect rage, and holding the account up to the clerk, said he was grossly insulted; "here's this paper stuck under my door, and it's one of the greatest insults that I have ever received." Smith kept on talking in this wild strain for a few moments, until he arrested the attention of every one in the bar-room. The poor clerk tried to pacify him, but, failing completely, sent for Mr. Nolan, the proprietor, who, coming in, tried to reason with Smith, but all in vain. Finally, Smith in great indignation called for his horse. It was a fine animal, as he always rode the best that could be procured. Upon this demand the landlord told him to pay his bill and he could have his horse. He went back to his room, procured his gun, and started for the stable, which was about fifty yards from the house. The hostler had already been ordered not to let him have the animal and to lock the stable door. Peg Leg on reaching the stable demanded his horse, but he was refused. He raised his gun and shot the lock all to pieces. The fellows who were looking on screamed with laughter and made fun, greatly to the mortification of Nolan. Smith then told the hostler to take good care of his horse, and, his apparent indignation changing to a smile, he walked back to the house. Then he invited every one up to the bar and spent twenty or thirty dollars before he left for his room.[74]