Official History of the 120th Infantry "3rd North Carolina" 30th Division, From August 5, 1917, to April 17, 1919; Canal Sector, Ypres-Lys Offensive, Somme Offensive, by Major John O. Walker, Major William A. Graham, Captain Thomas Fauntleroy
Published: Lynchburg, Va., J. P. Bell Company, 1919
Page iv
PREFACE
This history has been prepared, under authority from Colonel Sidney W.
Minor, as the official history of the 120th Infantry. Great care has been
exercised in its preparation, and nothing has been claimed for this
Regiment which can not be substantiated by records of the Division.
J. O. W.
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CHAPTER I
On August 5, 1917, the 3rd North Carolina Regiment, of the North
Carolina National Guard, was drafted into the Federal Service. That day
marks the real entrance of the Regiment into the European War, in which it
was to play a glorious part, reflecting credit on the Army, the State, and
the Nation.
The Regiment was commanded by Colonel Sidney W. Minor, of Durham, with
Lieutenant-Colonel Claude L. McGhee, of Franklinton, second in command.
The three battalions were commanded, respectively, by Major Don E. Scott,
Major William A. Graham, and Major Wade H. Phillips. The companies were
organized at and commanded as follows:
"A" Company, Lexington--Captain James A. Leonard:
"B" Company, Raleigh--Captain Walter Clark, Jr.;
"C" Company, Henderson--Captain James W. Jenkins;
"D" Company, Louisburg--Captain Samuel P. Boddie;
"E" Company, Oxford--Captain Elbert E. Fuller;
"F" Company, Franklinton--Captain James E. Whitfield;
"G" Company, Reidsville--Captain James H. Mobley;
"H" Company, Warrenton--Captain Edward C. Price;
"I" Company, Burlington--Captain James C. Freeman;
"K" Company, Ashboro--Captain Ben F. Dixon;
"L" Company, Thomasville--Captain Carleton H. Newby;
"M" Company, Durham--Captain Walter E. Page;
Headquarters Company, chiefly from Tennessee--organization begun by
Major Don E. Scott and completed by Captain Thomas Fauntleroy, of Memphis;
Machine Gun Company, North Carolina--Captain Charles F. Lumsden,
Raleigh;
Supply Company, North Carolina--Captain Stephen E. Winston; and
Sanitary Detachment, North Carolina--Major Abram R. Winston.
It is interesting to note that none of these units, with the exception
of Headquarters Company, returned from overseas in command of the original
commanding officer.
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Coming from the Central and Piedmont Sections of North Carolina, and
being filled up later on by men from Tennessee, Kentucky, and Indiana, it
was a thoroughly American organization. It inherited the best traditions
of a fighting stock, who had proven their worth in the War of the
Revolution and the War Between the States. The most cherished records of
accomplishments had been left untarnished to the younger generation, and
their sires and grandsires felt, if the opportunity was given, their sons
and grandsons would add new luster and new traditions to the old.
The Regiment, with the 1st and 2nd North Carolina Infantry Regiments,
composed the North Carolina Infantry Brigade, and as such had served on
the Mexican Border, near El Paso. The Border service having been
satisfactory it was confidently expected the Brigade would be maintained
intact, but changes in sizes of units, as a result of this war, upset all
expectations. When mobilized at Camp Sevier, Greenville, South Carolina,
as part of the 30th Division, the 1st North Carolina was broken up, part
of the personnel being assigned to this Regiment, and the 2nd and 3rd
North Carolina disappeared, except in the memory of those who loved them,
becoming, respectively, the 119th and 120th Infantry Regiments, composing
the 60th (Tar-Heel) Brigade. The 60th Brigade was commanded by Brigadier-
General Sampson L. Faison, a Regular Army officer, a North Carolinian, and
the maker of the 30th Division.
CHAPTER II
Camp Sevier, Greenville, South Carolina, named after Colonel John
Sevier, North Carolina Militiaman and Brigadier-General, U. S. A.,
afterwards becoming Governor of Tennessee, was a tented camp. The location
was ideal, and there would have been no complaints provided South Carolina
had lived up to its reputation of "Sunny South." This it sadly failed to
do.
The first units of the Regiment to arrive, the latter part of August,
were put to work converting cleared land and cultivated fields into drill-
grounds. So real training was not under way until the middle of September,
and even then it was constantly interrupted by moving, due to the
increased size of units under everchanging tables of organizations.
The authorized officer-strength of the Regiment was provided for by the
promotion of enlisted men and by a shipment of newly graduated Reserve
Officers, "Sears-Roebuck Lieutenants" they were called. These Reserve
Officers expected a hostile reception, and were gratified to find that
their home in the Regiment depended solely upon their individual ability
to make good. They expected to find themselves in a National Guard
organization, with all of the widely advertised faults of the National
Guard, and they found a regiment to which these stories did not apply.
They quickly
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absorbed the traditions of the Regiment, and found that the regimental
idea was--for officers to be obeyed and followed: first, because they had
gained the respect, confidence, and love of their men; and, secondly,
because of the authority vested in them by virtue of their commission.
This idea has been the constant aim of the officers of the Regiment during
its entire life.
With the arrival of French and British instructors, schools were
started in bayonet, bombs, scouting, etc. All ranks were pushed to their
capacity. While the hours were long, the time was short, and those who
were not able to stand the grind, or failed to realize the importance of
their task, soon fell by the wayside.
Training was largely centered around trench-warfare, but fortunately
open-fighting was not overlooked, and this forethought on the part of
those in command proved of value later on and doubtless saved many lives
in active operations. Much of the trench-warfare training proved of little
value in active service, as conditions existing to-day are out of date to-
morrow, but it all served to develop both officer and man. This was
notably the case in bayonet-training, and, while there was but slight
chance of bayonet combat, it developed a fighting spirit and a feeling of
confidence as nothing else could have done.
Training was seriously interrupted about the middle of December by an
unprecedented winter--a winter unlooked for in the South. As a result, the
camp was not prepared for such a condition. Sleet and snow covered the
ground--men had to spend their entire time cutting and carrying wood for
heating and cooking, and the little opportunity for indoor instruction was
of doubtful, if of any, value. As soon as the weather permitted, training
was renewed with redoubled energy.
The first of January, Colonel Minor and Lieutenant-Colonel McGhee were
sent to a Field Officers' School, in Texas, and Colonel Cochran was
assigned to the Regiment, remaining in command until Colonel Minor
returned in April. Colonel Cochran was a Regular Army officer, and a
graduate of the Virginia Military Institute. He was an officer and a
gentleman, and soon gained the admiration and confidence of all ranks. It
was a pleasure to have served under him.
When the Regiment was first drafted into service its strength was
slightly over 1,500 men, and this number was reduced by frequent calls for
specialists of all kinds. It was, therefore, necessary to fill the
Regiment up to strength before it would be fit for overseas service. The
men first received were a splendid lot from the old 2nd Tennessee, which
had been broken up. Most of these men went to Headquarters Company, and
this company from that time on was largely a Tennessee Company both in
officers and men. The Regiment was also fortunate in securing the
Tennessee Band, as a unit. This band was composed of trained musicians,
chiefly from Memphis, and, under the able leadership of Chief Musician
Harry
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Blix, developed into one of the best bands in the A. E. F. The second lot
came from Camp Jackson. The officers in charge candidly stated that they
had picked the poorest men in the Division, but with the exception of
those who were crippled and should never have been inducted into service,
they proved by their loyalty and fighting qualities that some one at Camp
Jackson was an extremely poor judge of men--at least of men who could
fight. Practically all of these men were from North Carolina. The third
and last lot of men the Regiment received came from Camp Taylor, chiefly
Kentuckians and Indianaians. They were a splendid lot physically and
mentally, and, as fighters, they had no superiors. All of these men soon
took their place in the Regiment and found they stood an equal chance with
the old men of the organization.
The first of May, 1918, found the Regiment ready to go. The companies
were in excellent shape; the spirit of the men was high: and all were on
edge, as each man knew the time was near at hand.
The special units of Headquarters Company, the 37-mms., Lieutenant
Gilliland; the Trench Mortars, Lieutenant Dayton; the Pioneers, Lientenant
Bunch; and the Signals, Lieutenant Ailor, were all in splendid condition,
and their state of training reflected credit on their officers and on the
Regiment.
The Intelligence Service, composed of specially selected men, had been
organized.
Quite a few changes had been made in the Regiment. Two of the more
important were: Captain Whitfield, of "F" Company, had resigned, and
Lieutenant Beck was in command; and Captain Freeman, of "I" Company, had
resigned, and Captain Robert C. Young was promoted to fill the vacancy.
An Advance Party, consisting of Majors Scott and Graham, Captain
Boddie, Lieutenants Taylor, Williams, Richards, Dayton, Dixon, Mason,
Green, and Ailor, and a number of enlisted men, were sent ahead. And on
the 7th day of May, 1918, after a final clean-up of all men physically
unfit, the Regiment began to move.
CHAPTER III
Movements of troops are supposed to have been shrouded with secrecy,
but the thousands of visitors who had come to bid their sons a last
farewell preceded the troop trains, and the news of the coming spread like
wildfire. As a result, the passage through North and South Carolina was a
continuous ovation. Each village, town, and city turned out to cheer the
men as they passed. Half of the Regiment went north via Greenwood-Raleigh-
Richmond, and the other half via Charlotte-Greensboro-Lynchburg. The Red
Cross handled the feeding of the troops, at points en route, in a most
satisfactory manner. The movement continued for two days, the troops
detraining at Camp Merritt, a few miles north of New York City.
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It was thought that the Regiment was equipped for overseas service, but
such did not prove to be the case. Practically everything the men had, in
the way of clothing, was taken from them and new issued. This meant work
without rest for the 1st and 2nd Battalions and Supply Company, who
arrived one day and were promptly told they would leave on the next. The
remaining units were kept at Camp Merritt for nearly a week, and, as there
was no room for drilling, practically every man was given an opportunity
to see a little of New York City. This was a great experience for most of
the men.
The entire Regiment embarked for overseas at Boston--the first units
leaving on H. M. T. Bohemia, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel McGhee,
and the remainder of the Regiment one week later on H. M. T. Miltiades,
under command of Brigadier-General S. L. Faison. The men were badly
crowded on both boats, and the food by no means good. The latter was due,
in part, to the men of the Regiment not being accustomed to eating the
kind of food preferred by Australians, and, as both boats had been used in
the Australian transport service, they had been provisioned to suit those
troops. The voyage over for both boats was perfect, in so far as the
weather was concerned, and uneventful save for the usual attacks by
submarines. These attacks were unsuccessful in all cases and served to
enliven what would have been a monotonous voyage. It is believed some of
these submarines were accounted for. The troops on the Bohemia were
disembarked at Liverpool, going by rail to Folkestone, and from there to
Calais by boat. Those on the Miltiades were disembarked near London, going
by rail to Dover, and from there to Calais by boat. The entire movement of
the Regiment to France was completed on the 5th of June, 1918. On landing
in England all ranks were given a facsimile of an autograph letter of
welcome from His Majesty, George V.
At Calais, the troops were marched to a British Rest Camp just outside
the city. Here everything, except the clothing on the men's backs, was
turned in for salvage. All was piled in warehouses to be sorted out by
Chinese laborers. Some of these laborers having been killed by American
sentinels, at an earlier date, resulted in an order being issued
requesting American soldiers to refrain from killing Chinamen. In this
land of killing it seemed a little out of place, but it must be remembered
a Chinaman had a greater value in shillings and pounds than an ordinary
soldier.
The Regiment, having been reëquipped with British equipment throughout--
helmets, gas masks, and rifles--marched to the station and entrained as
part of the British Army. All ranks were much dissatisfied, at first, over
the assignment to the British Army, and for a long time the constant query
was "When do we go South?" but in course of time it was changed to "We
don't want to go South." At Calias the distant thunder of guns could be
heard, and
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the nightly air raids with the accompaniment of bombs, taking their
nightly toll of women and children, gave the first touch of war, and
opened the eyes of many to the kind of enemy they were to fight.
On entraining at Calais the Regiment had its first experience with the
famous French troop trains of "40 Homme or 8 Chevaux." Fortunately the
introduction was brief--the troops detraining two hours later at Audriucq
in the Eperlecques Training Area. Regimental Headquarters was located at
Chateau Cocove, Headquarters Company at Grasse Payelle, 1st Battalion at
Zutkerque, 2nd Battalion at La Montaire, 3rd Battalion at Nielles, Machine
Gun Company at Nortleulingham, and the Supply Company at Lostrat. Once
more the entire Regiment was together and training was begun again.
CHAPTER IV
In the Eperlecques Training Area, British officers and N. C. O.'s, from
the 4th Bedfordshire Battalion, were assigned to the Regiment, and, under
the personal direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Edwards, British Army,
supervised the instruction within the Regiment, seeing that only the most
recent developments were followed. The services of these officers and men
were of special value in preventing the wasting of effort on nonessentials.
At this time the enemy was believed to be preparing a drive in the
vicinity of Hazebrouck. Another effort to secure the Channel Ports. This
Regiment, in case the attack came, was to move by force marches and occupy
part of the "Terdeghem Switch Line." This line was to be "held at all
cost." Plans were made, orders issued, and officers were sent forward to
make the necessary reconnaissance, so as to be able to occupy their proper
position in the line promptly and without confusion. Fortunately the
attack failed to materialize and training continued.
An important part of the training in this area consisted in sending
details of officers and men up for periods of a week to two weeks with the
33rd and 49th British Divisions. These Divisions were holding the Ypres
Salient. The details were carried up in old London busses which had been
in use since the first days of the war, and were still giving excellent
service.
Each man returned with a clearer perception of the work he had to do,
and a fund of stories for his less fortunate comrades. Some of the best
stories of the Regiment were collected in and around Ypres. Fortunately
only a few casualties resulted from these trips, as the British troops had
been ordered to restrain the natural inquisitiveness of the Americans.
In this area the Regiment received British transportation, and the
Regimental Supply Service was reorganized to conform with that of the
British Army. This was a most important change, and, when put into
practice later on, worked without a hitch.
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[image caption: Map]
To create a feeling of confidence in the artillery is particularly
desired in infantry troops, as nothing is harder on their morale than to
have a feeling of uncertainty as to whether their own artillery can be
depended upon to shoot where they aim. In order that all ranks might see
the actual handling of a barrage a practical illustration was given, and
it certainly had the desired effect on both officers and men.
Sir Douglas Haig and General Pershing both inspected part of the troops
while in this area. As a result of this inspection, and the reports of his
officers, the former requested this Division to be one of the two
remaining with the British Army. While here a great many new officers
joined the Regiment. They were part of "Pershing's Traveling Circus," and
proved to be some of the most efficient officers the Regiment had.
Before the completion of training, the Regiment was transferred as part
of the Division to the II British Corps, Second Army, commanded,
respectively, by Major-General Jacobs and General Plumer, moving up in
close support to the 33rd and 49th British Divisions in the Ypres Salient,
where an attack was expected.
On the 2nd of July, 1918, the Regiment marched from the billets to the
eastern edge of the Foret D'Eperlecque, where it bivouacked for the night.
On the morning of the 3rd the movement was resumed, and the night of the
3rd was spent at Rubrouck. On the morning of the 4th of July part of the
Division crossed into Belgium--the first American troops in the little
kingdom. This Regiment marched to Herzeele where it remained for five days
in training. When the Regiment entered this village Belgian and French
flags were flying from the houses in honor of the American holiday. At
Herzeele the officers and men, sent from the States as an Advance Party,
rejoined their organizations. Prior to this the 1st Battalion had been
commanded by Captain Leonard and the 2nd Battalion by Captain Fuller.
On leaving Herzeele the Regiment marched to "Road and Ball Camps."
These two camps were two and three miles north of Watou. They would
accommodate about 4,000 men in huts, each hut holding about 30 men. The
huts were constructed from sheet iron and known as "Nisson huts." After
the camps had been thoroughly cleaned they made very comfortable quarters.
Every precaution had to be taken in this area with lights, as enemy
bombing planes were over every favorable night, and, while the entire
country was believed to be infested with spies, these camps were, for some
reason, never bombed, though offering an excellent target.
What was known as phase "B" of training was begun immediately upon
arrival in this area. This training was arranged so as to give the
Regiment the maximum amount of actual front line experience, and at the
same time holding out a sufficient number of troops to complete and occupy
the East Poperinghe Line, which line
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was to be held by Americans should the enemy attack about the middle of
July as was expected. For the purpose of carrying on this training the
60th Brigade was attached to the 33rd British Division, commanded by
General Penny, and this Regiment feels deeply indebted to the officers and
men of this British Division for their never-failing willingness to render
every possible assistance to this Regiment.
It was necessary, shortly after the Regiment arrived at "Road Camp," to
send the 1st and 3rd Battalions, under command of Major Phillips, back to
Recques to complete their firing. The battalions moved by train from
Proven to Audriucq, returning the same way, on the 19th of July.
Under phase "B" of training each battalion would spend eight days in
"Road Camp," eight days in the "Blue" or East Poperinghe Line, and eight
days in the front system. During the period of eight days in the front
system, for two days and nights the men were distributed among the British
troops, two days and nights platoons were distributed among the British,
two days and nights companies were distributed the same way, and the last
two days and nights the sector was taken over by the battalion. The
reserve and support battalions were used to complete the East and West
Poperinghe Systems. The entire plan was carried out successfully. The 2nd,
1st, and 3rd Battalions, in order named, were sent through the course,
beginning the nights of the 16th and 17th of July. While holding the "Blue
Line," momentarily expecting an attack, one of the battalions was aroused
in the early hours by the bursting of grenades. Every one was "turned out"
quickly, expecting to find the enemy coming through the wire, only to
learn one Private Ball, having become weary on a lonely post, had gathered
together a quantity of grenades, and for his own amusement was putting
down, as he termed it, a "hand gunnade barrage."
Troops were moved into the forward area by marching, guides being
furnished by the British Units; when the tour was completed, the battalion
was entrained on a light railway near Ypres, detraining at Remy Siding,
two miles south of Poperinghe and marching to "Road Camp." During this
phase of training the Machine Gun Company was under the direction of the
Division Machine Gun Officer, and was attached for training to the British
Machine Gun Battalion. The Trench Mortar Battery was attached, one team at
a time, to the 19th and 98th T. M. B.'s. The 37-mm. Platoon, there is no
similar unit in the British Army, was attached, from August 7th to 11th,
to the 33rd British Machine Gun Corps. The Pioneers was attached, for
nearly a month, to the 18th Middlesex Pioneer Regiment, and took part with
this Regiment in the consolidation of Scottish Woods, which had been taken
by the British. The Signal Platoon, which had been reinforced by a platoon
from the 105th Field Signal Battalion, under command of Lieutenant
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Workman, was divided between the battalions and trained with the
battalion. The Sanitary Detachments were with their respective battalions.
The Band was not permitted to go forward, musicians are too hard to
replace, and of too great value in maintaining the morale of the men. The
Supply Detachments of each battalion went as far forward as possible each
night with food and water, and at designated points they were met by
carrying parties from each platoon or company. During this phase of
training units in the line were not permitted to participate in trench
raids, but were permitted and encouraged to actively patrol No Man's Land
at all times. Several successful skirmishes were had with the enemy, who
tried on several occasions to rush the outpost line, but no prisoners were
lost and none were taken.
An interesting event to American troops, while at "Road Camp," was an
inspection by King George. His coming was a profound secret, known only to
a few, but the "underground route" soon spread the news. Everything was
"shined up." The men who were not to be inspected lined the road so as to
have a glimpse of His Majesty. The troops were formed without arms, such
being the custom, but the men believed the British were afraid some of
them would take a "pot shot" at their ruler. At the time appointed a long
line of motors drove up, and from one flying a miniature "Royal Standard"
the King descended. Accompanied by a galaxy of British officers, the
Division and Brigade commanders of the 30th Division, and the regimental
commanders, who joined the party as it passed in front of the officers of
the Division, the King quickly inspected the front rank of the troops in
formation. It was all over in a few minutes--he came, he saw, and he
departed amid the cheers of the troops.
Another memorable incident was a visit by Elsie Janis, who "put on" her
"show" at Watou. Unfortunately two battalions were in the line--so only a
small part of the Regiment were fortunate enough to see this "regular
fellow," who was the only entertainer not overlooking the existence of
this Regiment from June to November. Those who witnessed the performance
will long remember it as the only bit of cheer brought to the Regiment
when it was most needed.
During this period Major-General E. M. Lewis, who had commanded the
Infantry Brigade of the 2nd Division, assumed command of the Division.
General Faison returned to the Brigade and Colonel Minor to the Regiment.
Lieutenant-Colonel McGhee was transferred to the port of Calais. Major
Phillips went to the Claims Department, Captains Mobley and Fuller to the
Service of Supply, Captain Walter Clark, Jr., to the Line School, and
afterwards to the Staff College. Captain Newby, Lieutenants Stegall, Gray,
and McRae were returned in a higher grade to the States to assist in
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training a new Division. Captain S. P. Boddie was put in command of 3rd
Battalion, and the other vacancies were filled by the senior officer with
the Company.
CHAPTER V
The training of the Division was finished. It was now ready to fight
alone--so arrangements were made to take over the "Canal Sector" of the
Ypres Salient, or simply "The Salient," as it is commonly called, from the
33rd British Division. This sector extended from Zillebeke Lake, which had
at one time been the chief water supply for the ancient City of Ypres, but
was now empty of water, and located just a little northeast of Lille Gate;
hence southeast for 2,400 meters to the vicinity of the City of
Voormezeele. The ground was very low, easily flooded, and the water so
near the surface that each shell hole became a little pool. All of the
high ground, Observatory Ridge, Passchendaele Ridge, and the famous Mont
Kimmel, was held by the enemy. These points of observation enabled the
enemy to detect any movement within the sector, and, as a result, daylight
movement was of necessity reduced to a minimum, for even small parties
would provoke instant and heavy shelling. The Salient was so deep and so
narrow it was subjected to shell-fire from front, flanks, and rear.
Oftentimes the men in the forward systems believed they were being shelled
by their own artillery, when as a matter of fact the shells were from
enemy guns on our right and rear.
The entire sector is a ghastly monument to the tenacity and courage of
the British soldiers. For four long years they held it against bitter
attacks by a determined enemy; to-day it is consecrated ground made sacred
by the bodies of hundreds of thousands of Britain's finest sons; and the
few Americans who lie "where poppies bloom" died not for humanity alone,
for in dying they brought closer the bonds of blood which unite the two
great nations. Knowing its history it seemed a grave responsibility for
new and untried troops, though it was an honor to be considered worthy of
the trust.
The relief was to be made on the night of the 17-18 of August. The 60th
Brigade relieving the 33rd British Division, the 59th Brigade being in
reserve. This Regiment took over from the 16th King's Royal Rifle Corps
the 2nd Worcestershires, the 9th Highland Light Infantry, the Yorshire
Dragoons, and the 100th Trench Mortar Battery, all of the 100th Brigade
British, commanded by Brigadier-General Baird, and, on the left of the
sector, the 119th Infantry taking over the right of the sector. On the
afternoon of the 16th the Regiment marched from "Road and Ball Camps," the
1st and 2nd Battalions occupying what is known as the "Yellow Line," and
the 3rd Battalion occupying the "Blue
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Line." Both of these lines were reserve lines. Advance parties had been
sent forward to familiarize themselves with the sector, and to make any
detailed arrangements necessary for the relief. On the evening of the 17th
the 1st and 2nd Battalions moved forward from the "Yellow Line"--the 3rd
Battalion occupying the vacated position. British guides met the relieving
troops at Vlamertinghe Mill at 7:15 P. M.; at 9:00 P. M. Regimental
Headquarters closed at Chateau Elizabeth, near Poperinghe, and reopened a
short while after at "Pulse Farm." The night was frightfully dark, and it
would have been no surprise if the relief had not been completed that
night, but, thanks to careful arrangements, 1:00 A. M. saw the last of the
British depart. The "Bloody Salient," so long British, was now American in
part.
The 1st Battalion was on the right--headquarters at Belgian Battery
Corner; 2nd Battalion on the left--headquarters near Kruistraat; both
battalions with one company in front and outpost line--one company in
support and two companies in reserve. This disposition was later changed
to the one shown on map. The 3rd Battalion, as part of the Brigade
Reserve, in "Yellow Line," with headquarters at Erie Farm. The Trench
Mortars and observers took over the positions held by the British. The
Pioneers and Signals were apportioned between the battalions. The Machine
Gun Company relieved the British Machine Gun Company under the direction
of the Divisional Machine Gun Officer.
The policy of the Regiment was to be one of aggression. Supremacy in No
Man's Land was to be secured and held. To this end the entire front was
covered with strong patrols each night. No prisoners had been taken for
quite a number of weeks, in spite of every effort, and as a result no one
knew exactly the condition in front of the Regiment. The enemy system of
defense was one of machine gun outpost, which were shifted every night,
and a few fixed positions fortified and strongly held. The defense of the
sector was based on two contingencies: First, in case an attack was
expected; second, in case of a surprise attack. Should an attack be
expected all of the troops were to be withdrawn from the front system to
the support lines, with the exception of certain strong points or centers
of resistance such as "Bedford House" and "Swan Chateau." These centers
were to hold on until counter attacks could be organized and launched from
the support line. Should the attack be in the nature of surprise each line
was to be held until every man was killed. The British Artillery, covering
the front, was active at all times, shelling the enemy back-areas and
engaged in counter battery work both day and night.
Beyond skirmishes between patrols and outpost everything in the sector
was normal. On the 20th the troops were withdrawn from the outpost system
to enable the heavy artillery to put down a destructive fire on certain
strong positions of the enemy which
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were uncomfortably near the line. Airplane photos, taken after the
shelling, revealed considerable damage. The lines were reoccupied without
opposition. On the night of August 22-23 the 3rd Battalion relieved the
1st Battalion--the latter going to the "Yellow Line."
Shortly after the 3rd Battalion took over they sent in the first
prisoner captured by the Division--a Chinaman, and from the excitement
produced at Army Headquarters one would have thought the Chinese Army had
been identified on the Western Front. No information could be obtained, as
his English vocabulary was limited to "Yes" and "Calais," so he was sent
to the rear accompanied by the following note from the Battalion
Commander: "Here is a Chinaman, captured near Post No. 5. He is either on
leave or A. W. O. L. In either case he picked a damn bad place to spend
it. BODDIE."
On the night of August 28-29 the 1st Battalion relieved the 2nd
Battalion--the latter moving to the position vacated by the 1st Battalion.
On the night of August 26th a cloud gas attack was made on the front of
this Regiment. The attack was handled by the 105th Engineer Regiment. This
Regiment furnished 400 men to assist. 2,520 cylinders of gas, phosgene,
and chlorine on nine trains of seven three-ton truck each were conveyed by
Light Railway to Trois Rois Spur. From here the cars were pushed by hand
to positions just behind the outpost line. All troops were withdrawn from
the outpost line. At 3:00 A. M., with the wind blowing about four miles
per hour directly towards the enemy lines, the gas was released
simultaneously from all cylinders. The enemy immediately sent up hundreds
of lights of every description and opened fire with machine guns over the
entire front. These latter gradually died out as the gas cloud rolled over
them. It was a beautiful sight and a successful attack, but prisoners
taken later on stated there were no casualties beyond a few horses. The
outpost line was reoccupied the following night.
All arrangements had been completed for the relief of this Regiment by
the 117th Infantry on the night of September 1-2, but, on account of
increased activity on this front, the relief was cancelled. On August 31st
the enemy was reported as withdrawing on the front of the II British
Corps. All troops forming a part of this corps were directed to establish
touch with the enemy at once and ascertain if this report was true. Two
strong combat patrols were sent over about the middle of the day from each
battalion. They were ordered to proceed as far as Middlesex Road, and if
the enemy was not in strength to establish a new outpost line along that
road; but, most important of all, prisoners for identification and
information were desired. The enemy was developed in strength along the
entire front so the patrols returned with few casualties to
Page 17
the original lines. One of the patrols from the 1st Battalion, under
command of Lieutenant Boyd, secured 14 prisoners--the first taken by the
Regiment. These prisoners furnished a great deal of valuable information
and identified the unit on the front.
On the morning of September 1st an attack was made by the Second
British Army. The 1st and 3rd Battalions, this Regiment, was ordered to
push forward 100 to 1,000 yards, establishing a new line from Lock No. 8
on Canal, running north of Lankhof Farm to Zillebeke Lake. The principal
objective was Lankhof Farm, a strongly fortified position surrounded by a
moat. The fighting was very bitter, but, with the coöperation of the
artillery, who maintained close liaison with the commanding officer of the
1st Battalion, the new line was taken and consolidated, for the
consolidation troops were sent up from the 2nd Battalion and from the
engineers. The 119th Infantry made a successful advance on the right,
taking Voormezeele.
On the night of September 4-5 the Regiment was relieved by the 105th
and part of the 104th British Brigades. On the completion of the relief
the Regiment proceeded by marching to Dirty Bucket Camp.
While in the line the trench mortars fired from 100 to 200 projectiles
daily on known and suspected enemy positions, provoking prompt and heavy
retaliation, much to the disgust of the infantry, who have no love for
trench mortars.
In advance of September 1-2 emplacements were established well forward
and covered the consolidation of the new line. The 37-mms. were kept in
reserve, but on the day of the advance two guns were sent forward in
command of Lieutenant Lowry, but did not become engaged. The Pioneers were
divided between the battalions and aided in the consolidation. Prior to
that time they were engaged in the construction of dugouts and shelters.
The Signals in this and future operations maintained excellent
communications at all times. The Regimental Machine Gun Company covered
the front of the Regiment for the first eight days--harrassing the enemy
lines at night. The day of the advance two guns were ordered forward from
the rear to cover consolidation. The Intelligence Service, both battalion
and regimental, functioned well at all times.
CHAPTER VI
September 5th and 6th were devoted to cleaning up. The entire Regiment
was deloused and bathed at "Kill Bug Station and Hop Factory," each man
receiving a clean suit of underwear. After a period in the line the little
bugs were plentiful.
On September 3rd, prior to the relief, orders had been issued for the
transfer of this Regiment as part of the Division to the 3rd British Army.
This Army was holding the sector in the vicinity of Arras and was
commanded by General Byng.
Page 18
The movement began on the evening of September the 6th, continued all
night, and was completed on the morning of the 7th. Troops and transports
marched from Dirty Bucket Camp to Proven where they entrained. It was a
distinction to have been part of the first American Division in Belgium;
it was a privilege to have held and fought in the Ypres Salient, which
with Verdun is the most famous spot in the World-War, but it was with a
decided feeling of relief the salient was turned back to the British and
there were no regrets, save the 1st Battalion who have failed to find "The
Lady of Ypres," when Flanders' mud was left behind. The journey by train
lasted twelve hours--troops detraining at Wavrans west of St. Pol, and
marching to a billeting area east of St. Pol; Regimental Headquarters,
Headquarters and Machine Gun Companies to Herlincourt, 1st Battalion to
Petit Houvin, 2nd Battalion to Framecourt, and 3rd Battalion to Croisette.
On detraining at Wavrans the 1st Battalion established a record by
unloading all troops and transportation in nineteen minutes.
This was by far the most beautiful and comfortable area in which the
Regiment was ever billeted. Here an opportunity was given to apply in
training what had been learned by experience. Fortunately there was a tank
school in this area, so all ranks had an opportunity of seeing how troops
should work in connection with heavy tanks--Companies "A," "E," and "K"
giving a practical demonstration. Such an opportunity as this was rarely
had by American troops, and the knowledge gained here was doubtless of
great value in future operations when tanks were used.
On the 17th and 18th of September the Division was moved to the
Puchevillers Area, near Albert. This Regiment entrained on the 17th at
Petit Houvin--the transport going by road, and staging for the night of
the 17th at Bouque-Maison, and detrained about six hours later near
Acheux, Regimental Headquarters--Headquarters and Machine Gun Companies
and 1st Battalion going to Acheux, 2nd and 3rd Battalions to Forceville,
and the Supply Company to Rosel.
This area, until a few weeks before the arrival of the Regiment, had
been under shell fire. A few of the inhabitants were just beginning to
return. The entire country was filled with wire entanglements, trenches,
and unsalvaged ammunitions of every description. A perfect training
ground; no crops, no houses, no hedges to bother about, trenches dug, wire
up, and ammunition to be had on every hand. All worked hard to profit by
this wonderful opportunity, and the training was concluded in this area by
a regimental problem on the 23rd of September, which, strange to say,
fitted nearly exactly the big attack the Regiment was to take part in on
the 29th of September.
While in these two areas the following changes were made in the officer
personnel: Captains Fuller, Price, and Page were transferred
Page 19
[image caption: Map]
to the Service of Supply, Captain Byrd was assigned to "G" Company,
Captain St. John was assigned to "M" Company, Captain Mays was assigned to
"D" Company, Captain Chapman, the Regiment's only Regular Army officer,
reported and was assigned to "F" Company. Those who knew Captain Chapman
while at Camp Sevier felt the Regiment was to be congratulated on his
assignment, and it was the source of genuine regret when he was killed in
the first action with the Regiment. Major Scott was promoted to Lieutenant-
Colonel, but requested permission to remain in command of his battalion
until after the approaching operation.
CHAPTER VII
On the night of September 23, 1918, the Division was transferred to the
4th British Army, commanded by General Rawlinson. No one knew what was to
take place, but each man in the Regiment felt the time had come for the
Regiment to prove its worth. The Regiment was formed in columns of two's
on the road between Acheux and Forceville. Lorry after lorry rolled into
place, and at 8:00 P. M. all troops were embussed and ready to move into
the night. All night long the movement continued through Albert, Peronne,
Doingt, and along the marshy Somme. With the sky growing lighter in the
east the Regiment debussed at Cartigny and marched to Tincourt. Once more
the flash of guns and the burst of "Very lights" could be seen. The same
day the Regiment was joined by a detail of Australian officers and men,
who were to give whatever assistance the Regiment might need; and from
these Australians more was learned in the short period they were with the
Regiment, particularly as regards the rationing of troops in the line,
than in the entire period of training. In the afternoon the Regiment
marched to Hervilly. Regimental Headquarters was in the side of a sunken
road. The troops were scattered wherever room could be found, the mass of
artillery, infantry, and cavalry filling the entire country.
The Regiment learned that in front of it lay the hitherto impregnable
positions of the Hindenburg Line, against which many fruitless attacks had
been made; that the British Army had been given the task of fighting the
only decisive battle in the World-War; that the place of honor in this
attack between Cambria and St. Quentin had been given the 4th British
Army; that the 30th Division, as part of the 4th British Army, would
attack in the center with the 46th British on the right and the 27th
American on the left; that the 119th and 120th Infantry Regiments had been
selected to do the job, with the 117th Infantry to follow and attack to
the right after crossing the Canal, and 118th Infantry as Divisional
Reserve.
Page 20
This Regiment's sector of the Hindenburg System consisted: First, of
three rows of heavy barbed wire, woven so thick as to resemble a mass of
vines and briars intermingled--each row was from thirty to forty feet in
depth, and to which the artillery fire did but little damage; second,
three rows of the Hindenburg trenches, on which four years of work had
been spent; third, the backbone of the entire system, Bellicourt, the St.
Quentin Canal Tunnel. This Canal passed for a distance of 6,000 yards
underground from Le Catlet on the north to Recquval on the south. It had
been built by the Great Napoleon, and in some places was 193 feet
underground. The Germans filled the Canal with barges, lighted it with
electric lights, and fitted it with dressing stations. On the barges
accommodations were provided for a division of troops, where they could
rest secure from any shell-fire. The end of the tunnel had been closed
with ferro-concrete walls with openings left for machine gun. To the
trench system and to the town of Bellicourt, overhead, ran concrete
tunnels through which troops could move to reinforce the front line or to
occupy the prepared positions in Bellicourt; third, the Catlet-Nauroy
Line, a supporting system; and, fourth, the village of Nauroy, which had
been prepared for defense. Over the entire area were machine guns without
number, not only the probable approaches, but every inch of front was
covered by one or more guns. The Germans believed the position could not
be taken, and even when lost prisoners would not believe it to be
possible, and laughed at those who would tell them.
As fast as information was secured it was passed on to unit commanders
in conference. Later on this same information was published in memorandums
and distributed down to and including platoon commanders. Some of the most
interesting of these memorandums, together with the attack order, are
given in the sequence issued.
LIQA
(Code name of Regiment)
September 26, 1918.
MEMORANDUM:
1. "Mopping up" parties, as soon as designated, will submit a plan for
mopping up areas allotted to them. They will provide themselves with a
plentiful supply of phosphorus bombs in addition to hand grenades.
2. Battalion Commanders will provide themselves with signal rockets,
size No. 32, white over white over white. These will be fired when
objective is reached.
3. Message carrying rockets will be drawn.
4. Metal disk will be fastened on the inside of gas mask, on flap, to
be shown on call from aircraft. Only men in the front line should show
same. All ranks will be provided with this signal.
[image caption: Map]
Page 21
5. Red flares will be drawn for attacking troops which will be lit to
indicate the new line. Four or five should be lighted in a group, not more
than 30 yards apart, and only on signal.
6. Men will be cautioned to keep as close to the barrage as possible--
possibly within 25 yards of tanks--as only by keeping close to barrage can
casualties be avoided.
7. See that signal lamps are ready, and that message maps are on hand
before going over.
8. Tanks: Helmet stuck on bayonet attracts attention of tank, and it
should be pointed in direction of machine gun or nest. Tank will stop to
let you know he has seen signal. Green and white flag from tank shows that
enemy has been cleaned up and advance may continue. Yellow and red flag
indicates that tank is in trouble--advance will continue without tank.
Tanks coming out of action fly red, white and blue flag. Five (5) men will
be selected from each battalion to go with tanks. Good men will be
selected, and they will report the day before attack. Some Infantry may be
required to proceed tanks to look out for mines--select men in case they
should be called for. Regimental and Company stretcher bearers will take
care of tank wounded. Send message by D. R. to Tank Commander about same.
All men will be cautioned to look out for tanks so as to avoid being run
over. Infantry will assist tanks by rushing strong points.
9. Caution men again about Boche traps, and, if necessary, use Boche to
open doors of dugouts and to go in first.
10. Prisoners will be sent to Battalion Headquarters. Officers and N.
C. O.'s will be promptly searched and separated from other ranks. A very
few men can handle a large number of Boche prisoners.
11. Two or three men will be designated on the flanks of each battalion
who will be responsible for direction. These men will carry prismatic
compasses.
12. Packs will probably be put in dumps. Each man going over only
carries rations and slicker. These packs should be properly made and
tagged.
13. Each unit commander will keep in touch with his next higher
commander.
14. Impress upon all men that speed is essential to success. Clean up
as the advance is made, and leave an open road for the Australian coming
behind.
JOHN O. WALKER,
Capt., Operating Officer, for
Commanding Officer.
Page 22
LIQA
September 27, 1918.
SECRET:
FIELD ORDER NO. 30.
MAPS 62-B N. W., 1/20,000,
62-C N. E., 1/20,000.
1. INFORMATION:
(a) "Zed" day and "H" hour this Regiment will attack the enemy's
positions in the Hindenburg Line. The 46th British Division will attack on
our right; the 119th Infantry will attack on our left.
(b) Attack will be made after a preliminary bombardment under a
creeping barrage, and supported by tanks.
(c) This Regiment will be followed by the 117th Infantry, who will
attack south and east of the Canal.
(d) The 117th Infantry will be followed by the 5th Australian Division,
which will pass through this Regiment when final objective has been taken,
and go forward to their objective.
2. PLAN:
(a) This Regiment will attack with the 3rd Battalion on the right, 2nd
Battalion on the left, and 1st Battalion in support.
(b) Regimental Boundaries:
Southern limit--G 20 b 4.4 to G 12 d 0.0.
Northern limit--From G 8 c central, along Sentinel Ridge and Sunken
Road through center of Bellicourt to railroad G 4 d 0.3, along railroad to
Sunken Road G 5 d 7.6, east to objective.
(c) Inter-Battalion Boundary: From G 14 c 6.2, along Ridge to G 10 c
5.6 on Canal Tunnel, up Riqueval Ravine to Sunken Road, and east along
trench to objective.
(d) Regimental Objective: G 6 a 6.0 to G 6 d 4.4 to G 12 b 5.5 to G 12
b 0.0 to G 12 d 0.0.
(e) Line taken will not be consolidated.
3. DISPOSITIONS:
(a) 3rd Battalion: 3rd Battalion will attack with two Companies in the
front line and two in support. A Company from the 117th Infantry will
attack on the right of the 3rd Battalion as far as Canal Bank. This
Company will be under the command of the C. O. 3rd Battalion until the
attack is launched. This Company will be supported by a Company of M. G.'s.
2nd Battalion: 2nd Battalion will attack on the left with two Companies
in the front line and two Companies in support.
1st Battalion: 1st Battalion will detail one Company to "mop up"
Bellicourt, one Company to "mop up" trenches in the Hindenburg Line, one-
half Company to seize and hold the southern exit of the Canal Tunnel, and
remainder of this Company to seize and hold exits on Tunnel. Units
Page 23
to seize and hold all known exits from Canal will be detailed at once, and
will go straight to objective. The remaining Company will be disposed of
by the Battalion Commander. All troops not otherwise used, and can be
spared from mopping up trenches, will assist in mopping up Bellicourt.
(b) Attacking Battalions will attack with first wave in skirmish lines,
with 30 yards between lines. The second wave of the Attacking Battalions
will be in combat groups, 30 yards in rear of first wave. The Support
Companies of Attacking Battalions will follow second wave at 50 yards.
Support Companies will be in combat groups. Support Battalion will follow
Support Companies of Attacking Battalions at 50 yards, and will be in
combat groups.
(c) Special Units:
(1) Trench Mortars: Two T. M.'s will report to each battalion commander
on Zed minus one day. Remaining two T. M.'s will go forward with the first
wave, and are assigned the special task of covering the southern exist of
Canal Tunnel.
(2) Machine Guns: Two M. G.'s will report on Zed minus one day to each
battalion commander for the purpose of protecting his flanks. Two M. G.'s
will report to left battalion commander, and will move forward between the
Attacking Battalions. The remaining M. G.'s, under the command of the M.
G. Officer, will move forward in the rear of the Support Battalion, and
will be used to replace guns knocked out or on special targets.
(3) 37-mm. Guns: One 37-mm. gun will report on Zed minus one day to
each battalion commander.
(4) Pioneer Platoon: Pioneer Platoon will follow Support Battalion, and
will place sign-boards indicating routes forward to Battalion Head-
quarters. They will also prepare crossings necessary to get transports
forward. When Support Battalion halts at their objective they will push
forward and mark routes to Attacking Battalion Headquarters.
(d) Jumping-off line will be tapes on Zed minus one night. Troops will
be on tape at H, minus one hour. Covering parties will be withdrawn at H,
minus 15 minutes. Tanks should be in place at H, minus 10 minutes, and
troops will immediately close up on tanks. If tanks fail to arrive when
barrage is put down, troops will close up to barrage.
(e) Creeping barrage will lift 100 yards every 3 minutes until Canal
Tunnel is passed. Barrage will halt 15 minutes 500 yards east of Canal
Tunnel. When advance is resumed creeping barrage will move at rate of 100
yards in 4 minutes, until final objective is reached. Beyond final
objective it will be put down for a period.
(f) Tanks: Instructions previously given in regard to tanks will be
followed. Guides will be furnished each tank to bring them to their
position on the tape.
4. (a) Liaison will be from right to left. All units will send liaison
agents to the unit on their left. Each Attacking Battalion will send one
Page 24
officer to Regimental Headquarters on Zed minus one day, for liaison
purposes. Each battalion will send 7 men to Regimental Headquarters on Zed
minus one day, as runners.
(b) An advance report center will be established in dugouts G 14 d 4.6,
where wire communication will be found. Final objective taken, center of
information will be found in Sunken Road near G 11 a 1.1.
(c) Liaison with aircraft as previously instructed.
(d) Attacking troops will be equipped according to instructions
previously issued.
(e) Troops will be especially warned to keep out of dugouts until they
have been investigated by special troops.
(f) Guides to maintain direction will be on the right, left, and center
of each Attacking Battalion. Guides will be cautioned that in smoke screen
flaming shells will be fired to indicate position of barrage, but this can
not be relied upon. Compasses must be used. Compasses will be checked on
Zed minus one day.
(g) Administrative instructions follow:
5. Regimental Headquarters at L 23 b 7.6, moving to G 14 d 4.6 final
objective taken. Will move forward to Hindenburg Line when Bellicourt has
been mopped up.
JOHN O. WALKER,
Capt., Operation Officer, for
Commanding Officer.
LIQA
September 27, 1918.
MEMORANDUM:
1. Moppers up will take care of prisoners, forward battalions to send
no one back.
2. Notify men about sound of machine bullets in barrage. Also caution
them that shells, apparently coming from the rear, are long range German
shells from the flanks.
3. Don't call for S. O. S. barrage 15 minutes before zero hour--you
won't get it. Zero hour not to be written by any one.
4. All officers and N. C. O.'s will get all the rest possible on the
28th. All men must keep out of sight during the day. Scatter troops as
much as possible.
5. Tape line will be occupied by 4:30 A. M. on zero day. Covering
detachments will be withdrawn 15 minutes before zero.
6. One officer from each battalion to join tanks about 2,500 yards in
rear and guide them to tape line or jumping off place. Tank should reach
jumping off place about 10 minutes before zero hour.
7. Barrage will advance at rate of 3 minutes per 100 yards, until after
Canal is crossed, where it will halt 500 yards away for 15 minutes. When
movement is resumed advance will be at rate of 100 yards in 4 minutes.
Page 25
Attacking Battalions must not forget this 500 yards is to be closed up. It
will take 3 hours and 34 minutes for barrage to reach final objective.
8. Don't mistake heavy counter battery work for barrage.
9. On day before attack watches will be synchronized three times, and
officers required to check watches so they will know exact time of zero
hour.
10. Men must not leave holes and dugouts they are assigned to guard,
except on orders from an officer. These details are to be made beforehand.
11. Attacking Battalions are responsible for mopping up beyond Canal.
12. Entire town of Bellicourt will be taken and mopped up by one
Company from this Regiment. Details will be made by mopping up battalion
to seize and hold mouth of Tunnel and all exits. When Company mopping up
trenches has finished its job, located and left guards at each exit, they
will join Company in town and help out there. Detail for mouth of Tunnel
should consist one-half Company, Lewis guns, and two machine guns. Two
trench mortars will also be used.
13. Moppers up must have plenty of phosphorus grenades.
14. Remind men after tanks stop to follow barrage, otherwise keep in
rear of tanks. Infantry will be ready to drop in trench as soon as tanks
cross.
15. Leading elements are to go through and around obstacles, leaving
cleaning up to rear parties.
16. Americans--keep off of roads leading to rear; they must be kept
open for Australian Artillery. When artillery is captured a guard must be
placed on guns so sights can not be removed. We want the guns to fire on
the Germans.
17. Scouts will be placed in front of tanks to look out for mines and
traps up to Canal.
18. If artillery moves forward, nearest battalion commander will
furnish guard of one platoon for protection, if called on by the artillery
commander.
19. Water bottles to every other man. Caution men to get water bottles,
ammunition, and food from the dead.
20. Get prisoners out in groups as rapidly as possible.
21. Put guard on any aircraft which may come down.
SUMMARY
(a) Assaulting troops keep as close as possible to barrage.
(b) Mopping up should be complete.
(c) Keep information coming to the rear promptly and accurately. Time
of event should be in body of message.
(d) All men will be given all information in regard to the attack at
once.
JOHN O. WALKER,
Capt., Operation Officer, for
Commanding Officer.
Page 26
LIQA
September 28, 1918.
MEMORANDUM: To Battalion and Separate Unit Commanders.
1. Zero hour will be ----. When your units are lined up and in place
one hour before zero hour, notify these Headquarters by code word "Pork."
2. The 27th Division failed in its mission yesterday, and will fight
its way to its jumping off place to-morrow morning.
3. The barrage will fall at the designated place at zero hour.
4. Time table is changed as follows, and will remain on the original
barrage line 4 minutes instead of 3:
Each successive leap will be 4 minutes. It will halt for 15 minutes on
line previously designated.
Change your time tables accordingly.
5. The commanding officer of 3rd Battalion will notify attached units
as to location of clearing stations.
By order of Colonel Minor.
JOHN O. WALKER,
Capt., Operation Officer.
The change in the rate of advance by the barrage, one minute slower in
each 100 yards up to the Canal, required 4 hours instead of 3 hours and 34
minutes for it to cross final objective.
Prior to the attack the gallant Captain Dixon, who was instantly killed
while leading his men after having been previously wounded three times,
called the men of his company together, and they solemnly pledged
themselves to carry through to the objective, though only one man be left.
Captain Leonard counted his eggs and entrusted them to "Peter," who so far
forgot the war as to chase crippled quail in the midst of the enemy
counter barrage. Major Graham, who in this and future actions called
loudly and successfully for hot coffee at each halt, saw to his coffee and
his coffee-pot. Mr. Ritter, the "Y" man, collected thousands of francs
from the men, either to keep until they came out of the line or to send to
some one at home. Each officer and man was intent on making the job a
success, but each one could not help but wonder if the morrow spelt
"safety," "blighty," or "gone west" for him.
The attack was to be launched at 5:50 A. M. on the morning of the 29th,
so on the night of the 27-28 this Regiment relieved the 118th Infantry in
the right of the Divisional Sector. For 48 hours prior to the attack the
enemy defenses were under a continuous bombardment. Prisoners taken later
stated the shell-fire was so terrible it was impossible to bring up food
and supplies. Prisoners
Page 27
also stated that the attack was expected, as a British plane with a
barrage map had been shot down, but the zero hour was not known.
At 4:30 A. M. all troops were reported on the tape--the 3rd Battalion
on the right, the 2nd Battalion on the left, and the 1st Battalion in
support. All troops were moved away from the trenches, as the enemy
counter barrage was expected to come down promptly on the trench system,
the tanks lumbered into position--everything was ready. Promptly at 5:50
A. M. the barrage from fourteen brigades of artillery, in addition to the
heavies, came down. To this was added the machine gun barrage of all guns
of the three battalions of machine guns. The machine gun barrage started a
second ahead of the artillery. The troops who had closed up as close as
safety permitted to the barrage shook themselves out as they moved away.
All was going well when there settled over the entire area a fog so dense,
which, combined with the smoke in the barrage, made it impossible to see
more than six yards away. Officers lost all control over their troops. The
success of the attack now depended upon the individual, and the advantage
of giving each man as much information as possible was clearly seen, for
without hesitation the men moved on and on. At 7:25 A. M. the main
Hindenburg System had been crossed, and the mopping up battalion was
maintaining a constant flow of prisoners to the rear. At 11:30 A. M.
Nauroy was occupied, the Regiment was on the objective, and the
Australians had passed through. At 11:45 A. M. the cleaning up of
Bellicourt was completed. A part of the 117th Infantry crossed the Canal,
and attacked to the right and along the east side of the Canal.
This Brigade was the first unit on the entire British front to break
through the Hindenburg Line; this Regiment was the only unit taking all of
its objectives in this great attack on time. German officers captured,
when convinced the line was broken, said in despair, "All is lost--there
is nothing between you and the Rhine." The piles of empty shells at each
machine gun emplacement, and the casualty list, testified to the
bitterness of the fighting. The Regiment had proven its fighting worth,
and had earned the confidence of its allied comrades. The spoils captured
were enormous, but were left for salvage, uncounted.
After the fight was over the units were assembled in a support
position, and all expected the Regiment would pass through the Australians
for another attack, but instead of attacking the Division was withdrawn
from the line for a few days.
Page 28
CHAPTER VIII
On October the 1st, when the Division was withdrawn from the line, this
Regiment moved by marching to the Tincourt Area. On October the 2nd the
movement continued, the Regiment marching to Belloy, west of Peronne. This
area had been fought over for four years, changing hands time and again;
as a result, it was a perfect example of destruction--of many villages
nothing remained, no one would have known a house had ever existed but for
the signboard marking the site. It was hard to realize that this, the
Somme Country, had at one time been the most productive part of France. On
October the 5th the Regiment returned to the Tincourt Area, and on October
the 6th the movement continued to Villeret.
On the night of the 4-5 of October the Division, with the 59th Brigade
in line, relieved the 2nd Australian Division. The 59th Brigade, which had
an easy time on the 29th, was to attack on the morning of the 8th from the
vicinity of Montbrehain. The 27th American Division composed the reserve
for the 2nd American Corps. On the afternoon of the 8th of October this
Regiment, less the 1st and 2nd Battalions, moved to Joncourt.
The 1st and 2nd Battalions were sent forward on the 8th as reserve
battalions for the 59th Brigade. Two companies, "A" and "B," were used in
the front line near Premont, and "D" Company was used in the taking and
mopping up of Brancourt.
On the night of October 8-9 orders were received at 2:00 A. M. for this
Regiment to follow the 118th Infantry of the 59th Brigade, holding the
general line Premont-Brancourt in an attack to be launched at 5:30 A. M.
Three hours and a half is an exceedingly short time in which to prepare
orders and distribute them to the troops under the best of conditions. The
orders were quickly prepared and distributed to the 3rd Battalion, Machine
Gun Company, and Headquarters Company, who were well in hand. Officers,
who fortunately had the use of the Brigade Commander's car, left to get in
touch with the 1st and 2nd Battalions. At the 59th Brigade Headquarters
they were told that they, the 59th Brigade, had not notified the
battalions of this Regiment that the command had returned to the 60th
Brigade, and, furthermore, they only had time to notify their own units.
In spite of the lack of assistance given by this Brigade the battalions
were located, and the battalion commanders by almost superhuman effort
collected their companies and followed the 118th Infantry--the 2nd
Battalion on the right, the 1st Battalion on the left, and the 3rd
Battalion in support. In this and in future engagements the 3rd Battalion,
in support, was engaged shortly after the attacking battalions went into
action. This Regiment was to pass through the 118th Infantry, when it
reached its objective, and should have done so about 10:00 A. M.
Page 29
The 118th was held up, however, by machine gun fire from the right, and
this Regiment did not pass through and take its objective until 4:00 P. M.
The villages of Becquigny and La Haie Meneresse and the Bois De Busigny
were taken, and a platoon from the 3rd Battalion was diverted to assist in
taking the town of Bohain, where the unit on the right was held up.
The Commanding Officer of "G" Company, as usual, went in with sword in
one hand and spade in the other--close on his heels came his orderly,
Turner, with an S. O. S. rocket, which neither one knew how to use.
On the morning of the 10th the advance continued, and after severe
fighting the town of Vaux Andigny was taken. This position was enfiladed
from the Bellvue Farm on the right, and, as the right of the Regiment was
nearly 3,000 yards in the air, the troops were withdrawn a few hundred
yards to the western edge of Vaux Andigny. On the morning of the 11th the
118th Infantry, who had come up too late to take care of the right of this
Regiment, attacked through this Regiment, but was unable to advance more
than 200 yards. On the evening of the 11th the line was established east
of Vaux Andigny, and the 2nd and 3rd Battalions, this Regiment,
established touch with the 6th British Division on the right. On the night
of the 11th this Regiment was relieved by a regiment from the 27th
Division and proceeded by marching to Brancourt. On the morning of the
10th Major Boddie was wounded, and Captain Stone took command of the 3rd
Battalion.
In this and future engagements the Machine Gun Company and the special
units were divided between the three battalions, and advanced with them.
The country fought over was hilly, with many woods and plenty of
hedges, making an ideal country for the effective use of machine guns. The
enemy gave up no ground without a fight, and was apparently making a
desperate effort to hold the line of the La Selle River.
CHAPTER IX
At Brancourt the men were given as much rest as possible, about the
only detail work done was to bury dead horses and Boches. Improvised
bathing facilities were made and every one had a bath of a kind.
On the night of October 15-16 orders were received for an attack by the
Division on the morning of the 17th. The 59th Brigade took over the line
in the same place it had been turned over to the 27th Division, and the
entire divisional front was the front of this Regiment in the last
operation.
On the afternoon of the 16th the Regiment moved from Brancourt to a
wooded area on west of railroad and west of Becquigny; during the night
the woods were shelled by the enemy, and
Page 30
some casualties were inflicted. On the morning of the 17th the Regiment
was formed up with the 2nd Battalion on the right, the 1st Battalion on
the left, and the 3rd Battalion in support. The 59th Brigade attacked at
zero hour behind a creeping barrage, and supported by tanks storming the
heights of the La Selle River. This Regiment, following the 118th at 2,000
yards, was to pass through and carry on when they reached their objective,
but as the 118th Infantry did not reach their objective this Regiment did
not pass through. On the night of the 17th the line held by the 118th
Infantry was taken over by this Regiment; the 119th taken over from the
117th Infantry on the right, the 27th Division (American) being on the
left of this Regiment. At 5:30 A. M. on the mornings of the 18th and 19th
the Regiment attacked successfully, taking the town of Mazinghein, and
advancing to heights west of Caillon and overlooking the Sambre Canal. The
country fought over was very similar to that in the vicinity of Vaux
Andigny, and the desperate resistance of the enemy resulted in but few
prisoners being taken--practically all of the enemy having to be killed.
One battalion of the 118th Infantry was furnished this Regiment as a
reserve, but it never became necessary to use it, so during the entire
fighting it followed this Regiment at about 1,000 yards.
The Division had now become so depleted in strength it was withdrawn to
be refilled and refitted, the line being taken over by the 1st British
Division on the night of October 19-29; this Regiment on relief going to
St. Souplet; on the 20th the movement continued to Busigny; on the 21st to
Nauroy; on the 22nd to Tincourt; and on the 23rd the Regiment entrained at
Tincourt, detraining at Heilly and marching to a billeting area about 10
miles north of Amiens. Headquarters 1st and 2nd Battalions going to
Montigny, 3rd Battalion and Headquarters and Machine Gun Companies to
Brancourt Sur L'Hallue, and Supply Company to Lahoussoye.
CHAPTER X
Shortly after reaching the Montigny area the Regiment received about
300 replacements, these were the first replacements received by the
Regiment, also a good many men who had been wounded at Ypres were returned
to their organizations.
While at Montigny the first and only Regimental Party was held. It was
given to the officers of the Regiment by those officers who had been
promoted while in France, a great many escaped by being wounded. The only
outside officers were the Colonel of the 119th Infantry, the Chief of
Staff, and G 1. The Brigade Commander was greatly opposed to the party,
expressing the belief it would be nothing but a "caribou wallow." While it
was not known exactly
Page 31
what he meant, it was gathered that a "caribou wallow" was quite a
function in the Old Regular Army. The party was a great success, only one
casualty, and two missing. It was hoped to have had another, but an
opportunity never offered itself, much to the regret of all.
Training was started as soon as the men were given a very brief rest,
every effort being made to correct errors developed in actual combat.
While every man felt the end was not far distant, the Regiment fully
expected to jump off at least once more before the collapse came--so the
morning of the 11th of November found the Regiment engaged in a problem
preparing for an attack the latter part of the week. Just as the problem
was about to begin, at 10:00 A. M., a message was received announcing the
signing of the Armistice. The troops were told the good news, the problem
called off, and a holiday declared.
After the Armistice, until the Regiment embarked for home, work was
carried on, but now the incentive was lacking, and it became more and more
difficult to maintain interest or enthusiasm in doing "impossible problems
on impassable roads."
A week after the Armistice the Division was transferred from the
British to the American Army in the Le Mans Embarkation Area. This
Regiment marched to Corbie where it entrained, detraining at Beaumont and
marching to billets; Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters and Supply
Companies to Segrie; 3rd Battalion to Vernie, 2nd Battalion to Meseziers,
and Machine Gun Company to Asse Le Riboul. The villages of St.
Christopher, St. Sabine, and Sille were also used later on. This area was
in every respect the most unsatisfactory in which the Regiment was ever
billeted.
The Division was reviewed and inspected by General Pershing, Commander-
in-Chief, on January 21, 1919. A few days later it moved by marching to
the Forwarding Camp at Le Mans, stopping for one night en route in the
Montbizot area.
While in the Montigny area Major Graham was sent home to command new
troops as a Lieutenant-Colonel, but his promotion was stopped by the
Armistice. Major Comstock was assigned to the Regiment and placed in
command of the 2nd Battalion. Captain Leonard, who had been in command of
the 1st Battaliion, and Captain Jenkins were promoted to Majors, the
latter going to the 3rd Battalion. A new lot of most excellent Lieutenants
were also assigned to the Regiment. At Segrie and Forwarding Camp a great
many changes were made, many officers going to the Army of Occupation and
were replaced by officers from the 3rd Division, most of whom were later
sent home with casual troops from Bordeaux. Several officers left to take
advantage of the courses offered at British and French Universities.
Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, now Colonel Scott, took command of the Regiment--
Colonel
Page 32
Minor assuming command of the Brigade. Major McClintock was given the 3rd
Battalion and Major Walker the 2nd Battalion.
Early in March the Regiment was moved by rail from the Forwarding Camp
to the Embarkation Camp at St. Nazaire. This camp was the best in every
respect in which this Regiment had been located and was a credit to those
in charge. The final decision to land the Division in Charleston instead
of New York delayed the sailing, and it was not until the 1st of April
that the last of this Regiment cleared for home. The Regiment had been
broken into detachments after having been filled to strength, and now
every state in the Union was represented, except three, so each one felt
when half of the Regiment with the Regimental Commander sailed on U. S.
Transport Powhatan that he was bidding his friends a last farewell.
Fortunately two days later the remainder of the Regiment embarked on U. S.
Transport Martha Washington, and the Regiment was together again at Camp
Jackson before being mustered out.
The voyage over was uneventful. The naval officers and men endeavored
to make the return home as pleasant as possible; the troops were landed at
Charleston, where they were well taken care of by the Red Cross. An hour
after landing the first train pulled out for Camp Jackson, Columbia, South
Carolina.
On the 16th of April the Regiment paraded in Charlotte, North Carolina.
The people of this Carolina city gave the Regiment a royal welcome, and
their unstinted hospitality will always be a cherished memory to all ranks.
On the 17th practically every man had received his little red chevron
and his Honorable Discharge--men who had lived, suffered, and fought
together were going home. There was many a tear in many an eye as hands
were clasped for the last time. They had written the history of their
Regiment, a record of their successes--a record that needs no explanation
or apology.
For our British comrades in arms the Regiment has the highest regard.
We often disagreed, but they accepted us and treated us as one of their
own. They gave us their splendid Australian Artillery, they fed us, they
equipped us, they clothed us, they protected us in the air, and we
profited by their four years of experience in warfare. We feel honored in
having been selected to serve with them; we feel their Generals are our
Generals, their armies our armies, and their successes our successes.
To our French interpreters--the "Duke," the "Count," and M. Jacques
Rouilly, who was killed in action--we express our thanks. Their services
were honest, faithful, and efficient. The interest of the Regiment was
safe in their hands.
Page 33
CHAPTER XI
The only places in France which hold the affections and loving memory
of this Regiment are those little bits of hallowed ground in Flanders'
Fields, and the desolate country of the Somme, where those of this
Regiment who gave their lives heroically for humanity sleep side by side
with the brave men of many lands--in the most glorious death that comes to
man.
"Sleep, Soldiers! Still in honored rest,
Your truth and valor wearing;
The bravest are the tenderest--
The loving are the daring."
poop
APPENDIX "A"
The Battle Casualties of the Regiment, with dates, were as follows:
Date Killed Wounded Prisoners
YPRES SECTOR Jul 4 - Sep 5 1918 3 Officers 6 Officers
YPRES SECTOR Jul 4 - Sep 5 1918 31 Men 210 Men 1 Man
HINDENBURG LINE
Sep 29 - Oct 1 1918 8 Officers 22 Officers
HINDENBURG LINE
Sep 29 - Oct 1 1918 194 Men 737 Men
Oct 7 - Oct 12 1918 2 Officers 12 Officers
Oct 7 - Oct 12 1918 36 Men 307 Men 1 Man
Oct 16 - Oct 20 1918 2 Officers 2 Officers
Oct 16 - Oct 20 1918 26 Men 216 Men
Totals 15 Officers 42 Officers
Totals 287 Men 1,470 Men 2 Men
Grand totals 302 1,512 2
The Wounded were classified as follows in the latest available
information:
Died of wounds - 3 Officers, 23 Men
Severely wounded - 4 Officers, 183 Men
Slightly wounded - 24 Officers, 809 Men
Gassed - 0 Officers, 74 Men
Shell shock - 3 Officers, 16 Men
Wounds undetermined - 8 Officers, 365 Men
Totals - 42 Officers, 1,470 Men
Page 34
CAPTURES BY REGIMENT
PRISONERS, 1,253; MACHINE GUNS, 132; ARTILLERY, 10 guns; TRENCH
MORTARS, 4; CIVILIANS RELEASED, 375.
The German Divisions, with date identified on the divisional front and
their quality, are given below:
Division Date Identified Quality
236th Div. Aug. 31-Sept. 1 Average
75th Res. Div. September 27-28 Average
185th Div. September 28-29 Average
20th Div. October 8th Very Good
34th Div. October 8th Very Good
21st Div. October 10th Average
21st Res. Div. October 10th Average
38th Div. October 10th Very Good
119th Div. October 10th Average
121st Div. October 10th Average
187th
Sharpshooter
Section October 10th Very Good
204th Div. October 10th Average
208th Div. October 10th Average
3rd Naval Div. October 11th Very Good
15th Res. Div. October 11th Average
221st Div. October 19th Average
243rd Div. October 19th Average
This Regiment advanced as a front line attacking unit 16,000 meters out
of a total advance of 29,500 meters by the Division.
This Regiment marched, as a regiment, a total of 330 kilometers while
in France.
Each man in the Regiment is entitled to wear a star on the Service
Ribbon for each of the following official engagements:
CANAL SECTOR
YPRES-LYS OFFENSIVE
SOMME OFFENSIVE
APPENDIX "B"
The letters and orders which follow should be of interest to all,
particularly the one from the Commander-in-Chief, which establishes beyond
question to which Division the credit of breaking the Hindenburg Line is
due:
Page 35
No. 1.
"HEADQUARTERS II CORPS,
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES,
FRANCE, October 4, 1918.
From: Adjutant-General.
To: Commanding General, 30th Division, American E. F.
Subject: Operation against Hindenburg Line of September 29, 1918.
Following letter is received from the Commanding General Australian
Corps:
'AUSTRALIAN CORPS,
CORPS HEADQUARTERS,
2nd October, 1918.
MY DEAR GENERAL:
As the Second American Corps has now been withdrawn from the line, and
my official association with you and your troops has been, for the time
being, suspended, I desire to express to you the great pleasure that it
has been to me and to the troops of the Australian Army Corps to have been
so closely allied to you in the recent very important battle operations
which have resulted in the breaking through of the main Hindenburg Line on
the front of the Fourth British Army.
Now that the fuller details of the work done by the 27th and 30th
American Divisions have become available, the splendid gallantry and
devotion of the troops in these operations have won the admiration of
their Australian comrades. The tasks set were formidable, but the American
troops overcame all obstacles, and contributed in a very high degree to
the ultimate capture of the whole tunnel system.
I shall be glad if you will convey to your Division Commanders my
appreciation of and thanks for the work done, and to accept my best wishes
for every possible success in the future.
Yours very sincerely,
(sd) JOHN MONASH.
MAJOR-GENERAL G. W. READ, N. A.,
Commanding Second American Corps.'
No. 2.
In communicating to you this expression of the sentiments of the
Commander of the Australian Corps, the Corps Commander desires to make
known to you his appreciation of the splendid fighting qualities of your
Division, and of the results they accomplished in their part in breaking
this formidable portion of the Hindenburg Line. It is undoubtedly due to
the troops of this Corps that the line was broken and the operations now
going on made possible.
The unflinching determination of these men, their gallantry in battle,
and the results accomplished are an example for the future. They will have
their place in history and must always be a source of pride to our people.
STEPHEN C. CLARK,
Adjutant-General."
Page 36
No. 3. Message from Commander-in-Chief:
"The Commander-in-Chief desires to convey to the officers and soldiers
of your Corps his appreciation of the magnificent qualities which have
enabled them, against powerful resistance, to advance more than ten miles
and to take more than six thousand prisoners since September twenty-seven.
(Signed) MCANDREWS,
Addressed 27th and 30th Divisions."
No. 4. From the Mayor of Busigny to the Commanding General, under date
of 17th October, 1918:
"Acting as a representative of the commune and in its name,
consequently in the name, too, of a part of France, I take the liberty to
come and express to our liberator, and to the gallant troops under your
command, our feelings of deepest and eternal gratitude.
For those who have not been submitted, as we have, for four years to
the intolerable and abhorred German yoke, it is difficult to realize how
great were the relief, the joy, the well-being, or, in a word, the
unexpressible happiness we all felt when the first allied troops made
their way through our village. And this great event has been for us like a
dawn of a resurrection.
I should be very thankful to you if you would convey to all your
officers, N. C. O.'s, and men under your command our deep feelings of
admiration and eternal gratitude.
Please, sir, accept the expression of my highest consideration, and
believe me,
Your most devotedly,
The Mayor,
E. MAIRIS."
No. 5. From the Commander-in-Chief of the British Armies to the
Comanding General II Corps, published in G. O. No. 44, II Corps, November
18, 1918:
"Now that the American II Corps is leaving the British zone, I wish
once more to thank you and all officers, non-commissioned officers, and
men under your command, on behalf both of myself and all ranks of the
British Armies in France and Flanders, for the very gallant and efficient
service you have rendered during the period of your operations with the
Fourth British Army.
On the 29th of September you took part with distinction in the great
and critical attack which shattered the enemy's resistance in the
Hindenburg Line, and opened the road to final victory. The deeds of the
27th and 30th American Divisions, who on that day took Bellicourt and
Nauroy, and so gallantly sustained the desperate struggle for Bony, will
rank with the highest achievements of this war. They will always be
remembered by the British Regiments that fought beside you.
Page 37
Since that date, through three weeks of almost continuous fighting, you
advance from one success to another, overcoming all resistance, beating
off numerous counter attacks, and capturing several thousand prisoners and
many guns. The names of Brancourt, Premont, Busigny, Vaux Andigny, St.
Souplet, and Mazinghein testify to the dash and energy of your attacks.
I rejoice at the success which has attended your efforts, and am proud
to have had you under my command.
(Signed) D. HAIG,
Field Marshal."
No. 6. Message received at 10:00 A. M., 11th of November, 1918, by
phone:
"Hostilities will cease at eleven hours to-day, November 11th. Troops
will stand fast on line which will be reported to Advance Army
Headquarters as soon as possible. Defence precautions will be maintained.
There will be no intercourse of any description with the enemy until
receipt of instructions from Army Headquarters. Further instructions
follow."
No. 7. Regimental Commander's message to his troops on the 11th,
November:
"To all Officers and Enlisted Men of the 120th Infantry:
1. I am happy to inform you that the war officially ended to-day at
eleven o'clock
2. The part we have played in Europe will always remain a glorious
chapter in American History, and you have every cause to be proud. Our
hearts are saddened only by our brave comrades who have fallen on the
field of battle.
3. The Commanding Officer of the Regiment is particularly proud to be
at the head of such an organization, and he has never appealed to them in
vain.
4. In the days to come of patient waiting before it will come our turn
to return to our beloved States, it is recognized that it is harder to be
a true soldier than under actual war conditions. We may be called upon to
perform various duties, but, whether we are called on or not, the
Commanding Officer of this Regiment expects each officer and enlisted man
to remember that he is a citizen of a great and glorious country and a
member of a splendid Regiment.
5. Let us at all times think of our loved ones at home, and use our
utmost endeavor to go home to them with clean hands, clean hearts, and
clean bodies.
6. This notice will be read at retreat roll call and posted on the
bulletin board of each organization.
(sgd) S. W. MINOR,
Col., Inf., U. S. A.,
Commanding."
Page 38
No. 8. From the Commander-in-Chief:
"AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES,
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF,
FRANCE, February 19, 1919.
MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD M. LEWIS,
Commanding 30th Division, A. E. F.
MY DEAR GENERAL LEWIS:
It gives me much pleasure to extend to you and the officers and men of
the 30th Division my sincere compliments upon their appearance at the
review and inspection on the 21st of January, southwest of Teille, which
was excellent, and is just what would be expected in a command with such a
splendid fighting record.
After its preliminary training the Division entered the line on July
16th, where it remained almost continuously until the end of October. In
that time it was in the actual battle from 30th of August, and took part
in the Ypres-Lys and Somme offensives. On September 29th, the Division
broke through both the Hindenburg and the Le Catelet-Nauroy lines,
capturing Bellicourt and Nauroy, an operation on which all subsequent
action of the 4th British Army depended. From October 7th to October 20th,
the Division advanced 23 kilometers in a continued series of attacks,
capturing 2,352 of the enemy. Brancourt, Premont, Busigny, St. Bernin, St.
Souplet and Escaufort, La Haie Mineresse, and Vaux Andigny are names which
will live in the memories of those who fought in the 30th Division. But
its especial glory will always be the honor you won by breaking the
Hindenburg Line on September 29th. Such a record is one of which we are
all proud.
It is gratifying to see your troops in such good physical shape, but
still more so to know that this almost ideal condition will continue to
the end of their service and beyond, as an exemplification of their high
character and soldierly qualities.
I inspected the artillery brigade of the Division later, and found the
same high standard of personnel that marks the rest of the Division.
Very sincerely yours,
JOHN J. PERSHING."
No. 9. The Regimental Commander's farewell message, March 9, 1919:
"To the Officers and Men of the 120th Infantry:
1. A few more days and we shall embark for home. No one knows how the
detachments will be handled, but the chances are many of us will never
meet again.
2. This Regiment came into the service as a National Guard unit from
North Carolina, augmented later by national guardsmen from South Carolina
and Tennessee, and still later by selective draft men from several camps,
the principal units now being as follows: North Carolina, 1,558;
Page 39
Tennessee, 406; Indiana, 281; Kentucky, 259; and many other detachments,
until to-day every state in the Union is represented except four. North
Carolina will claim us as her own, and we are justly proud of the record
her sons have made, but we owe a debt of gratitude to the other loyal sons
from many states, who helped to make our glorious record, that we can
never repay, and which can never be forgotten.
3. To-day this Regiment and its record belongs to the individual men
who compose it, as a priceless heritage, wherever you may go. Its
achievements must ever remain a brilliant chapter in American Military
History, and particularly so in the 30th Division, in which splendid
Division you have played the leading part.
4. How you were moulded into an efficient fighting unit, that knew no
North, South, East or West; how you bore the first shock of battle, and
then with thinner ranks pressed on and on, laughing at dangers, with never
a murmur and never a complaint, is a story too long to be told here.
5. In parting with you it is my one desire to let you know how your
efforts are appreciated and admired, and I hope that your pleasant
associations with the 120th Infantry may linger in your memories long
after your hardships have been forgotten. That you may return to your
homes stronger men, more loyal citizens, and more devoted husbands, sons,
and brothers is the earnest prayer of one who counts it the glory and
privilege of a lifetime to have commanded such men.
S. W. MINOR,
Col., Inf., U. S. A.,
Commanding."
No. 10.
"HEADQUARTERS 120TH INFANTRY,
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES,
FRANCE, September 28, 1918.
To Officers and Men of the 120th Infantry:
We have worked and labored together for the past sixteen months, and to-
morrow comes our supreme trial. Remember, the eyes of the world are upon
us and our native States expects us to do our duty.
S. W. MINOR,
Col., Inf., U. S. A.,
Commanding."
No. 11.
"HEADQUARTERS 30TH DIVISION,
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES,
FRANCE, March 11, 1918.
From: Major-General E. M. Lewis, Commanding 30th Division, A. E. F.
To: The Commanding Officer, 120th Infantry.
Subject: Service of the 120th Infantry.
I have already endeavored to express verbally to your officers my high
appreciation, as Division Commander, of the loyalty and support uniformly
given by them. As you are now about to return to the United States, it
Page 40
is desired to bear further testimony to the excellent service rendered by
the Regiment as a whole throughout all of the experiences in Europe of the
Division.
During the preparatory period it set itself seriously and industriously
to the task of training, and when called upon for offensive action, both
in Belgium and France, acquitted itself admirably, and won the full
approbation of its superiors. It can lay down its arms with just pride in
its achievements, and a feeling of satisfaction that its merit has been
fully recognized and appreciated.
May you as individuals realize your reasonable expectations of a
tremendous welcome and every evidence of a peoples' gratitude.
E. M. LEWIS,
Major-General, U. S. A."
No. 12. General Sir John Monash's speech, July 4, 1918, London, extract:
General Monash had under his command in the closing days of the war the
whole Second American Army Corps, more than 60,000 men of the 27th and
30th American Divisions. This army, he said, overthrew the Hindenburg
defense system at its "most strongly defended point."
The share of the American Divisions in these operations was
characterized by General Monash as "probably the greatest single American
feat of arms achieved in the whole war." The operations were completed on
October 5th, he said, and it was on that night that "the Germans threw up
the sponge and declared their willingness to make peace on our own terms."
APPENDIX "C"
Decorations awarded men of this Regiment for acts of gallantry, both
British and American, up to time of going to press. There are a
considerable number not yet reported on and these will doubtless be heard
from at a later date.
BRITISH DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER
MAJOR ABRAM R. WINSTON
MILITARY CROSS
CAPTAIN JOHN F. WILLIAMS
CAPTAIN JOHN B. MAYS
FIRST LIEUTENANT EDWARD T. FOGO
FIRST LIEUTENANT HARVEY S. HESTER
MILITARY MEDAL
PRIVATE JAMES W. ROLLINS
PRIVATE CLAUDE WILLIAMS
Page 41
AMERICAN DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS
(In order awarded)
LAWRENCE STANFIELD, Color Sergeant, Headquarters Company.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
28, 1918. While attached to the Regimental Intelligence Service he was
severely gassed, but, after receiving first aid treatment, he insisted on
returning to duty. Gassed a second time and relieved for a short period he
personally made a search for wounded men, and finding a large number went
to aid station and brought stretcher bearers. He continued this work until
he was blinded by the effects of the gas."
BEN F. DIXON, Captain, Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. He was severely wounded during the early part of the operations
against the Hindenburg Line; his company having only one officer, he
remained on duty. Shortly afterwards he received a second wound, and again
refused to leave his men. When he saw that the front waves of his company
were getting into a barrage he at once went forward to stop them, and
while doing so he was killed."
ROBERT MARSHALL TEACHEY, Private, Company "B."
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Ypres, Belgium, August 2,
1918. He volunteered to accompany an officer on a daylight patrol to
destroy an enemy pill-box. With great courage under heavy shell and
machine-gun fire they rushed the pill-box, killed or wounded the
occupants, and accomplished their mission."
JOHN F. WILLIAMS, JR., First Lieutenant, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Ypres, Belgium, August 2,
1918. He volunteered to destroy an enemy pill-box which had caused many
casualties in his battalion. With much skill and daring he led a daylight
partol, under heavy shell and machine-gun fire, rushed the pill-box,
killed or wounded the occupants, and accomplished his mission."
ELMER PENDELL, First Lieutenant, 120th Infantry, Observer 168th Aero
Squadron.
"For extraordinary heroism in action November 4, 1918. As observer in a
De Haviland 4-plane, he flew an infantry contact mission over the line of
the 7th Division. Because of exceedingly adverse weather conditions, he
disregarded the danger of fire from the ground and crossed the lines at 1,
000 feet altitude. While thus flying he was wounded in the shoulder by an
explosive bullet fired from the ground. Disregarding his wound, he came
down to an altitude as low as 500 feet. After securing the desired
information, he wrote out his message with great effort and dropped it to
the Division."
Page 42
JAMES W. HUDNALL, Sergeant, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. After being twice wounded, Sergeant Hudnall continued to lead
his platoon in attack, capturing two machine guns. In later action he
received additional wounds which caused his death."
ROBERT R. RASCOE, Sergeant, Sanitary Detachment, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Becquigny, France, October
10, 1918. Going forward to establish an aid post, Sergeant Rascoe, finding
that the advance had already started, took his position in the front line,
and, exposed to terrific fire, cared for the wounded until the medical
department was brought up. Later, while bringing up rations, he
encountered shell-fire, and, although wounded and knocked down, he quickly
regained his feet and completed his mission."
JESSE LUNSFORD, Corporal, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. He attacked, single handed, a machine-gun post from which a
destructive fire was being directed against his company. While he was
approaching the nest the machine gun shot the butt off his rifle and cut a
hole in his breeches, but he succeeded in getting close enough to the nest
to throw four hand grenades into it and then killed the gunner with his
bayonet."
EDGAR L. COX, Private, First Class, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With five other soldiers Private Cox succeeded in breaking up
three machine-gun nests and capturing eight prisoners under heavy
artillery and machine-gun fire. After his platoon had reached its
objective he and four others volunteered and made a reconnaissance, 600
yards in front of the line, to make sure that the valley beyond was clear
of the enemy. Private Cox has since been killed in action."
LEWIS K. FOWLER, Private, First Class, Company "B," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Busigny, France, October 19,
1918. He remained at his post, covering the withdrawal of his company with
his automatic rifle, in order that the company might take up a better
position. He was instantly killed while in the performance of this
mission."
ERNEST HYMAN, Private, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Becoming separated from his organization in the smoke and fog,
Private Hyman joined another soldier and was instrumental in breaking up
three machine-gun nests and capturing four prisoners. After reaching the
objective he volunteered and accompanied a reconnaissance patrol 600 yards
beyond the line to the enemy. He has since been killed in action."
Page 43
HENRY A. STROBEL, Private, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, Private Strobel assisted his company commander in cleaning out
enemy dugouts along the canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
HARVEY S. HESTER, First Lieutenant, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Vaux Andigny, France, October
10, 1918. Although severely wounded in the back by shrapnel, he led his
platoon forward, covering a flank of his battalion, which was exposed to
heavy enemy fire."
EDGAR S. W. DRAUGHON, Private, Sanitary Detachment, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Quentin, France,
September 29 to October 20, 1918. Throughout this period Private Draughon
labored unceasingly in evacuating the wounded from the front lines to the
battalion aid post. On October 19th, with complete disregard for his
personal safety, he advanced under heavy shell and machine-gun fire beyond
the front line, rendered first aid to a wounded officer, and assisted him
to the rear."
OLIVER ROBINSON, Sergeant, Company "A," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Vaux Andigny, France, October
10, 1918. Although severely wounded, he displayed remarkable coolness in
extricating his platoon from an extremely dangerous position under
terrific shell and machine-gun fire, thereby saving it from almost certain
annihilation. Being wounded a second time, he refused to go to the rear
until ordered to do so by his company commander."
LOUIS E. JOHNSTON, Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Mazinghien, France, October
18-19, 1918. When his platoon became separated from the battalion to which
it was attached Corporal Johnston proceeded under heavy shell-fire along a
road with which he was unfamiliar and established liaison with his
battalion."
CARLTON STEPHENSON, Corporal, Company "B," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Catillon, France, October 18,
1918. Severely wounded, he remained with his automatic rifle section in an
exposed position, covering the withdrawal of his company. Although almost
surrounded, he inflicted severe losses on the enemy and held his position
throughout the day."
HENRY E. ZAX, Corporal, Company "B," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Vaux Andigny, France, October
11, 1918. Having been sent on a dangerous liaison patrol, he was severely
wounded soon after he had located the unit, on the right of his
Page 44
own. He nevertheless went forward to battalion headquarters immediately
after securing first aid, and made a complete report to his battalion
commander before going to the rear."
ZONA McKIDDY, Private, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. When his platoon had suffered heavy casualties and the runners
had been killed by heavy artillery fire, Private McKiddy volunteered to
carry a message, calling for reinforcements. Making his way through a
dense smoke barrage, he succeeded in reaching company headquarters and
returning, despite the intense bombardment."
GEORGE L. WILES, Private, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. After his own gun had been knocked out, he assisted another
soldier in breaking up an enemy machine-gun nest and turning the captured
gun on the enemy, firing about a thousand rounds. When this gun jammed he
procured grenades and the rifle of a dead soldier and continued on to the
objective."
BRADLEY LAWSON, Private, First Class, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Having been wounded by a bursting shell immediately after the
opening of the attack, he refused to go to the rear, but remained with his
corporal, who had been severely wounded by the same shell. For two hours,
under an intense enemy barrage, he continued to minister to his wounded
comrade until another shell burst near-by, by which he was fatally
wounded."
JOHN B. MAY, JR., Captain, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Captain May with eight other soldiers, comprising his company
headquarters detachment, cleaned out enemy dugouts along the banks of a
canal, capturing 242 prisoners."
EDWARD T. FOGO, First Lieutenant, Company "C," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near La Selle River, France,
October 18, 1918. When his company had received orders to advance from the
front line, he, then in command, led the company to its objective, despite
severe wounds he had received prior to the start of the attack. He refused
tratment until the mission was complete, when he went to the dressing
station. He returned as soon as possible and remained with his company
during the entire operations."
JOSEPH N. ROBERTSON, First Sergeant, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
Page 45
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
ROBERT P. COOK, Sergeant, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. When his platoon was held up by machine-gun fire during an
advance, although suffering from a painful machine-gun bullet wound in the
hand, he personally killed the gunner and put the gun out of action, thus
permitting the further advance of his platoon."
JOHN H. GILL, Sergeant, Headquarters Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. After being twice wounded during the attack, Sergeant Gill, with
his trench mortar section men, who had become lost from other companies,
and stragglers, attacked a strong machine-gun position at the junction of
the tunnel and canal and was wounded the third time. During the attack he
was wounded in thirteen places by machine-gun bullets and shrapnel, but
continued the attack with the utmost coolness and bravery."
WALTER S. KORN, Sergeant, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. He continued to lead his platoon in attack on the Hindenburg
Line after he had received a wound from shrapnel. He was later knocked
down by a rock thrown by a shell explosion, twice more wounded by
shrapnel, but continued to lead his platoon until he received a severe
wound, which necessitated his evacuation. He personally captured two
prisoners in the attack."
WILLIE HIGSON, Corporal, Company "C," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. He showed extraordinary heroism and courage in leading men under
heavy shrapnel and enfilading machine-gun fire during the attack on the
Hindenburg Line. During a temporary halt he acted as runner through this
fire and attempted to return after being severely wounded."
JOHN W. BERRYHILL, Private, First Class, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
ALVIN O. BRIDGES, Private, First Class, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
Page 46
WILLIAM L. CLARK, Private, First Class, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
JAMES LAKE, Private, Company "B," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, Private Lake assisted his company commander in cleaning out
enemy dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
WILLIAM B. LYERLY, Private, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
OLLIE POPE, Private, Company "C," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action between St. Quentin and Cambrai,
France, October 9, 1918. He was wounded in action between St. Quentin and
Cambrai, France, and, after having his wounds dressed, he was unable to
locate his company. He returned, however, to the front line, and fought
throughout the day, locating and returning to his own organization after
dark."
GEORGE RIGGLE, Private, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
HERMAN S. SEIBEL, Private, Company "D," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. With eight other soldiers, comprising the company headquarters
detachment, he assisted his company commander in cleaning out enemy
dugouts along a canal and capturing 242 prisoners."
HARVEY H. SHIVELY, Private, 2nd Battalion, Intelligence Section, 120th
Infantry.
"For repeated acts of extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt,
France, September 29, 1918, and near Becquigny, France, October 9, 1918.
Near Bellicourt, Private Shively, with an Australian soldiers, captured 42
of the enemy, including two officers. On October 9th, near Becquigny, he
accompanied another soldier in penetrating the enemy's outpost line and
captured two enemy machine gunners, putting the gun out of action."
Page 47
HERBERT L. MAYS, Sergeant, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Sergeant Mays, with one other soldier, attacked a machine-gun
post which was causing much damage. They captured the post, taking
prisoner one officer and eight men, and put the gun out of action."
WILSON D. BROOKSHIRE, Private, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Private Brookshire, with one other soldier, attacked a machine-
gun post which was causing much damage. They captured the post, taking
prisoner one officer and eight men, and put the machine-gun out of action."
ELIJAH A. CAPPS, Private, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. In the face of heavy machine-gun fire, Private Capps, with two
other soldiers, attacked and put out of action an enemy machine-gun post,
capturing a German officer and three soldiers."
JOHNNIE LAMM, Private, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. In the face of heavy machine-gun fire, Private Lamm, with two
other soldiers, attacked and put out of action an enemy machine-gun post,
capturing a German officer and three soldiers."
DEWIE H. LAWHORNE, Private, Company "G," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. In the face of heavy machine-gun fire, Private Lawhorne, with
two other soldiers, attacked and put out of action an enemy machine-gun
post, capturing a German officer and three soldiers."
GRAHAM W. HARRIS, Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Becoming separated from his platoon in the dense smoke and fog
with five other soldiers, Sergeant Harris kept his men together and
continued the advance under heavy artillery and machine-gun fine. Upon
reaching the objective he made a personal reconnaissance 600 yards to the
front, capturing several prisoners, and assisting in breaking up three
machine-gun nests. He remained in this advanced position until he was
ordered back."
WILLIAM H. POWELL, Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Sergeant Powell, then a private, took charge of four other
soldiers who had become separated from their platoon and led them forward
toward the objective. Attacking a machine-gun nest, they captured seven
prisoners and a Maxim gun, which they immediately put into action and
fired 2,000 rounds at the enemy. They then continued to advance under
heavy artillery and machine-gun fire."
Page 48
CHARLES W. THOMPSON, Sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Vaux Andigny, France, October
11, 1918. When his machine-gun position on the flank of the line became
untenable, he crawled 20 yards in front of the position and opened fire
with his rifle, covering the withdrawal of the crew and thereby saving
both gun and crew from capture."
ANDREW IRRGANG, Corporal, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. After he had become separated from the rest of the platoon,
Corporal Irrgang kept his squad together and broke up a machine-gun post,
capturing the gunners and the gun. As his own gun had become disabled, he
turned the captured gun around and fired 1,000 rounds from it, covering
the advance of the infantry. He then continued to lead his squad forward
under terrific artillery and machine-gun fire."
DAVID H. LOVELACE, Private, Machine Gun Company, 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. His left arm having been rendered useless by a shrapnel wound,
Private Lovelace continued to carry ammunition with his other arm until
the objective was reached, when, against his protests, he was ordered to
the rear for medical treatment."
ARCHIE RIDDIC, Private, Company "F," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Vaux Andigny, France, October
19, 1918. When the position of his company had become untenable because of
enemy machine-gun and artillery fire, Private Riddic, with another
soldier, the sole survivors of a Lewis machine-gun team, covered the
retreat of their company. Clinging to their advance post throughout the
day, they took up the advance with the company at dusk that evening."
GILBERT D. SHORT, Private, Company "F," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Vaux Andigny, France, October
19, 1918. When the position of his company had become untenable because of
enemy machine-gun and artillery fire, Private Short, with another soldier,
the sole survivors of a Lewis machine-gun team, covered the retreat of
their company. Clinging to their advanced post throughout the day, they
took up the advance with the company at dusk that evening."
CLYDE SHELTON, Sergeant, Company "L," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Mazinghien, France, October
19, 1918. Sergeant Shelton, who was in command of a platoon, was ordered
to post an automatic rifle so as to protect the right flank of his
battalion, and in order to do this it was necessary to advance his line
beyond a hedge and wire fence. Halting his platoon, he went forward
himself, and under heavy fire, in clear view of the enemy, he cut an
opening in the barrier. His courageous act permitted a patrol to pass
through, and the line was subsequently established with a minimum of
casualties."
Page 49
JOHN A. CRAFTS, Private, Company "C," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. After being wounded in the right arm to such an extent that he
could not continue his duties as stretcher-bearer, and after being ordered
back for treatment, Private Crafts continued throughout the day and night,
under heavy shell-fire, to assist such wounded as were able to walk."
JOHN C. BYRUM, First Sergeant, Company "E," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Although he was wounded at the very start of the attack,
Sergeant Byrum continued with the advance, reorganizing scattered units
and leading them back to the line. Later his arm was shot off, but he
steadfastly refused evacuation until loss of blood so weakened him that he
was taken to the rear."
PETE McCOY, Private, Company "B," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Bellicourt, France, September
29, 1918. Unexpectedly encountering seven of the enemy, Private McCoy,
single-handed, killed them all with his bayonet and a hand grenade. As a
result of this feat he captured four hostile machine-gun emplacements and
took seventeen prisoners out of a dugout near-by. Upon advancing farther
he found a wounded officer, whom he sent to the rear in charge of another
soldier, and continued on to the objective. Home address: Harrison McCoy
(father), Thomas, Ky."
WILLIAM M. WALLACE (Serial No. 1320330), Private, First Class, Company
"E," 120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Mazinghien, France, October
19, 1918. With another soldier, Private Wallace volunteered and rescued a
wounded comrade from an exposed position in front of the line, after two
other men had lost their lives in attempting to do so. Home address: Mrs.
Mary Wallace (mother), Othello, N. C."
JAMES R. WILLIAMS (Serial No. 2002920), Private, First Class, Company "E,"
120th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Mazinghien, France, October
19, 1918. With another soldier, Private Williams volunteered and rescued a
wounded comrade from an exposed position in front of the line after two
other men had lost their lives in attempting to do so. Home address:
Richard E. Williams (father), Peytonburg, Ky."
APPENDIX "D"
Roster of officers 120th Infantry, showing names, rank, unit to which
attached or assigned, with rank since Regiment was called into service,
and known address.
Page 50
COLONELS
1. Minor, Sidney W. Durham, N. C.
2. Scott, Don E. (Capt. Adj., Major 1st Bn., Lt.-Col.) ... Graham, N. C.
3. Cochran, William B. U. S. A.
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
4. McGhee, Claude L. Franklinton, N. C.
MAJORS
5. Boddie, Samuel P. (Capt. "D" Co., Major 3rd Bn., wounded in action) ...
Louisburg, N. C.
6. Comstock, Hilliard (Major 2nd Bn.) ... Santa Rosa, Cal.
7. Barnard, J. J. (Major 1st Bn.) ... Raleigh, N. C.
8. Graham, William A. (Capt. "H" Co., Major 2nd Bn.) ... Warrenton, N. C.
9. Jenkins, James W. (Capt. "C" Co., Major 3rd Bn.) ... Henderson, N. C.
10. Leonard, James A. (Capt. "A" Co., Major 1st Bn.) ... Lexington, N. C.
11. McCullen, Alpheus (Chaplain) ... Durham, N. C.
12. Newby, Carelton H. (Capt. "L" Co., Major in States)...Thomsville, N. C.
13. McClintock, Charles A. (Major 3rd Bn.)...6407 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa.
14. Phillips, Wade H. (Major 3rd Bn.) ... Lexington, N. C.
15. Walker, John O. (2nd Lt. "G" Co., 1st Lt. Hdqs. Co., Capt. Operations,
Major 2nd Bn.) ... Lynchburg, Va.
16. Winston, Abram R. (Major M. C.) ... Franklinton, N. C.
CAPTAINS
17. Beck, Hampton S. (1st Lt. & Capt. "E" Co.) ... Winston-Salem, N. C.
18. Byrd, Thomas B. (2nd Lt. & 1st Lt. "H" Co., Capt. "G" Co.) ...
Winchester, Va.
19. Burgess, Milo D. (2nd Lt. & 1st Lt. "F" Co., Capt. "H" Co., wounded in
action) ... Maiden Rock, Wis.
20. Boyson, Charles C. (Capt. "H" Co.) ... Unknown
21. Brennan, Arthur W. (Capt. M. C.) ... 117 Snyder St., Syracuse, N. Y.
22. Buchannan, Sidney E. (Capt. M. C.) ... Concord, N. C.
23. Cooke, George L. (1st Lt. Adj. 2nd Bn., Capt. Personnel Adj.) ...
Franklinton, N. C.
24. Clark, Walter, Jr. (Capt. "B" Co.) ... Raleigh, N. C.
25. Craft, James C. (Capt. "D" Co.) ... 4 W. 33rd St., New York City
26. Chapman, Henry R. (Capt. "F" Co., killed in action) ... 28 Rider Ave.,
Potchange, N. Y.
27. Copeland, William V. (1st Lt. & Capt. "I" Co., wounded in action) ...
Burlington, N. C.
Page 51
28. Carter, Paul C. (1st Lt. & Capt. M. C.) ... Holly Springs, N. C.
29. Dickens, Albert O. (2nd Lt. & Capt. Adj.) ... Louisburg, N. C.
30. DeMalignon, Harry R. (Capt. M. G. Co.) ... Aberdeen, S. Dak.
31. Dixon, Ben F. (Capt. "K" Co., killed in action) ... Raleigh, N. C.
32. Fauntleroy, Thomas (Capt. Hdqs. Co.) ... Memphis, Tenn.
33. Fuller, Elbert E. (Capt. "E" Co.) ... Oxford, N. C.
34. Freeman, James C. (Capt. "I" Co.) ... Burlington, N. C.
35. Fenner, Edwin (Capt. "M" Co.) ... Henderson, N. C.
36. Huffman, George L. (Capt. "K" Co.) ... Hickory, N. C.
37. Jarvis, Culcus (Capt. "F" Co.) ... Wilksboro, N. C.
38. Kearney, Isaac H. (Capt. "F" Co.) ... Franklinton, N. C.
39. Lumsden, Charles F. (Capt. M. G. Co.) ... Raleigh, N. C.
40. Morrison, William L. (Capt. "B" Co.) ... Unknown
41. Mayes, John B. (1st Lt. M. G. & "D" Co., Capt. "D" Co.)... Stem, N. C.
42. Muldrow, Elmer (Capt. "F" Co.) ... Florence, S. C.
43. Murray, Edwin J. (Capt. "E" Co.) ... Niagara Falls, N. Y.
44. Mobley, James H. (1st Lt. & Capt. "G" Co.) ... Reidsville, N. C.
45. Millner, Wallace B. (Capt. "G" Co.) ... Reidsville, N. C.
46. Poorman, Arthur G. (1st Lt. "A" & "E" Cos., Capt. "A" & "E" Cos.,
wounded in action) ... Marshall, Ill.
47. Price, Edward C. (Capt. "H" Co.) ... Warrenton, N. C.
48. Page, Walter E. (Capt. "M" Co.) ... Durham, N. C.
49. Powell, Claude M. (1st Lt. "M" Co., Capt. in States) ... West Durham,
N. C.
50. Ray, Carl L. (Capt. Hdqs. & "E" Cos.) ... Brownsville, Texas
51. Rau, John F. (Capt. "C" Co.) ... Seattle, Wash.
52. St. John, Frank L. (1st Lt. "M" Co. & R. I. O., Capt. "M" Co., wounded
in action) ... Johnson City, Tenn.
53. Sams, Ferrol A. (2nd Lt. "B" Co., 1st Lt. "A" Co., Capt. "B" Co.,
wounded in action) ... Woosley, Ga.
54. Steggall, James I. (1st Lt. "E" Co., Capt. in States) ... Oxford, N. C.
55. Stone, Wallace B. (1st Lt. & Capt. "L" Co.) ... Thomasville, N. C.
56. Wooten, James G. (Capt. Hdqs. Co.) ... Winston-Salem, N. C.
57. Eastman, H. H. (Capt. Operations) ... Vermont
58. Winston, Stephen E. (Capt. Supply Co.) ... Youngsville, N. C.
59. Williams, John F. (2nd Lt., 1st Lt. & Capt. "B" Co., wounded in
action) ... Charlotte, N. C.
60. Whitfield, James E. (Capt. "F" Co.) ... Franklinton, N. C.
61. Young, Robert C. (1st Lt. Adj. 1st Bn., Capt. "I" Co., wounded in
action) ... Swannanoa, N. C.
62. Zimpleman, Albert N. (2nd Lt., 1st Lt. & Capt. Supply Co., ... 3541
Perdue St., Cincinnati, Ohio
63. Worsham, Adolphus E. (Capt. D. C.) ... Ruffin, N. C.
Page 52
FIRST LIEUTENANTS
64. Aughtry, Paul C. ("B" Co.) ... Lykesland, S. C.
65. Bryan, Robert E. (2nd Lt. "C" Co., 1st Lt. Supply Co.) ... Henderson,
N. C.
66. Bunch, Henry C. (2nd & 15th Lt. Hdqs. Co.) ... 2119 E. Vine St.,
Knoxville, Tenn.
67. Burrow, Lyle ("F" Co. & A. D. C., wounded in action) ... Bristol, Tenn.
68. Bohannon, Shirley D. ("G" Co., killed in action) ... Nashville, Tenn.
69. Boyd, Gordon ("B" Co., killed in action) ... New York City
70. Boddie, Sterling G. ("C" Co.) ... Henderson, N. C.
71. Bing, Arden E. ("B" & "C" Cos., wounded in action) ... West Virginia
72. Buckley, John W. ("A" & "D" Cos.) ... Washington, D. C.
73. Clark, Fred E. ("M" Co., died of wounds) ... Chicago, Ill.
74. Cecil, Joe K. ("A" Co.) ... Lexington, N. C.
75. Cox, Alfred R. ("G" Co.) ... Ashboro, N. C.
76. Dickens, Sammie W. (2nd Lt. "D" Co., Asst. Lt. Adj. 3rd Bn.) ...
Enfield, N. C.
77. Dayton, Julian (2nd Lt. "D" Co., Hdqs. Co.) ... Memphis, Tenn.
78. Dixon, Wright T. (M. G. Co.) ... Raleigh, N. C.
79. Ellington, James M. (2nd & 1st Lt. "E" Co., wounded in action) ...
Oxford, N. C.
80. Edwards, Emmett M. ("F" C.) ... Franklinton, N. C.
81. Ellis, Lewis C. (Hdqs. Co.) ... Grover, N. C.
82. Everett, Albert D. (Hdqs. & "G" Cos.) ... Nashville, Tenn.
83. Francis, Hugh H. ("G" Co. & Bn., I. O., wounded in action) ...
Bloomer, Wis.
84. Fogo, Edward T. ("C" Co., wounded in action) ... 720 Broadway,
Wellsville, Ohio
85. Freeland, Robert C. (2nd & 1st Lt. "F" Co.) ... Bahama, N. C.
86. Fox, William F. ("K" Co., wounded in action) ... Unknown
87. Earnhardt, Raymond P. (2nd & 1st Lt. "A" Co.) ... Lexington, N. C.
88. Gilliland, Frank M. (Hdqs. Co.) ... 313 S. Pauline St., Memphis, Tenn.
89. Gillespie, Gordon (2nd Lt. "D" Co., 1st Lt. M. G. & "L" Cos., killed
in action) ... Greenwood, Miss.
90. Glover, Gary I. (2nd Lt. M. G. Co., 1st Lt. "L" Co.) ... Roanoke
Rapids, N. C.
91. Gross, H. A. (M. G. Co., killed by accident) ... Unknown
92. Goss, Edward C. ("M" Co.) ... Winchester, Va.
93. Hervey, Henry J. (Adj. 3rd Bn. & Supply Co.) ... Raleigh, N. C.
94. Heald, Thomas J. (2nd & 1st Lt. Co. "E," Adj. 2nd Bn.) ... Washington,
D. C.
95. Harvey, Alfred (2nd & 1st Lt. "F" Co., Bn. I. O., killed in action) ...
Radford, Va.
96. Honeycutt, Adolph ("M" Co.) ... Durham, N. C.
97. Harrison, Ralph W. (2nd Lt. "C" Co., 1st Lt. "B" & "C" Cos.) ... 80
Prospect St., East Orange, N. J.
Page 53
98. Harris, George M. (2nd & 1st Lt. "C" Co., wounded in action) ...
Henderson, N. C.
99. Holliday, Floyd T. (M. G. Co.) ... Gary, Ind.
100. Hester, Harvey S. (2nd Lt. "F" Co., 1st Lt. "A" & "B" Cos., wounded
in action) ... Asheville, N. C.
101. Hardy, Marvin W. (2nd & 1st Lt. "H" Cos.) ... Norlina, N. C.
102. Hamilton, John W. ("H" Co., wounded in action) ... Pleasanton, Kan.
103. Homsher, Leroy P. ("I" & "M" Cos., died of disease) ... Box 1351,
Tulsa, Okla.
104. Huntzinger, Frank E. ("I" & "E" Cos., killed in action) ...
Nobleville, Ind.
105. Hendley, J. Helmis ("E" Co.) ... Columbia, S. C.
106. Juden, Lewis K. ("D" Co., Bn. I. O., Regt. I. O., died from gas) ...
2207 & 17th St., Oklahoma City, Okla.
107. Jennings, Robert E. ("G" Co.) ... Orangeburg, S. C.
108. Gant, Minter (2nd & 1st Lt. "D" Co., wounded in action) ... Columbia,
Tenn.
109. Grey, Ben H. (2nd Lt. "D" Co., 1st Lt. in States) ... Winston-Salem,
N. C.
110. Gardner, Lewis W. ("D" Co.) ... Statesville, N. C.
111. Gold, Thomas B. (M. C.) ... Shelby, N. C.
112. Kirkman, Hugh C. ("D" Co.) ... Hermitage Club, Knoxville, Tenn.
113. Keith, Marshall J. ("L" Co., wounded in action) ... Unknown
114. Kennedy, Henry B. ("M" Co.) ... Camden, S. C.
115. Lovett, Clarence J. (2nd & 1st Lt. "K" Co., Bn. I. C.) ... Ashboro,
N. C.
116. Lindsay, Evans W. ("G" & "H" Cos.) ... Richmond, Va.
117. Limer, Archibald W. (2nd & 1st Lt. "H" Co., killed in action) ...
Afton, N. C.
118. Loomis, Stanley D. (2nd & 1st Lt. "I" Co., wounded in action) ...
Messhopin, Pa.
119. Luck, Everett J. ("K" Co.) ... Ashboro, N. C.
120. Landis, William T. (2nd Lt. "E" Co., 1st Lt. "K" Co., wounded in
action) ... Oxford, N. C.
121. Little, Robert O. (2nd & 1st Lt. "L" Co., gassed) ... Thomasville,
N. C.
122. Long, Frank M. ("L" Co.) ... Unknown
123. Moore, Carlton R. (2nd & 1st Lt. "G" Co., wounded in action) ...
Richmond, Va.
124. Mason, Elmer B. (2nd & 1st Lt. "K" Co., wounded in action) ... Yale
Club, New York City
125. Marshall, Thomas B. ("L" Co., wounded in action) ... Columbia, S. C.
126. McCullen, William L. (2nd & 1st Lt. "H" Co., killed in action) ...
Durham, N. C.
127. McConnell, Fred Y. (2nd Lt. "A" Co., 1st Lt. "E" Co., killed in
action) ... Concord, N. C.
128. McCaskey, Clare P. ("L" & "K" Cos., killed in action) ... Chicago,
Ill.
129. McMichael, John ("C" Co.) ... New Jersey
Page 54
130. McRae, Donald C. (2nd Lt. "L" & M. G. Cos., 1st Lt. in States) ...
Thomasville, N. C.
131. McGeachey, Robert S. (M. C.) ... Raleigh, N. C.
132. McKay, William P. (M. C.) ... Red Springs, N. C.
133. Nolen, Beverly T. (M. C.) ... Franklin, Tenn.
134. Perry, Charles W. (2nd Lt. "M"