A Relic of the Revolution - Chapters 8-12



CHAPTER VIII.
MORE PRISONERS.--HEARS FROM HOME.--SUSPICION.--A HOT PRESS.--1500 SEAMEN 
WANTED.--NEWS FROM AMERICA.--DISAGREEABLE COMPANY.--DESTITUTION OF THE 
PRISONERS.--DIGGING, AND DETECTION.--A PIOUS WISH.--TWENTY YEARS OF AGE.--
MOURNFUL REFLECTION.--LETTER FROM BILBOA.--BAD BREAD.--UNPLEASANT 
REFLECTIONS.--KING'S SPEECH.--BOLD PROJECT.--FAILURE.--REPORTS.--
STRICTNESS OF THE GUARD.--SUSPICION.--PRIVATION FROM THE GOSPEL.--
PRISONERS THREATENED.--VOLUNTARY SACRIFICE.--GOOD NEWS REPORTED.--DETAIL 
OF GENERAL BURGOYNE'S DEFEAT.--WASHINGTON AND HOWE.

OCTOBER 20. There has been a prospect of a French war ever since we have 
been taken, but now I believe it is inevitable.

21. To-day we have drawn new hammocks, which are nearly a foot shorter 
than those we had before, on account of the hanging of them being altered.

22. To-day the remainder of the prisoners came on shore to the prison, and 
among them is a young man belonging to one of the schooner Hawk's prizes. 
This young man formerly lived with Thomas Tennant, of Newbury. From him I 
obtained intelligence of the health of my father and brother, and many 
other friends. It is a great satisfaction to me to hear from home, though 
it is very uncertain whether or not I ever see it.

23. Wet weather.

24. Warm and pleasant.

25. King Charles' restoration day. The garrison, fort, and each ship in 
the harbor, in commission, fired a salute. We are told that twelve sail of 
the line have been put in commission within a few days. We learn that 
there are suspicions that a French fleet has gone to the West Indies. To-
day a large ship came in here in distress, having carried away her main-
mast and mizen-topmast.

26. It is eleven months to-day since we left Portsmouth.

27. Last night two prisoners, Cutter and Morris, made their escape from 
the prison hospital; also to-day another prisoner ran the gantlet for 
stealing a penny loaf from one of the prisoners.

28. We are informed that two sentries, who were knowing to those two 
prisoners making their escape, are confined upon suspicion, and one of 
them has turned King's evidence, and informed of the other.

29. Cold and windy weather.

30. A bad storm, so that we keep house all day, except when we get out to 
draw our provisions.

31. Pleasant and warm, for the season.

November 1. We are informed that a few days ago, in a storm, a ship 
appeared, at a small distance from land, and gave a signal of distress, 
and in about ten hours was not to be seen; it is supposed she foundered.

2. We are informed that there is as hot a press now going on as ever was 
known in England; and that fifteen hundred seamen are wanted immediately, 
to fit out a fleet.

3. We have a paper, dated the 21st of last month, wherein is an account of 
General Burgoyne's losing two thousand men, besides a number taken 
prisoners.

5. To-day is Gunpowder Treason, and they make but little account of it 
compared with what I expected. To-day a boy ran the gantlet, for stealing.

6. To-day some prisoners, in a separate prison, who have been trying for 
some time to make their escape by digging out, were discovered by the 
guard.

7. We have a paper wherein are several fine pieces in behalf of America, 
which I hope will prove of advantage, as the Parliament is to set about 
the 15th or 20th of this month ; I am persuaded that the American affairs 
will be called up as the first question, and the subject of the most 
importance.

8. Two ships-of-war dropped down into the Sound, in order for sailing.

9. Sunday. Somewhat cold, and there are a great many in prison who have 
neither shoes nor stockings for their feet, and scarcely a jacket or shirt 
for their back: these must inevitably suffer, if not perish, this winter, 
with cold, if not supplied with clothing. As to myself, I have enough to 
keep me comfortable as to clothes, which is more than two-thirds in prison 
have; for many have been obliged to sell their clothes to buy provisions.

10. To-day six persons, in a separate prison, as they were at work in a 
drain under ground, digging out, were discovered by the guard, and caught 
in the drain, and carried to the Black-hole.

11. Two of the turnkeys, who used to tend the doors and gates, have been 
discharged; I suppose on suspicion of their being too good friends to us.

12. To-day an American captain, belonging to Manchester, who was taken in 
a merchantman, came to see us. He is set at liberty, and is bound home. 
Several in prison sent letters by him, but we could not write a true 
account, because our letters were examined.

13. Wet weather. Our yard, which was a pleasant spot when we came into it, 
is now nearly a mud pond in wet weather, and in dry a dust heap.

14. This morning, as some in prison were at work, trying to dig out, the 
guard came in and found the hole; and when they came to turn us out, there 
were one or two who did not move so soon as they wanted them to do, and 
they struck and abused them; afterwards, when one of the prisoners went to 
one of the prison windows to look for something, the sentry in the prison 
yard saw him and struck him over the back, and broke his bayonet.

15. It is twelve months to-day since we sailed from Newburyport. I hope 
the Lord in whom we ought to trust, will, in his own good time, deliver us 
out of the hands of our enemies, and return us to a free country, - which 
would be a day of good fortune, a day of agreeable surprise and great joy. 
Then would I say -

Thrice happy youth, though destitute and poor,
These are my restoration days;
The Lord, who brought me out, I'm sure
Can teach me how his name to praise.

16. Sunday. Pleasant for the season of the year.

17. This day I am twenty years of age. I have often read in authors of 
some great transaction to be laid open to the world in the year 1777, and 
I have been looking for it, in hope of seeing the event; but, alas! little 
did I think that at the age of twenty years I should have spent almost a 
twelvemonth of my time a prisoner.

18. It has been reported for several days past, that Philadelphia is 
taken. I believe I may assert with truth, that since we have been taken, 
we have heard fifty times that Philadelphia was taken, and often I have 
seen it in the papers, and many people believe it. It is in this manner 
that the poor and common people in England are blinded, by false reports; 
and some of the gentlemen of Plymouth hired the sexton to ring the bells, 
for rejoicing.

19. Captain Lee received a letter from Bilboa, and had an offer of being 
supplied with money. This letter informs us that Mr. Stevanson, Captain 
Lee's lieutenant, who made his escape from prison on the 21st of 
September, has arrived safe in Bilboa.

20. This morning William Moody, a Newbury man, taken with Captain Tileston 
about nine months ago, came to see us. He has got invalided, and intends 
to make the best of his way home.

21. We are told that six more large ships have been put in commission.

22. Our bread to-day is intolerably bad; it appears to us as though it was 
made of the grain of malt, or chopped straw: there are straws in it an 
inch long, and it is so bully and tough, that it is scarcely fit for a 
beast to eat. We complained of it, and were told if we would put up with 
it to-day we should have no more such.

23. Sunday. There are so many men in the prison, and so few books, that, 
in general, we are but poorly employed

24. We hear that there has a packet arrived from America, but we shall not 
learn what news she brings, until their contents have been to London and 
refined.

25. We hear that Captain Thompson, of the Bailey frigate, is now in France.

26. It is twelve months to-day since we sailed from Portsmouth. It is 
enough to vex the spirit of any man, to think that such a number of men 
should be thrown away, and brought into trouble through the misconduct of 
one man. If there had been good conduct on board of our vessel, we should 
have made up our cruise in twenty-four hours from the time we were taken; 
for, that same night, in a few hours after we were taken, the Reasonable 
spoke twelve or fifteen sail of transports bound to America, and their 
convoy had thrown their guns overboard in a storm.

27. We are informed that the King's Speech is in the papers, and that he 
is resolved to carry on the war with America, at all hazards.

28. For the two months past I have received ten shillings for boxes. Ever 
since about ten days after I came to prison, I have bought myself a 
breakfast of bread and milk, every morning it was to be had; and of late I 
have had potatoes to eat with my meat almost every day, which, I am sorry 
to say, is more than two thirds in prison can get.

29. To-day I had an opportunity of reading the King's Speech to the House 
of Lords, on the 20th of this month, in which he acknowledges that he is 
much grieved at the great expense the nation is at in this war; but he 
hopes that the Parliament will assist him still in carrying it on with 
vigor.

30. Sunday. Last evening, it being very dark and stormy, we were in 
general resolved to put in execution a plan proposed - to dig out at the 
back side of the prison, seize the sentry, confine him, and carry him out 
of call, but not to hurt him. Upon breaking ground, they unexpectedly saw 
a lamp placed near the hole, which gave light all round, so that they 
thought it impracticable to put their design into execution. I think if it 
had been otherwise, nearly two thirds in prison would have gone out. I got 
myself dressed and ready, and was in hopes of getting out, but to my 
sorrow, I find myself still in Mill Prison.

December 1. I had an opportunity of hearing the paper read, which gives an 
account of General Lee being exchanged; but for my own part, I do not 
expect we shall be exchanged before the conclusion of the war, unless 
France and Spain declare war, which to appearance, cannot be avoided.

2. We are informed that two packets have lately arrived, and confirm the 
reports that Philadelphia is taken. Also, they have reported that the 
Amercans have blown up an English seventy-four, which was attempting to go 
up to Philadelphia.

3. This morning the guard discovered another hole which we begun to dig 
yesterday. I think we have been very diligent and careful to improve every 
opportunity to make our escape, but the guard is so very strict with us, 
that I think it almost impossible to succeed, and we have reason to think 
that there are some traitors amongst us, who give information of every 
thing of the kind which we undertake.

4. We, in our mess, bought another bag of potatoes, for three shillings.

5. This day twelvemonth I was at sea in a storm; the same day, by what I 
can learn, was a day of thanksgiving in America.

6. Last evening, a man in prison received a letter from a friend in 
London, which desired him to make himself easy, for we should be delivered 
before we were aware of it; but we have been told such stories ever since 
we have been in England; so we place very little confidence in it.

7. Sunday. It is a great grievance to be shut up in prison, and debarred 
from hearing the gospel preached on the Lord's day, though I did not make 
much improvement of it when I had the opportunity.

8. To-day we were all mustered, and after this was over, the agent 
informed us that he had received a letter from the Board, to put all in 
this prison on half allowance, for breaking orders and attempting to make 
our escape, until the transgressor should be found out. But as we all, 
with one voice joined in one cause, we thought it inhuman to pitch upon 
any one man; therefore, by way of contribution, we raised money enough to 
hire one man to own the same and suffer for all, so that we are obliged to 
support him while on half allowance and make him amends for his sufferings

9. To-day the man delivered himself up, to go to the Black-hole, and the 
agent allows him every indulgence consistent with his orders, which is a 
very uncommon thing for him.

10. Warm and pleasant, for the season of the year.

11. There have been various reports for several days past, but I thought 
them not worthy of observation, because they did not come from so good 
authority as I could wish they might; but to-day we have a very authentic 
account from Captain Henry Johnston's brother, who is lately from London, 
that General Burgoyne and his army are totally routed, many killed, and 
taken to a man; and as I do not doubt the truth of it, it gives me more 
satisfaction than any news I have heard since I have been a prisoner. 
Also, we have good reason to believe that Howe is in possession of 
Philadelphia; but Washington, of choice, without any molestation, let him 
march in, for we hear that the Americans have possession of all the forts 
on the river.

12. I purchased a book called the "American Crisis," on purpose to lend it 
to a friend without. We are told that the generality of the people in 
England are very much disaffected at the proceedings of the ministry.

13. To-day we all carried our clothing out into the yard, and were 
examined to know who wanted clothes, and who did not. But for my part, I 
am not in need of any thing, for with what little money I have got in time 
past, by making boxes, I have clothed myself tolerably well. We were told, 
by a gentleman who came to see us, that our countrymen at home have 
something to be proud of, though we are a little humbled by our 
imprisonment.

14. To-day Captain Lee received a letter from Captain Trott, who was taken 
in one of the Civil Usage's prizes. He informs us of their taking ten 
valuable prizes, and six of the number were arrived safely at the place of 
destination.

15. Cold weather to what it has been for some days past.

16, 17. We have a paper wherein is a confirmation and the particulars of 
General Burgoyne's being taken, with six thousand men, seven thousand 
stand of arms, seven thousand suits of clothes, seventy thousand guineas, 
sixty batteaux, with a thousand barrels of provisions, and a great many 
pieces of artillery, which in England they acknowledge to be the best ever 
sent out of the country, against any nation. We have, also, a melancholy 
account of the cruelty of the Indians in the back settlements, set on by 
the inhuman Burgoyne, and an account of General Lincoln's taking two 
forts, up North River, and putting the people to the sword. We hear, 
besides, of General Washington's giving Howe battle, and after the battle 
was over, there were six hundred wagon loads of dead and wounded seen to 
go into Philadelphia. After hearing this news, joy is plainly seen in the 
countenance of every American here.

18. We hear that Lord North has made a motion for peace, in the House, but 
they thought as he was one of the chief instigators of war, that he had no 
right to have any hand in making peace.

19. We hear that General Putnam had intercepted several letters sent by 
Howe to Burgoyne, which showed their determination, and proved of happy 
consequences to the Americans. According to the last accounts, the 
American loss in the late engagements is very inconsiderable.

20. To-day six men came up from the Black-hole, who were sent there on the 
tenth of last month - their forty days having expired.

21. Nothing remarkable, except repeated confirmations of what we have 
heard before.

22. We are informed that Parliament has adjourned till the twentieth of 
next month; I suppose, to hear further intelligence from Lord Howe, and to 
know whether he has made any progress in the country.



CHAPTER IX.
CHRISTMAS PUDDING.--CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.--CLOTHES SERVED.--HAPPY NEW YEAR.--
FRIENDS APPEAR.--PRESENTS.--FRIENDS INCREASE.--LARGE DONATIONS REPORTED.--
DONATION FROM BRITISH RECRUITING PARTIES.--PRIVATE DONATIONS.--
EXHORTATIONS TO A CIVIL, SOBER LIFE.--LARGE DISTRIBUTION OF CLOTHING.--
ROYAL SALUTE.--REGULAR ALLOWANCE FROM DONATION FUND.--INCREASING PRIVILEGE.

DECEMBER 23. To-day we have new printed orders put up in prison, which are 
from the commissioners, to be strictly observed by us.

24. It is twelve months since I was taken, and as to-morrow is Christmas, 
and we have a little money, we are resolved to have something more than we 
had last Christmas; accordingly we sent out for five pounds of flour, one 
pound of suet, one pound of plums, half a pound of sugar, half an ounce of 
spice, and two quarts of milk, to mix the same for a pudding.

25. Christmas. To-day had our intended pudding, and as there was so much 
of it that we could not conveniently boil it all in one bag, we made two 
of it, and the largest was as much as seven of of us wanted to eat at one 
meal, with our other provisions; these seven were of our own mess, and 
three of our neighbors, whom we invited. To-day our baker, who supplies us 
with bread, instead of brown bread, sent us white, and our butcher, 
instead of beef, gave us mutton, and instead of cabbage we had turnips; 
and the butcher's wife gave us oatmeal to thicken our broth, and salt to 
salt it; so that on the whole, we had not so hungry a Christmas as the 
last. I must confess I have a very agreeable expectation, if my life is 
spared and the Lord pleases to permit me, to sit down at my father's table 
next Christmas.

26. To-day considerable bread was given in the yard, by gentlemen who 
visited us, besides a penny loaf to each mess, sent in by our friends 
outside.

27. For some days I have been unwell, and this morning I took a portion of 
salts.

28. Sunday. Warm weather, as it is natural in this country and different 
from what it is in America, at this season of the year.

29. For a month past, I send out every few days and buy half a pound of 
tobacco, and retail it out, so that I can afford to sell better measure 
than can be bought at public market at the gate, and thus oblige myself 
and my neighbors.

30. To-day we had clothes served out to us, and some who were almost naked 
received a jacket, breeches, and two shirts, two pairs of stockings, a 
pair of shoes, and a cap. I received only a pair of shoes. Although I have 
been a prisoner more than an twelve months, I have received only a pair of 
shoes from government: for we have reason to think that the clothes and 
bedding which were served to our company on board the Burford, were given 
us by the captain of the ship.

31. Those who did not receive clothes yesterday, had them to-day, except 
shoes, which they are to have in a few days; and those who petitioned the 
Board to go on board His Majesty's ships, received an answer from the Lord 
of the Admiralty, that all those who are legally committed to prison could 
not be bailed. However, our long-wished-for day draws near, for to-morrow 
the Act will expire, by which we were committed to prison. But we hear 
that it is likely to be renewed again; God forbid it should be so.

1778. January 1. I wish myself and all my brother fellow-sufferers a very 
happy new year. I do not know how to express my joy for so good a 
beginning, but by hoping that it will end better.

No sooner is this very impolitic Act out, than our friends make themselves 
known to us, which before they dared not do. To-day we had sent to us a 
plum pudding, and a sixpenny white loaf, to each mess, as a new year's 
gift, which, with our allowance, was sufficient for one day. Some 
gentlemen, also, who are friends, came to see us, and among the number was 
one Mr. Hancock, cousin of John Hancock, president of the Continental 
Congress. They inform us that upwards of £800 sterling have been raised in 
London for the relief of the prisoners here, and that they are daily 
raising more. They further told us, that we should not want for any thing, 
so long as we are prisoners in England. Transporting words! We have found 
friends in adversity. "Friends in need, are friends indeed."

2. To-day we received nothing but our usual allowance.

3. To-day we had sent to us a pound of soap to each man!

4. Sunday. We had sent to us a four pound loaf, and about six ounces of 
shag tobacco, to each mess, which we are told was given us by private 
gentlemen.

5. We had sent us a gallon of potatoes, to each mess, and oatmeal to 
thicken our broth.

6. To-day we had half a pint of peas instead of greens, to each mess; by 
order from the Board, we are to have peas four times a week, which we like 
very much. Again, also, we bad a white loaf sent us to each mess, and a 
small number of books. To-day two boys, in prison, were tied up and 
whipped, a dozen each, for making game of the provision, because it was 
not cooked well.

7. To-day one hundred and fifty blankets were sent us, to be given to 
those who need them most; and as there are two hundred and eighty-nine 
prisoners here, there is not one to each man; so those who have the best 
bedding receive none, and as I have sufficient, I want none.

8. We had a threepenny loaf to each mess, sent us to-day, and as four of 
our number, who came last to prison, have not had the small-pox, they went 
to the hospital to be inoculated.

9. This afternoon a number of gentlemen came, and read a letter to us, 
which gives an account of upwards of £200 sterling having been raised in 
Bristol, for the relief of the prisoners here; also, an account of £2,276 
raised in London, for the same purpose. In Portsmouth, we hear that there 
are about one hundred and forty prisoners, so that the number here and 
there, amounts to four hundred and twenty-nine. What we have received 
hitherto, has no connection with these donations, but was given by private 
gentlemen.

10. We had sent us a threepenny loaf to each mess, and three hundred 
herring, to be divided amongst us. Also, it being a pleasant day, the 
prison was smoked with charcoal and brimstone, as is customary once in a 
few days.

11. We hear that Parliament is warned to meet six days sooner than it 
adjourned for.

12. To-day is the first that we have received any thing from the donation 
raised for us, and now we have a stated rule, which is a fourpenny loaf 
each day, out of the money raised in Bristol, except a few officers, who 
of choice, receive the money instead of bread. We hear no more as yet, of 
the money raised in London, but we suppose it is not come down.

13. We are told that ten recruiting parties are gone out into the country, 
from the regiment which guards us. Also, Captain Henry Johnston received a 
letter from his brother in London, wherein he desires him to make himself 
easy, for we shall all be exchanged in the spring.

14. To-day two ministers came to see us, and informed us of many good 
things preparing for us, which are too numerous to mention here; but if we 
receive them, I shall give an account of them hereafter.

15. It is fourteen months to-day, since we sailed from Newbury. Also, we 
had sent us to-day, a yard of tobacco to each mess, and we are told that 
we are to have a yard every other day, which is four inches and a half to 
each man, per day.

16. Those who did not receive shoes on the 30th or 31st of last month, 
received them to-day. Also, we hear that all the wearing apparel that we 
have received as yet, was given us by government, but we are told that 
each of us is to have a great coat and a suit of clothes out of the money 
raised for us. Also, to-day we have another fourpenny loaf to each mess, 
which makes eight pennyworth of bread to each mess, per day, besides our 
allowance by government. We are advised by all our friends without, to 
make ourselves contented for a little while, for they tell us that they 
have all the reason in the world to believe that we shall be out of prison 
in three months. We had sent us a number of printed exhortations, urging 
us to lead a civil sober life, and to leave off swearing and profaning the 
name of the Lord, for that is the last thing that many do before they 
sleep, and the first after they awake.

17. To-day we had clothes served out to us, out of the money raised for 
us; such as two shirts, two pairs of stockings, a pair of shoes, jacket 
and breeches, to those who needed them, and caps. The officers received 
white linen shirts instead of check, and hats instead of caps. They tell 
us we are all to have great coats in a few days; the clothes have not all 
come, so we are not all served. I was served to-day. I received two 
shirts, two pairs of stockings, a pair of shoes, a jacket and cap. We had 
also, a pound of pork to each mess, to eat with our peas; and we are told 
that we are to have it every Saturday. We had tobacco served again, and 
are told it is to be continued.

18. Sunday. We have an addition of about half a pound of beef to each mess.

Lord Cornwallis arrived yesterday in the Sound, from America. We hear that 
Howe has taken all the forts which command the Delaware.

19. Last night there was a heavy thundersquall, and if I mistake not, 
there has been but one thunder-shower since I have been in England. 
Yesterday was the Queen's birth-day, but on account of its being Sunday 
they did not fire; but to-day each ship in commission, the fort and 
garison, fired twenty-one guns as a royal salute.

20. To-day they have again been serving clothes, but have not finished.

21. The remainder in prison had clothes served to them, so that each man 
in prison has received a great coat, and a suit, or nearly a suit, of 
clothes, out of the donation fund. We have, also, had our broth thickened, 
and it is to be continued; besides a pound of beef to each mess more than 
our allowance by government.

22. We have now got into a settled rule of receiving our donation. The 
officers, such as captains and lieutenants, are allowed five shillings a 
week; sailing masters and prize masters, four shillings a week; 
boatswains, carpenters, and such like, three shillings per week, and 
privateers-men, two shillings per week, which is laid out in such 
provisions as we think proper. What we receive in provisions, besides the 
government allowance, is as follows: one pound and a quarter of bread to 
each mess, and a quarter of a pound of beef per day, except Saturday; we 
then receive a quarter of a pound of pork. We have thickening and leeks in 
our broth; tobacco we receive every other day; soap we receive as we want 
it; but the officers, what they do not receive in provisions receive in 
money. We have now every thing that we want as to provisions and clothing; 
but there is one thing yet lacking - a thankful heart.

23. As keeping ourselves clean is conducive to health, the agent has 
indulged us, for a few days past, with liberty for six of us per day, to 
go down into a separate yard to wash, where there is a pump and 
convenience for washing.

24. I have heard little or no news, for this week past, and indeed no news 
is the best news for us; for if there is any thing against us, they are 
ready enough to tell us.

25. Sunday. Cold, blustering, unsteady weather.

26. It is fourteen months to-day, since we sailed from Portsmouth. To-day 
I went down into the hospital yard to see one of my sick acquaintances, 
who is down with the small-pox, under an excuse to go to wash.



CHAPTER X.
PRICE OF TOBACCO.--CLEANLINESS.--NOT TO BE DISCOURAGED.--BLANKETS.--
DISTRIBUTION.--LETTER FROM AMERICA.--OFFICERS ESCAPE.--ARRIVAL OF A 
FLEET.--PAPER.--DR. FRANKLIN TO THE COUNCIL.--STATE OF TROOPS.--DESERTERS 
TAKEN.--VISIT FROM THE GOVERNOR AND LADY.--REMOVAL OF OFFICERS.--GENERAL 
WISH FOR PEACE.--A NEWSPAPER.--COMMISSIONERS.--PUBLIC FAST.--ALLOWANCE 
WITHDRAWN.--LIBERALITY.--PETITION REFUSED.--A NEWSPAPER.--REWARD OF 
BRAVERY.--LIGHTS CONTINUED.

JANUARY 27. We are informed by the man who contracts for our tobacco, that 
it is very scarce, and hard to be got for the money; it is three shillings 
and sixpence per pound, which is one shilling and twopence dearer than it 
was at Christmas. The officers, in a separate prison, are allowed to burn 
candles in the evening until gun-fire, which is eight o'clock.

28. To-day some new washing troughs were brought to prison for us to wash 
our clothes in, and now we have plenty of clothes, soap, water and tubs to 
wash in. In general, we are tolerably clean.

29. It being a pleasant day, the prison was again smoked. Concerning being 
released, we have no reason to think that those gentlemen who gave us 
encouragement intend to flatter us, as often the darkest hour of the night 
is just before day. It may be so with us, as those things which we have 
received since new year, came entirely unexpected to us; who knows but our 
redemption may come as suddenly and unexpectedly; so that I think it 
becomes us to put things on a medium, and make the best of a bad bargain; 
not to let our fears exceed our hopes, nor to put so much dependence on 
getting out, as to be disappointed of it; but as we are committed to 
prison by a civil magistrate for high treason, it is the opinion of some, 
that it is not in the power of the King or council to release us without 
some sort of a trial.

30. Yesterday afternoon, about sixty pairs of blankets were sent for those 
who had none. We also have the paper, wherein is an extract of a letter 
from a nobleman in the British service in America. He writes, that 
Cornwallis embarked on such a day, for home, to lay before the King and 
council the true state of America; be writes that the Americans want for 
nothing that is necessary, while they are in want of every thing. Beef is 
four shillings per pound in Philadelphia, and other fresh provisions in 
proportion; and flour is not to be had. He states that it is wholly owing 
to Howe's good conduct that they are not totally cut off to a man, but if 
the Schuylkill freezes over it is not too late to do it yet. We also have 
a paper, wherein is Lord North's proposition for reconciliation with 
America.

February 1. Sunday. Last evening, between seven and nine o'clock, five of 
the officers in a separate prison, who had agreed with the sentry to let 
them go, made their escape and took two sentries with them. The five 
officers were Captain Henry Johnston, Captain Eleazer Johnston, Offin 
Boardman, Samuel Treadwell and one Mr. Deal. Captain Henry Johnston having 
several suits of good clothes, he gave each sentry one, which they put on, 
and left their regimentals at their posts, with their firelocks, and made 
off; they were soon discovered by the guard, and pursued, but not taken.

3. I had a quantity of cedar brought to me to make boxes of.

4. This afternoon a fleet of about twelve or fifteen sail, with a convoy, 
arrived in the Sound, and saluted the admiral. It is thought they are part 
of Burgoyne's fleet, as we have heard that they were expected home.

5. To-day two large ships went from the Sound up to Ammoors, one of which 
had lost her maintop-mast. We are told that the three parties that went in 
pursuit of those who made their escape a few evenings ago, returned 
unsuccessful.

6. For two or three days I have been out of wood, so that I have done very 
little work, but today I had enough brought to last me a month.

7. To-day we had half a pound of pork more than usual, to each mess, which 
makes a pound and a half to each mess.

8. Sunday. We have the paper wherein is an extract of a letter from Dr. 
Franklin, Dean and Lee, to Lord North, and to the ministry, putting them 
in mind of the abuse which the prisoners have received from time to time, 
and giving them to know that it is in the power of the Americans to make 
ample retaliation, but they hoped that there was more humanity left in 
their hearts. They also wrote concerning an exchange of prisoners, and 
that if they would not exchange, they hoped that Congress would be 
permitted to appoint an agent to supply the prisoners in England with such 
things as were necessary, at their own expense. We learn that their answer 
was, that in America there was an exchange.

11. For some days past, the masons have been at work building a chimney.

12. We have a paper wherein is an account of the House of Parliament being 
very full, and that there is upwards of two hundred and fifty for carrying 
on the war, and upwards of one hundred and fifty for settling it. I am 
glad to find that the minority increases fast; the same paper informs us 
that there is nearly one half against the method they take in raising 
money to carry on the war, and there is a disturbance about the method 
they take for raising troops. The same paper also informs us, that their 
troops at home are five thousand six hundred and seventy-three short of 
the peace establishment, and that there is only about ten thousand troops 
in England, Ireland, Scotland, Gibraltar and Mahon.

13. Many people in England, besides us prisoners, thought that Burgoyne's 
troops were to be sent home, as we have heard, agreeably to their 
capitulation, but by this time we are persuaded to the contrary.

14. For two or three days I have been out of wood, so that I have done but 
little work; till within a few days I have received three shillings for 
boxes.

15. To-day it is fifteen months since we sailed from Newbury.

16. To-day it snowed about three hours, just so as to cover the ground. It 
is the first time the ground has been covered this winter.

17. Clear and cold. it is now we find the benefit of our great coats. We 
hear that the two soldiers that deserted and went off with the 
beforementioned officers, from the prison, have been taken; which I am 
sorry to hear, for they will undoubtedly both be shot; and not only so, 
but I am afraid that their being taken will be followed with other bad 
consequences.

18. The chimney, in a separate prison, is so far completed, that we have a 
fire in it. To-day about twelve o'clock, the Governor of Plymouth and his 
lady, came to see us, and bought some of our wooden ware, and tasted of 
our broth; he said it was very fine, as indeed it has been, ever since we 
have had it thickened, and leeks put into it.

19. We are told by almost every one that comes to the gate, that a French 
war is near at hand, and cannot be avoided.

20. To-day each man in prison had a check linen handkerchief sent to him, 
which was given us by the donation. Also, to-day the officers in this 
prison moved into another, which has been preparing for them, so that all 
the officers who were committed to prison, as such, are in a prison by 
themselves.

21. Some time ago we had two fourpenny loaves to each mess, per day, but 
one of them was soon taken off; and as they told us we should have as much 
provision as we wanted, we made it known to them, that we were desirous of 
having a sixpenny loaf instead of the fourpenny one, which they granted, 
and to-day we received a sixpenny loaf to each mess.

22. Sunday. We hear that General Gates sent a letter to one of the 
Parliament, in which he deplores the state of Great Britain, and advises 
them to make peace, before the Americans form alliance with any other 
nation. But he states that they will accept of nothing short of 
independence.

23. We have been informed several times, lately, that all the Acts since 
the year 1763, are likely to be repealed. "Peace with America and war with 
France," is the cry of almost every Briton. We have a paper in prison 
wherein is Lord North's speech in the House. He confesses that the English 
troops in America, have been beaten by inferior numbers. For several 
evenings past, we have had candles burning in prison, unknown to the 
agent, turnkey or guard; but I expect it will not be long before we shall 
be allowed to burn them, as we have written to the Board concerning it. We 
hear that a proclamation is issued for a public fast throughout England, 
Ireland and Scotland.

25. We hear that commissioners are appointed to go to America to treat 
with Congress; and they are to be considered a legal body while in treaty 
with them.

26. Last night the snow fell about two inches deep, on a level, which is 
more than it has snowed, put it all together, during the winter.

27. This day is kept as a public fast, throughout the united kingdom. I 
suppose they did not think it worth while to proclaim a fast before, as I 
do not remember that there has been one since I have been a prisoner, 
except a yearly fast. It is the opinion of many in prison, that if the 
proposals have not already gone to America, that we shall be sent with 
them, to give an assurance that they are real.

28. We are credibly informed that America has formed an alliance with 
France, for the space of twenty-one years; but whether it is any thing 
more than an alliance for trade, we have not yet learned, We hear that it 
took place the 26th of this month. We also hear that the money raised in 
England for the Americans here, amounted to £7000 sterling.

March 1. Wet, dirty weather, which obliges us to keep house most of the 
time. To-day is the first day of spring, and I have some secret 
expectations of being liberated before the season is expired, as there is 
a fleet of transports, with provision, bound to America, which will be 
ready to sail by the last of this month, or the first of April. Some think 
it probable that we may be sent with them.

2. Warm and pleasant for the season. We received an answer to the petition 
we wrote for the liberty to burn candles in the evening, but the answer 
was that we could not be allowed the privilege.

3. We have a paper in prison, from which we learn that Congress has made a 
present of a gold medal to General Gates, and a sword to the commander at 
Mud Island, for their bravery. There is also a slur upon Howe, in the 
paper, which is, that he has got three miles in length, and two in 
breadth, in the late campaign.

4. To-day, every man's clothing was examined to see if we keep ourselves 
clean. Last evening one of the prisoners was sent to the Blackhole, for 
abusive words spoken to the agent, and another to-day, for selling his 
clothes, which were given him, to get money to gamble with.

5. Remarkably pleasant weather for the season. It is so warm, and the yard 
is so dry, that we all carried our hammocks and bedding out to air. 
Yesterday, Captain Lee received a letter, by the way of Bilboa, from 
Newbury, from Mr. Tracy, by which we learn that he is daily striving for 
our exchange.

6. Although we are not allowed lights in prison, yet we have them every 
evening, and intend to till we are found out; and then they can do no more 
than deny us of them, for when we cannot get candles, we burn marrow-
bones, which give a very good light, and a good bone will last as long as 
half a candle.



CHAPTER XI.
AWFUL PENALTY FOR DESERTION.--PUBLIC INDIGNATION.--REMARKABLE HEALTH OF 
THE PRISONERS.--RECRUITING PARTY IN CORNWALL.--HOWE IN TROUBLE.--TWO 
FATHERS.--SCARCITY OF PROVISIONS IN THE WEST INDIES.--BLACK-HOLE.--
AMERICAN PRIVATEER.--HOT PRESS.--DETECTION.--FRENCH BRIG RUN DOWN.--
PRISONERS SELL THEIR CLOTHES TO GAMBLE.--"PRECEPTOR".--EXTREME 
PUNISHMENT.--SPORTS.--EXAMINATION.--USE OF POVERTY.--ENGLISH AMBASSADOR 
RETURNS FROM FRANCE.--CAPTAIN BOARDMAN.--TITCOMB.--HOPE OF RETURN.--
COMMISSIONERS TO AMERICA.--NEWSPAPERS.

MARCH 7. We are told that the two soldiers who deserted and carried five 
of the officers from prison, on the evening of the 31st of January, have 
had their trial. One of them is condemned to be shot, the other to receive 
seven hundred stripes. After their trial some handbills were sent to the 
barrack, to the dock, and to Plymouth, to set forth the heinousness of 
their crime in deserting their colors and carrying off rebels with them; 
but the people in the King's dock-yard, and some sailors who were on shore 
from the men-of-war, gathered in a mob; got all the bills together that 
they could find, and burnt them.

8. Sunday. We hear that there has been several commissioners chosen to go 
to America, but they all refuse to go.

9. For the week past I have been something poorly, but the prisoners in g 
eneral are remarkably healthy ; never did I bear of such a number of men 
confined together who enjoyed such perfect health, and had so little 
sickness as we have. Even upon short allowance we enjoyed our health, 
though every man pined away to merely skin and bone. Those who had no 
money to help themselves, and looked pale and ghastly, and were so weak as 
scarcely to be able to walk, now look brisk, lively, and we all are 
strong, fat, and hearty.

10. We are informed that about three hundred merchants in London, Bristol 
and other places, have petitioned for peace with America, otherwise they 
will be entirely ruined. We hear that a great part of the merchants in 
Bristol are broken, and worth nothing.

11. We learn that some recruiting parties that went into Cornwall to 
obtain recruits, met with a very severe reception; the people gathered 
together and disarmed them, and drove them out of their territory. Indeed, 
all England seems to be in commotion: it is the opinion of some, that 
should the American war continue another year, there would be civil war in 
England; it seems to be but little short of it now.

12. We are informed that General Howe has written home for a reinforcement 
immediately, or he must inevitably share the fate of Burgoyne; this 
inspires us with fresh courage. To-day our two fathers came to see us, as 
they commonly do once or twice a week. They are Mr. Heath and Mr. Sorry, 
the former is a Presbyterian minister, in Dock; the latter a merchant in 
Plymouth. These are the two agents appointed by the committee in London to 
supply us with necessaries. A smile from them seems like a smile from a 
father; they tell us that every thing goes on well on our side, so that I 
hope our long wished for prize is just at hand - a prize that is 
preferable to any other earthly enjoyment. I hope our days of trouble are 
nearly at an end, and after we have borne them with a spirit of manly 
fortitude, we shall be returned to a free country to enjoy our just rights 
and privileges, for which we have been so long contending. This will make 
ample satisfaction for all our sufferings. To-day we received two 
shillings per mess, which is sixpence per man; this is back money that we 
had not received, as we receive two shillings per man a week; what we do 
not receive in provisions we have in money.

13. Three Marblehead men came to see us, who were lately taken in a 
merchantman bound to France. They are about two months from America. They 
had the liberty to talk with us for nearly an hour. To-day three men were 
brought to prison, they being officers of a privateer that was taken and 
carried to the West Indies. They inform us that provisions are so scarce 
in the English islands that the inhabitants move from one island to 
another on that account, and are almost starved; they also inform us that 
Mr. Samuel Treadwell is taken, and is now on board the Blenheim; he is one 
of the five who went out on the 31st of June.

14. To-day Mr. Treadwell was brought back to prison and put immediately in 
the Black-hole, where he is to lay forty days on half allowance. This 
afternoon, for the misbehavior of three or four persons, we were all 
confined in prison; and it being a very pleasant afternoon, it aggravated 
many so that they ran fore and aft the prison screaming, and some cried 
murder, which alarmed the guard, and we were turned out, and the offenders 
delivered up and sent to the Black-hole, where they must lay until orders 
come from the Board to take them out.

15. Sunday. For some days past I have spent most of my time in reading, 
and I can better compose myself to it now than I could six months ago.

16. We are informed that on Saturday an American privateer chased a 
merchantman into the mouth of this harbor, and then hoisted her colors and 
made the best of her way from land; and that a frigate, that lay in the 
Sound, slipped her cable and went after her.

17. St. Patrick's Day. By what we can learn, a French and Spanish war is 
very near at hand. The French are making all preparation for the contest, 
so also are the English, for we are told that all the ships belonging to 
the navy, that with repairing will be fit for sea, are to be put in 
commission immediately; and such a hot press as there is now in England 
was never known - they press against all protections.

18. To-day another was sent to the Black-hole, for selling the clothes 
which were given to him; which is no more than right. We are informed that 
we are to be removed very soon and carried to Chester castle, but we pay 
no regard to it; for I believe two-thirds in prison expect to be sent to 
America within three months.

19. We hear again that we are to be carried to Chester, but pay no regard 
to it, as I said before.

20. We are informed that last night two or three hundred men were pressed 
in Plymouth, and Dock; even the lamp-lighter who tends the lamps about the 
prison, was pressed; but as he was in the King's service he was released. 
A lieutenant of one of the King's ships came to prison and advised those 
who had a mind to go on board the men-of-war to petition immediately. 
Accordingly a petition was written and signed by six old countrymen, and 
sent to the commissioners.

21. Dull, thick weather, some rain, so that we keep house.

22. Sunday. Some time ago we heard that some troops were to be sent to 
America this spring, but to-day we hear that their orders are 
countermanded.

23. To-day four or five large ships sailed from the Sound, bound to 
Spithead to join a fleet. We were found out to-day in conveying bread to 
the half allowance men in the Black-hole; so there is now a stop put to it.

24. Pleasant, for the season of the year. We received a letter from two of 
the officers that made their escape from prison on the 31st of January 
last; they inform us that they were taken up in London, and are now on 
board a guard ship in Portsmouth, waiting to come round.

25. We were informed that a few days ago a large ship accidentally ran 
down a French brig in the Sound; eleven men were drowned, and her mainmast 
carried away.

26. Last evening the guards discovered our lights in the prison, so that I 
am afraid there will be a stop put to it.

27. There are many in prison who have sold all their clothes that were 
given them by subscription, to get a little money to gamble with, and buy 
strong beer; some of these have been found out, and justice is likely to 
be done them.

28. We hear that an American Captain, who has long been confined in 
prison, in London, petitioned for a trial, and was cleared and set at 
liberty. He then sued them for false imprisonment, but he was immediately 
apprehended and sent to Newgate. He again petitioned for a trial, was 
again tried, acquitted, and set at liberty, and went off.

29. Sunday. Stormy, so that we keep house, except when we go to draw our 
provisions.

30. We are informed that tobacco is 5s. a pound; at Christmas it was only 
2s. 4d.

31. To-day I received the books which myself and another sent out to buy. 
These are the "Preceptor," in two volumes; the price of them was twelve 
shillings. The reason of its being so long after we sent out for them 
before we received them, was, they could not be bought in Plymouth, and 
the bookseller had to send to London for them.

April 1. To-day the two soldiers who went off with five officers, on the 
evening of the 31st of January last, received their punishment; one was 
shot, the other whipped; they belonged to the Light Infantry in the 
regiment.

2. Warm, and something pleasant, and the yard begins to be dry again, so 
that we can return to our former sports; these are ball and quoits, which 
exercise we make use of to circulate our blood and keep us from things 
that are worse.

3. This afternoon the agent and his clerk, the steward and doctor, seated 
themselves opposite the prison door and called over the roll, and ordered 
us one by one to pass out, and we were examined to see if we had our full 
compliment of clothing that was given us, and that they were clean and in 
order.

4. To-day each of us again received sixpence, which was back money, as 
before mentioned. Also, three of his Majesty's ships sailed - the Queen, 
of ninety guns, the Ocean, of ninety guns, both three-deckers, and the 
Fieutryant, a two-decker of eighty-four guns, which was taken from the 
French, the last war; we are told that she is the longest ship in the navy.

5. Sunday. It is ten months to-day since I came to prison. One Sunday 
passes away after another, seemingly disregarded by us, to our shame.

6. We keep house to-day on account of it being wet weather, and the prison 
yard is very muddy.

7. Mr. Heath, one of our fathers, has been in London, for near a month, 
and Mr. Sorry is to set out in a few days. To-day the latter came to see 
us, and we desired him, for the future, to send us a fourpenny white loaf 
to each mess, per day, in place of a sixpenny one, for we have more 
provisions than many of us want to eat; and any person can easily 
conjecture that prisoners in our situation, who have suffered so much for 
the want of provisions, would abhor such an act as to waste what we have 
suffered so much the want of.

8. We are informed that the English ambassador has returned from France, 
and upon his return he informed His Majesty that the King of France had 
recognized the independence of America.

9. Very warm and pleasant, so that all the prisoners in this prison 
carried their bedding out into the yard to air, and the prison was smoked 
with charcoal and sulphur, as is customary every few days. To-day we 
received a fourpenny loaf according to our request.

10. To-day Captain Boardman and Mr. Deal were brought back to prison, 
which makes three of the number brought back who went out on the 31st of 
January last. The other two were Captain Henry Johnston, of the Lexington, 
and Captain Eleazer Johnston, of the Dolton. These, we suppose, have got 
clear. Also, this afternoon William Titcomb, a Newbury man, came to see 
us, about half an hour, and very glad was I to see him. He was taken in 
the Yankee Hero, by the Milford. He informs us that he has belonged to the 
Milford ever since he was taken, and he has been present at the capture of 
four American privateers. Upon their passage home, they took a vessel, 
which was one of the Civil Usage's prizes. The Milford arrived about three 
weeks ago. Titcomb has been unwell, and has been in the royal hospital 
most of the time since he arrived. He told us that he had rather be in our 
situation than his.

11. Very warm and pleasant; it is as warm as it was any time last summer. 
The spring is very forward, much more so than the last; but we were told 
that last spring was uncommonly backward.

12. Sunday. It is twelve months to-day since I set my foot upon this 
island, but now I think the auspicious day is about to dawn, when, if it 
is the Lord's will, we shall bid it farewell. To-day, by an order from the 
Board, we drew cabbage instead of broth, and we are to have cabbage two 
days in a week, peas two, and broth three, which we like much better; for 
when a person is confined to one steady diet, and has enough, he soon gets 
tired of it.

13. We are informed by Captain Boardman, that while he was out, he saw one 
Mr. Bapson, lately from America, who belonged to Cape Ann. He informed him 
that a new ship of twenty-six guns, which was built by the Marine Society 
of Newbury, Captain William Friend, master, just after she got over the 
Bar, filled and sunk, and a number of men were drowned. He also informs us 
that Captain James Tracy in the new ship Hero, has not been heard of since 
be sailed; and that the schooner Washington has been absent some months, 
and they are afraid she is lost. William Titcomb, who was here a few days 
ago, told us that Tracy, in company with another frigate, was cruising off 
the Cape of Good Hope.

14. We are informed that Governor Johnston and two others, have kissed His 
Majesty's hand, and are appointed commissioners to go to America.

15. What money I have received for boxes since I have been in prison, 
amounts to over three guineas. Had it not been for this money, I must 
inevitably have suffered more than I did.

16. Very warm and pleasant; the grass and herbs in the fields appear to us 
as forward, from what We can see from the prison, as they do the first of 
June in America.



CHAPTER XII.
LETTER FROM PORTSMOUTH.--DEBATE IN PARLIAMENT.--COST OF THE WAR.--PETITION 
FOR A TRIAL.--TRAITOR DETECTED.--TRAITORS PUNISHED.--ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE.--
SICKNESS IN PRISON.--PAUL JONES AT WHITEHAVEN.--LETTER FROM PORTSMOUTH.--
DEATH OF JOHN FOSTER.--PRISON WRANGLE.--COMMISSIONERS SAILED.--ANOTHER 
HOLE.--IT FOUNDERS.--JOSEPH KENSINGTON DIED.--SICK PRISONERS NEGLECTED.

APRIL 17. To-day one of the prisoners received a letter from Captain 
Harris, of Portsmouth. He writes that we may rely upon it, that he had it 
from good authority, that the vessels were taken up, and were under 
repairs, to carry us home; and according to his letter, he expects to be 
on his passage in a month's time. There are many in prison who gather some 
encouragement from this.

18. According to the best accounts, there has been a great debate in the 
House of Commons. - The Duke of Richmond is for giving the Commissioners 
full power, before they return, even to declare the States independent, if 
nothing short will answer; Mr. Fox and Mr. Burke are of the same mind. But 
Lord Chatham declares that he had rather be in his grave than see the day 
that America is declared to be independent. According to their own 
account, this American war has cost Great Britain £30,000,000, and thirty 
thousand of their best disciplined troops - eleven thousand eight hundred 
the last campaign.

19. We are informed that a packet has lately arrived from America, but as 
yet we know not what news she has brought.

21. We have accounts in the paper of the Boston frigate, and another 
frigate out of Boston, having taken a number of valuable prizes.

22. There was one man came from the Black-hole, his time being up. There 
are four more left therein, but we find means to help them, as we have 
others before them; we having a plenty of provisions, can help them, and 
not injure ourselves. To-day I went out to buy a small pocket Bible, the 
price of which was three shillings and sixpence.

24. Three more came out of the Black-hole; there is but one left, and he 
will be out in a few days.

25. Captain Lee received a letter from Captain Trott, a prisoner in 
Bristol. He wrote that those of us who have a mind to write to America, 
can do so, by immediately sending the letters to him. He will send them to 
France by a man bound there. Several, therefore, wrote, and sent them to 
him. He also informed us, that by his own desire, he is going to London to 
receive his trial, which put us in mind of petitioning for a trial, also. 
Accordingly, a petition was drawn up, and about one half in prison signed 
it. The contents of the petition were as follows:

"To the King's Most Excellent Majesty: the petition of sundry of the 
subjects of the United States of America, showeth, that your petitioners 
were at several respective periods, in the year of our Lord 1777, 
committed to Old Mill Prison, in the County of Devonshire, for the 
suspected crime of high treason; your petitioners are unable to be exactly 
positive as to the particular style or wording of the crime represented, 
in whole or either of their commitments, but as their bodily health is at 
present much impaired, and they fear it will be more so, so that their 
lives may be endangered by a longer confinement in prison, they humbly 
request that your Majesty will be pleased to order them to be brought to 
trial with all possible speed, for the crime or crimes of which they may 
be supposed guilty. And your petitioners," &c.

26. For some months past we have thought it presumption to try to make our 
escape from prison by digging out, on account of there being traitors 
amongst us. An innocent man has borne the scandal of this a good while, 
but upon being told of it by a friend, he took no rest day or night until 
he had found the traitors, and upon examination we discovered them to be 
two negroes, a man and a boy. Accordingly, they were tied up and whipped - 
the boy was whipped by a boy, two dozen and a half lashes, on his bare 
back; and we thought it the man's prerogative who had borne the blame of 
being a traitor and was innocent, to lay the stripes upon the negro man. 
Accordingly, he gave him three dozen upon his bare back, and spared not; 
had the negro stayed till night he would have left his ears; but I suppose 
that he was suspicious of that, so he went and jumped over the gate and 
delivered himself up to the guard and told his story. The negro boy was 
sent for; so now they are both separated from us in another yard, and it 
is well for them that they are so.

27. A man came out of the Black-hole, his time being up, and Mr. Boardman 
and Deal, who have been only seventeen days on half allowance in the 
prison hospital, were sent into this yard. They are the only persons who 
have broke out and been taken, who have not suffered forty days on half 
allowance in the Black-hole.

28. Last evening being somewhat dark, two young men had a mind to try to 
make their escape; one of whom cut his hammock and blanket into strips and 
tied them together; got over the wall at the end of the prison into the 
yard, and was there caught and sent to the Black-hole. Today all the 
negroes were taken out of this prison, and put into a separate building, 
called the itchy yard.

29. To-day is Wednesday, which is our pay day, and each man received 
sixpence; and as we have received it regularly for some weeks past, we are 
told that we are to have it weekly; so in future, I shall only mention 
when we do not have it.

30. There is a number sick now, more than has been since we came to 
prison, except in time of small-pox. There are three or four in the prison 
hospital who are very sick with fever, and several more in this prison who 
are very ill. For a few weeks past, the agent has indulged us with the 
liberty of pens, ink and paper, so that we have an opportunity for writing 
and cyphering.

May 1. To-day the Tarbay, a ship of seventy-four guns, as she lay at her 
moorings, accidentally took fire, and we are told that her upper works are 
burned to a coal, and being old, she is not worth repairing; she has been 
but a few days out of dock.

3. We have a newspaper, from which we learn that an American privateer, 
commanded by Captain John Paul Jones, from Portsmouth, went into 
Whitehaven, sent her boat on shore, and spiked up the cannon, and set fire 
to a ship, and had it not been for a man that deserted the boat and 
alarmed the town, the boat's crew would have set fire to all the shipping 
in the harbor. They then set off and went to Scotland, where they went on 
shore and plundered Lord Selkirk's house of £5000 worth of plate, and took 
several cattle. To-day a large ship arrived in the Sound, which we took to 
be an East Indiaman, but have since heard that she is a transport from New 
York.

3. Sunday. To-day we received two letters from the prisoners in 
Portsmouth. They inform us that there are one hundred and eighty prisoners 
there. They also inform us that Captain Weeks, in a privateer of sixteen 
guns, bound from France to America, foundered upon the Banks of 
Newfoundland, and all were lost but one.

4. To-day, Captain Lee, taken in a merchantman belonging to Manchester, 
came to see us. He informed us of Captain Tracy's arrival, and that he had 
taken an East Indiaman; but we do not hear of any homeward bound East 
Indiamen missing.

5. To-day several of us had an opportunity of writing letters to send by 
Captain Lee, who came to see us yesterday, as he is bound directly home.

6. This morning about eight o'clock, Mr. John Fowler, a prisoner, died in 
the prison hospital, with a pleurisy fever. He was only a few days sick, 
and in the afternoon there was a jury over him. They will not tell us the 
occasion of a jury's being called, but it appears that the public were 
jealous that there had been bad usage. This man is the fourth that has 
died since I came to prison. He is the first of Captain Lee's men that has 
died since they were imprisoned.

7. To-day there have been several men drunk in prison, as there often is 
when they can get money to buy beer; and there has been a wrangle between 
the old countrymen and the Americans. The Americans unanimously hang 
together, and endeavor to keep peace in prison, but if the former party 
were stronger than the latter, we should have a hell upon earth.

8. This afternoon there were three prisoners brought to prison, who were 
taken in a prize upon the Grand Bank, bound to America, by a large old 
East Indianian, which has been made a transport. She was bound from New 
York to England, with a few of Burgoyne's officers on board, wounded and 
exchanged. The three who came to prison tell us that they had the offer of 
entering the English service, yet they chose to come to prison. The prize-
master's mate entered the service; of those who came to prison, there was 
one Newbury man, one Casco Bay man, and one Philadelphia man.

9. To-day three large two deckers dropped down into the Sound, from 
Ammoors, bound to Spithead, to join the fleet that is bound to sea, for 
the purpose of watching the motions of the French.

10. The commissioners sailed from Portsmouth in the Trydant man-of-war, of 
sixty-four guns, bound for America, April 22d.

11. We have a hole now in hand, and as we have not convenient places in 
prison to conceal all the dirt, for many days past many of us have been 
employed in the smuggling way, by carrying it out in our pockets and under 
our great coats, and emptying it into the vaults; but this afternoon we 
met with a misfortune, for a hole which we had been digging for ten days 
past, by times, foundered.

12. This morning after we were turned out, we so contrived it that the 
officer should enter into conversation with the turnkey and sentry on 
guard, and draw their attention, and in the meantime we stopped the hole, 
so that it was not discovered.

13 We are resolved to be in the way of our duty, by embracing every 
opportunity to make our escape.

14. To-day about one o'clock, another prisoner died in the prison 
hospital. It is thought that he died of consumption. His name was Joseph 
Kensington - he was taken in the Lexington privateer, with Captain Henry 
Johnson. He is the fifth man that has died since we came to prison. If a 
man is ever so sick in prison, he has nothing allowed him by the doctor 
that is nourishing, but a little barley-water and milk broth; but we have 
reason to think that all necessary things are allowed by government, but 
it is left to the doctor's option; so the sick do not have them at all.

15. It is eighteen months to-day since we sailed from Newbury, but I hope 
in a few months to be exchanged ; and I expect that matters will be 
settled amicably, for it is the opinion of many people that come to the 
gate to see us, and of a great part in prison, that the commissioners are 
invested with full power to settle the difficulties before they return, 
upon the best terms; even to declare the States independent, if necessary.