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History of Wheeling City and Ohio Co. WV - Chapters XI-XIII
CHAPTER XI. OHIO COUNTY IN THE WAR OF 1812
On the 19th of April, 1812, James Barbour, then governor of Virginia,
issued his general orders for a requisition of 12,000 men, officers
included, which was the quota of Virginia, in pursuance of a law passed on
the 10th of the same month by Congress, authorizing a detachment of 100,
000 militia at a moment's warning.
At this time the militia was divided into four divisions, and these again
were subdivided into 20 brigades. Ohio county was included in the Tenth
Brigade, which was commanded by Brig. Gen. Benjamin Biggs of Ohio county,
and in the Third Division, commanded by Maj. Gen. John Smith, of Frederick
county, no apportionment having been assigned to her.
It was not until the 3d of September following the 19th of April, 1812,
that any portion of the said 12,000 men mentioned in the general orders
were called upon to take the field, and then only to the number of 1,500,
who were ordered to repair to Point Pleasant, the place of general
rendezvous.
Subsequently, on the 20th of July, 1814, another requisition was made by
the president on the militia of Virginia for a like number of about 12,000
men, of which the Tenth Brigade under the apportionment was to furnish 499
men, but this county was not included in the apportionment.
On the 13th of January, 1815, another requisition was made, under which
the Tenth Brigade was called upon to furnish 349 men, officers included.
Under this last requisition Ohio county furnished a company of light
horse, consisting of 64 men and officers, which was commanded by Capt.
Samuel McLure, and a company of infantry consisting of 74 men and
officers, under the command of Capt. William Irvin. Their superior officer
was Lieut. Col. Archibald Woods, of the Fourth Regiment of Virginia
militia. Both of these companies volunteered their services immediately
upon being informed of the requisition. So sparse was the population of
Wheeling at this early day and so great the number, in proportion to its
limited population, of those who had volunteered that when the companies
departed from the town it appeared as if every able-bodied man had
deserted the place, leaving behind them the aged men, women and children
alone.
After being mustered in they took up their line of march for their
destination, Norfolk, Virginia, which was their appointed place of
rendezvous, but which they failed to reach for reasons hereinafter
mentioned. Upon leaving the town they marched northwardly, following the
road leading along the shore of the Ohio River, until they reached Glenn's
run, where they halted and made their first camp. The people of the town
turned out en masse and accompanied them to its outskirts, while a large
number of the citizens followed them to their camp, many of whom remained
with them to the following day, when they struck their tents, resumed
their march, and, reaching Wellsburg, made that town their next camping
place. At this place they were welcomed with demonstrations of rejoicing
and expressions of patriotic approval in which the entire town united, all
the citizens of which had turned out to extend to them a generous and
hearty greeting. On the next day they took up their line of march for
Washington, Pennsylvania, where they were greeted by another grand ovation
by the citizens and where they remained a day to rest and make some
arrangements for their future progress that were necessary for their
comfort. From this last place they went to their next point, Morgantown,
Virginia, where they met with demonstrations of a similar character to
those already described. From there they proceeded to their next objective
point, which was Kingwood, Virginia, where they were met by a special
courier sent by the governor, who announced to them the gratifying news
that peace had been declared, and that, their services being no longer
needed, they were ordered to return home, as appears from the following:
"Adjutant General's Office.
"RICHMOND, 20th Feb., 1815.
"Peace between the United States and Great Britain having been announced,
the necessity for carrying into effect the law of the last session of the
General Assembly, 'Authorizing the raising of a regular force for the
defense of the state', no longer exists. The courts martial of the several
regiments are therefore advised to adjourn and not reassemble until
further orders. The several detachments of militia on their march to
Norfolk and to the city of Richmond will be immediately mustered by their
commandants and discharged, or marched back to their respective counties
and be there mustered and discharged, as may best suit the convenience of
the men. The commander in chief embraces with great pride and satisfaction
this opportunity of expressing to the militia of Virginia his sense of the
distinguished patriotism they have manifested throughout the war upon all
occasions and under all circumstances; they have been conspicuous for
their alacrity in meeting danger, and for their valor in the field. The
people of Virginia have the high satisfaction derived from a consciousness
of having done their duty to their country in peace and in war. When the
public good requires it, the particular interest of this state has in all
cases been made to yield to the general welfare. There has been no
instance in which the voice of Virginia has been raised to secure any
exclusive advantages to herself. There has been no call upon her to make a
sacrifice of state interests for the preservation of national character of
rights which she has not obeyed. When her citizens have been called to the
field they have shown fortitude and heroism, braved the dangers of battle
and disease. A people so brave and patriotic, faithful in the discharge of
all their duties, must respect themselves and command the esteem of those
with whom they are connected, and will, we may trust, receive the
protection of the Divine Power, without whose permission no human wisdom
or foresight can secure to any people the happiness which we may fondly
hope is in reserve for our countrymen.
"By order,
"CLAIBORNE W. GOOCH,
"Adjutant General."
It was while in Washington, Pennsylvania, that they received the cheering
news of the victory gained by General Jackson in tile battle of New
Orleans, which was fought by him on the 8th day of January, 1815, which
filled them with new life and vigor, and inspired them with high wrought
patriotism and zeal to which they gave jubilant expression by a grand
celebration of the auspicious event, consisting of patriotic speeches,
toasts and a grand military ball, which was united in generally by the-
citizens of the place, who emulated each other in giving expression to
their enthusiasm over the crowning triumph of the American arms. Retracing
their steps to Morgantown, a few returned across country to their homes,
and a number took pirogues and flat-bottomed boats and floated to
Pittsburg, whence they continued down the river to Wheeling. When the
boats rounded the bend near where the Top Mill now stands the martial
strains of the fife and the sonorous tones of the drum awakened tile
echoes of the surrounding hills and were born to the ears of the
inhabitants of the town who had lined the banks of the river to welcome
the returning braves and who gave vent to loud huzzas of rejoicing, making
the welkin to ring with their glad shouts. There were five members of the
Irwin family who volunteered in this war in the company commanded by
Captain Irwin, whose names were William Irwin, Samuel Irwin, David Irwin,
James Snodgrass and Robert Snodgrass, the last named three being uncles of
Isaac and Samuel Irwin. The late Samuel Irwin was at the time a lad under
twenty-one years of age and his father, who was captain of the company,
was opposed to his joining the command, but by dint of coaxing and
persuading he finally succeeded in overcoming the opposition of his
parent, who reluctantly permitted him to volunteer as a private. Another
young man, Alexander McConnell, deceased, was also a volunteer in the same
company, although at the time in his teens. An individual by the name of
Hootman was the drummer of the company, and Jim Nevitt, of tall and
commanding figure and large and muscular frame, was the fifer. The
patriotic feeling of the day had been fully aroused, but the Wheeling
patriots were deprived of the opportunity of proving to the foe the stuff
of which they were made. A member of the company used jocosely to remark
that when the British heard that they were coming they became disheartened
and promptly declared peace. In this connection we are gratified in being
able to call attention to the following letter, which was addressed to
Col. Archibald Woods by Brig. Gen. J. G. Jackson, formerly a member of
Congress from the Northwestern district of Virginia, which included the
county of Ohio:
"WASHINGTON, Feb. 16, 1815.
"Sir: I have the pleasure to inform you that by order from the Secretary
of War, dated on this day, I am instructed to communicate that the militia
recently ordered to march from the Tenth and Twentieth Brigades of
Virginia militia are discharged from a compliance with the said orders. I
have the honor to be
"Yours most obediently,
"J. G. JACKSON, Br. Gen."
"To colonel commandant of Ohio county militia: I congratulate you and my
country on the restoration of an honorable peace."
In the beginning of hostilities in the year 1812 a volunteer company of
infantry, under the command of Capt. Benjamin Jeffries, had been ordered
into the service, but were deficient in wagons and teams, whereupon
Colonel Woods issued the following order:
"Ohio County, Virginia.
"You are hereby forthwith directed to impress the wagon, team, and driver
of the wagon belonging to Daniel Steenrod for the use of your company now
ordered on duty for the purpose of conveying the baggage belonging to the
same, on the tour of duty which they are now ordered on. And this shall be
your warrant for so doing. Given under my hand this 23rd day of September,
1812.
"Archibald Woods,
"Lieut. Col. Com't Fourth Regiment, Virginia Militia.
"To Capt. Benjamin Jeffries."
The prompt return to the warrant was as follows:
"I have executed the above warrant agreeable to order.
"BENJAMIN JEFFIRES, Capt."
"Ohio County and commonwealth of Virginia."
"The subscribers being mutually chosen and being first sworn according to
law to appraise a wagon, team, harness and cover, etc., the property of
Daniel Steenrod, of said county, impressed this day by Col. Archibald
Woods, for the use of a detachment of militia now ordered on duty from the
Fourth Regiment in said county, under the command of Capt. Benjamin
Jeffries, also the hire per day for the use of the said wagon, team and
driver, do appraise the same as follows:
One wagon .................$ 75
One wagon cover ............ 5
5 One sorrel horse ......... 20
One bay horse .............. 75
One chestnut-sorrel mare ... 55
One bay mare ............... 33
Four sets gears ............ 40
Amounting to .............. 303
"The hire per day for said team and driver, $2.37 1/2.
"JOHN MCLURE,
"WM. IRWEIN,
"JOHN FEAY.
"I certify the above.
"ARCHIBALD WOODS.
"Lieut. Col. Com'g Fourth Reg't V. M."
Muster roll of a company of Light Infantry of Virginia Militia, commanded
by Capt. William Irwein, from the Fourth Regiment in the county of Ohio,
into actual service under general order of 12th of January, 1815, from the
9th of February, 1815, when last mustered to the ___ of __, 181_.
DATE OF
NAMES RANK COMMISSION NAMES PRESENT REMARKS
William Irwein Captain 25 May, 1807 William Irwein
John Richison Lieuten'nt 27 June 1814 John Richison
George Dutty Ensign 27 June 1814 George Dutty
David Irwein Sergeant David Irwein
John McDonald Musician John McDonald
Robert Arbuttan ?? Arbuttan
Hiram Anderson Hiram Anderson
John Adams John Adams
Jacob Adams Jacob Adams
Thomas Adams Thomas Adams
William Ashew William Ashew
Thomas M. Ashew Thomas M. Ashew
Archibald Armstrong Archibald Armstrong
John Brown John Brown
William Bell William Bell
Thomas Baird Jun Thomas Baird Jun
Absalam Burkham Absalam Burkham
John Bushian John Bushian
Jacob Bentley Jacob Bentley
Thomas Campbell Thomas Campbell
Thomas Crispin Thomas Crispin
John Carrol
?? Campbell ?? Campbell
William Caldwell William Caldwell
William Crawford Appt'd
Sgt Maj
in staff
Henry Dement Henry Dement
John Dauer John Dauer Absent
after
muster
Michel Dulty Michel Dulty
Arnold Evans Arnold Evans
Joseph Fulton Joseph Fulton
William Graves William Graves
Thomas Johnson Thomas Johnson
Peter Loffer Peter Loffer
John Lowry John Lowry
Hugh Lackey Hugh Lackey
David Moor David Moor
Fedid Masters Fedid Masters
John D. Miller John D. Miller
Alexander M. Connel Alexander M. Connel
Josiah McKnight Josiah McKnight Absent
Feb Mix Feb Mix
James Minnis James Minnis Absent
after
muster
William Montgomery William Montgomery
Lame McClain Lame McClain
Robert Prittyman Robert Prittyman
Isaiah Parlet Isaiah Parlet
John Rodeheffer John Rodeheffer
?? Rulong ?? Rulong
Joseph T. Roff Joseph T. Roff
Thos. Smith Thos. Smith
Robert Stewart Robert Stewart
William Stickler William Stickler
Robert Snodgrass Robert Snodgrass
William Stevenson William Stevenson Absent
after
summons
David Thornburg David Thornburg
Moses Thompson Absent
after
summons
John Teagarden John Teagarden
Thomas Zanner Thomas Zanner
Leo Liburgen Leo Liburgen
George Venum George Venum
John Vance John Vance
Aron Varney Aron Varney
Wm Williamson Wm Williamson
Wm. Williams Wm. Williams
John Williams John Williams
Solomon Wardle Solomon Wardle
Abram Westbrook Abram Westbrook
Thomas Williamson Thomas Williamson
Alex White Alex White
Muster roll of a Company of Light Dragoons of Virginia Militia, commanded
by Captain Samuel McLure, of the Fourth Regiment, in the county of Ohio,
called into actual service under general orders of January 13, 1815, from
the 13th day of February, 1815, when last mustered, to the __ day of __,
181_.
Samuel McLure, Captain, commissioned March 23, 1812. Sorrel horse, 7 years
old, 15 1/2 hands high, valued at $120.
James H. Relfe, First Lieutenant, commissioned March 23, 1812. Black
horse, 8 years old, 15 hands high, valued at $75. Acting Adjutant Col.
Woods' regiment. Richard Simms, Second Lieutenant, commissioned March 23,
1812.
John Carr, Cornet, commissioned June 27, 1814.
Richard H. Goe, First Sergeant.
Garrison Jones, Second Sergeant. Bay horse, 9 years old, 15 hands high,
valued at $80.
Nathan Hukill, Third Sergeant. Bay horse, 4 years old, 15 hands high,
valued at $70.
Henry Boose, Musician.
David Atkinson.
James Atkinson.
William Bounds.
Benjamin Beal.
William Bukey.
Thomas Boas.
Charles Brady.
Westly Beck.
Ninian Bell.
Frederic Beylur, deserted.
Charles Beylur.
Charles Blaney.
George Blaney.
William Brown.
William Clark.
Richard Carter, Jr.
James Dickson.
Cornelius DeHart.
John Dorsey, absent after muster.
Joseph Foreman.
William Gregg.
William Gill.
Isaac Greathouse.
James Gadd, absent after summons.
Frederick Goldenburg. Farrier.
Levi Gooding.
James Harris.
John Harris.
David Henderson.
Thomas Henderson.
Robert Humplines.
John Jerome, drafted in Brooke Co., and under command Captain Fowler.
Lewis Johnson.
Charles D. Knox.
James Kelly.
Daniel Morris.
John M. Morgan, absent after muster.
Samuel Maunore.
Josiah McColloch.
Hugh Nichols, 4th sergeant.
George Pannell.
Authur Pearce.
John Snodgrass.
David Stewart.
Hezekiah Simms.
James Sprigg, cadet.
Samuel Tomlinson.
Nathan Tomlinson.
homas Thornburg.
Joseph Wilson.
Lewis Wilson.
William Webb, quartermaster.
We certify that this Muster Roll exhibits a true statement of Capt.
McLure's Company of Cavalry, and that the remarks set opposite the men's
names are correct and just.
JAMES H. RELFE, Mustering officer,
JOSEPH DODDRIDGE, Surgeon.
CHAPTER XII. THE REBELLION
In pursuance of an Act of the General Assembly of Virginia passed on the
14th day of January, 1861, a convention was called to assemble on
Wednesday, February 13, 1861, at 12 o'clock M. Among the doing of this
committee, consisting of Hon. Messrs. Preston, Stuart and Randolph, to
wait upon the president and present him with the following preamble and
resolutions respecting his policy toward the seceding states:
"Whereas, in the opinion of this convention, the uncertainty which
prevails in the public mind as to the policy which the Federal executive
intends to pursue toward the seceded states is extremely injurious to the
industrial and commercial interests of the country, tends to keep up an
excitement, which is unfavorable to the adjustment of pending
difficulties, and threatens a disturbance of the public peace; therefore
"Resolved, That a committee of three delegates be appointed to wait on the
President of the United States, present him this preamble and resolution,
and respectfully ask him to communicate to this convention the policy
which the Federal executive intends to pursue in regard to the Confederate
states."
The President replied that it was his intention "to pursue the course
marked out in the inaugural address. I commend a careful consideration of
the whole document as the best expression I can give of my purpose. As I
then and therein said, I now repeat: The power confided to me will be used
to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the
government, and to collect the duties and impost; but beyone what is
necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force
against or among the people anywhere."
On the 15th of April, having received meanwhile authentic information of
the seizure of Fort Sumpter, he issued his proclamation calling out 75,000
men for the suppression of the rebellion. The citizens of Ohio county
promptly responded to the call of the president. A camp was formed on the
Island as a rendezvous for the First West Virginia Regiment, the ranks of
which were speedily filled.
On Monday, May 13, 1861, a convention of delegates from different counties
in western Virginia assembled at Washington hall in the city of Wheeling
to take such action under the existing political condition as the wisdom
of the members might suggest. It was organized by appointing William B.
Zinn, of Preston county, temporary chairman. Prayer was offered by Rev.
Laishley, of Monongalia county. On motion a committee on credentials was
appointed, consisting of one delegate from each county represented, after
which it adjourned to meet at three o'clock P. M., at which hour the
convention reassembled and Dr. S. T. Moss of Wood county, was elected
permanent president, and M. M. Dent, of Monongalia, Colonel Waggener, of
Mason, and G. L. Cranmer, of Ohio, permanent secretaries.
The first action of the convention after the election of the permanent
officers was the appointment of a committee on federal relations,
consisting of one from each county represented. On the retirement of the
committee on credentials, General Jackson, of Wood County, addressed the
convention that the time for taking action on the division of the state
had not arrived. He was in favor of delaying action until after the fourth
Thursday in May, when the result of the election would show how many
counties would consent to unite in dissolving their connection with the
state of Virginia and forming a new state. He was followed by John S.
Carlile, who favored immediate action and that it should be final and
decisive. He insisted that this was no time for paper resolutions, and
that if the convention contented itself with such there would be a
majority in favor of the secession ordinance,in the northwest on the
fourth Thursday in May.
W. T. Willey followed Mr. Carlile in a strain of similar character with
the views expressed by General Jackson and also stated that in his opinion
that by proper constitutional means the desires of those favoring the
establishment of a new state could be carried out, provided on fair trial
a large majority of the people should vote for the measure.
On the day of the meeting of the convention the city was filled with a
crowd of excited people who had gathered together from that part of the
state directly interested in the proceedings of the convention. A large
force of extra police had been appointed by the mayor to preserve order,
but their services were not needed, as no disturbances occurred to mar the
occasion.
The convention met after adjournment on the following day at the same
place and was opened with prayer by Rev. W. Smith. The minutes having been
read were, on motion, amended by striking out the name of the gentleman
from Frederick county, it being known that he would be placed in a
dangerous position by representing a county that was in favor of
secession. The convention was then addressed by Mr. Lazier, the purport of
his remarks being that they should proceed with calmness and deliberation
in any action which might be taken.
Mr. Willey rose to a question of privilege, saying that the meaning of the
remarks made by him on yesterday had been misrepresented and he wished to
be clearly understood; he said that he was in favor of a division of the
state, but by peaceful means, if possible.
James S. Wheat, of Wheeling, then presented a series of resolutions from
the committee on federal relations, setting forth the abuses of the
Richmond convention, and claiming the right of the state to annul and
disregard its entire proceedings, also the right to hold an election for
congressman at the usual time; also to maintain the laws of the state and
officers also in the discharge of their duties.
Mr. Carlile then offered a resolution providing for the immediate division
of the state, with the consent of Congress and the Legislature, the state
to be called "New Virginia." Upon the propriety of presenting this
resolution a lively discussion ensued, and considerable confusion arose.
It was finally agreed to let the resolution go to the committee without
further discussion, and thereupon the convention took a recess until two
o'clock P. M.
The convention met after recess at the hour named, but the committee being
unprepared to report a further recess was taken until half past seven
o'clock P. M. The convention reassembled at the hour named. The first
business presented was the report of the committee on state and federal
relations. George McC. Porter offered resolutions looking to a division of
the state, and thereupon Mr. Carlile offered resolutions favoring
immediate action and a speedy dissolution of the ties that bound the
western to the eastern portion of the state. He followed their
presentation with an earnest and able argument in favor of the adoption of
the same and insisted that delay in action would result in President Davis
having them all mustered into the Southern army, and asserted that if a
decisive position was not now taken the secession ordinance would be
ratified here in their midst.
He was followed by Mr. Willey, who declared himself opposed to the views
presented by Mr. Carlile and said his friend from Harrison county wanted
to place them in direct conflict with the state of Virginia, with the
government of the United States and also with the Southern Confederacy. He
asserted that the policy which Mr. Carlile exhorted the convention to
pursue would precipitate a condition of affairs that would cause them to
be slaughtered in their tracks, if they did not make tracks with all
possible speed. He argued that the adoption of the resolutions so
stremlously advocated by Mr. Carlile would constitute treason and admitted
that the interests of the Panhandle might be promoted by constructing a
new state, but wanted to know where the men and money would be obtained
necessary to carry on the fearful war that would be sure to result from
such premature proceedings. At the close of Mr. Willey's remarks the
convention adjourned to meet at nine o'clock the following morning.
The convention met on the following morning pursuant to adjournment and
was opened with prayer by Rev. R. V. Dodge, of the Second Presbyterian
church of Wheeling. Mr. Flesher, of Jackson county, on the opening of the
session called attention to a communication which had appeared in one of
the city papers relative to a meeting of Secessionists which had been held
in his county and denied that the sentiments contained in it were the
sentiments of the people of that county. After the minutes of Tuesday's
session had been read and approved Mr. Carlile proposed an amendment to
his resolution of Tuesday to the following effect: "That the committee
provide for submitting the said ordinance to the people to be voted on on
the 23d of the present month," and thereupon Mr. Willey continued his
remarks, which had been cut short by the adjournment on Tuesday night.
Mr. Jackson, Jr., of Wood county, moved that the convention sit with
closed doors. After a time spent in the discussion of it, the motion was
withdrawn by its mover. Mr. Pierpont then addressed the convention, at the
close of whose remarks a recess was taken until two o'clock P. M.
The convention met after recess, when a report of meetings which had been
held in the counties of Wayne and Cabell which, among other things,
expressed a desire for representation in the convention was presented by
Mr. Carlile, and the request was on motion agreed to. Mr. Polsley, of
Mason county, moved "That the committee be instructed to report upon the
propriety of declaring the state authority canceled by the action of
Governor Letcher and others." Mr. Carlile accepted this as part of the
proposition heretofore presented by him and offered in addition the
following: "That the committee report a time for the re-assembling of this
convention." He said he had not changed his opinion, but he was anxious
and willing to see a spirit of harmony. He doubted if the convention would
be allowed to meet here at the time appointed, but if God spared him he
would be here.
Daniel Lamb moved to refer the report and substitute back to the committee
without instructions, which motion was adopted.
Delegates from the respective counties of Wayne and Cabell having appeared
and asked to be admitted to represent the said counties, they were on
motion of Mr. Carlile admitted.
On motion the convention took a recess until five o'clock P. M. During the
recess a large audience composed of the members of the convention and
citizens generally gathered in the hall to listen to the reading of his
recent charge to the grand jury of Ohio county by Hon. George W. Thompson,
judge of the circuit court, which was an able and exhaustive charge, in
which he fully discussed the nature of treason and the punishment affixed
to it.
The convention met after recess, but the committee on state and federal
relations not being ready to report Mr. Carlile asked for and obtained
leave to read a despatch which had just been received by him from
Clarksburg to the effect that "Letcher's war hounds were about; look out
for troops." He then moved that the convention adjourn over until morning,
as he would receive a letter in the evening giving particluars. After some
remarks by John J. Jackson, Jr., the convention took a recess until seven
o'clock P. M.
On the reassembling of the convention at this last named hour, the
committee on state and federal relations made their report. The convention
then proceeded to appoint a central committee, composed of the following
persons, viz.: John S. Carlile, James S. Wheat, C. D. Hubbard, F. H.
Pierpont, George R. Latham, S. H. Woodward, W. Wilson, Daniel Lamb, Arthur
I. Boreman and James W. Paxton. Mr. Polsley moved that the resolutions
reported by the committee on state and federal relations be laid on the
table, which motion was opposed by General Jackson and Mr. Carlile. The
question recurring on the adoption of the resolutions, it was carried with
but two dissenting voices. A motion to adjourn was then made, before
putting which a resolution of thanks was tendered to the citizens of
Wheeling for their kindness and urbanity toward the members of the
convention, and also to the officers of the convention for the manner in
which they had discharged their duties.
The convention and spectators then engaged in singing the "Star Spangled
Banner," being led in the singing by Rev. R. V. Dodge and Mr. Stevens.
Prayer was then offered by Rev. Gordon Battelle, after which the
convention was addressecl by Hon. William G. Brown in response to loud
calls for him so to do, when on motion to adjourn being put and carried
with the understanding that it was to meet at the call of the committee.
We quote from a writer of the time as follows: "The state of Virginia
through her governor issued his proclamation ordering the seizure of the
postoffice and custom house(*) at Wheeling and a call for the troops in
the western counties of the state to rendezvous at Moundsville. Such was
the sentiment of the Union in this section that the proclamation of
Governor Letcher failed in its purpose. When Virginia passed the ordinance
of secession a crisis was reached, when action of some kind was deemed
necessary. Hence a provisional government was instituted styled the
'Restored Government of Virginia.'
(* When the news reached Wheeling, that the Governor had ordered the
seizure of the Post Office and Custom House a crowd numbering nearly 5,000
persons suddenly appeared upon the scene, armed with guns, pistols, and
clubs to resist any such attempt. The secessionists and their sympathizers
were discreet enough not to attempt the consummation of the Governor's
orders.)
"The following citizens of Wheeling, with many others, were conspicuous in
inaugurating this movement, viz.: C. D. Hubbard, Thomas Logan, A. W.
Campbell, G. L. Cranmer, John List, Daniel Lamb, Thomas and Jacob
Hornbrook, with the prominent business men in the city. Francis H.
Pierpont, of Marion county, was chosen provisional governor. All the
machinery of a state government was established and set in motion, the
jurisdiction of which was recognized throughout the entire northwestern
portion of the state.
"As the Federal arms advanced the jurisdiction of the provisional
government was extended. Alexandria, Virginia, after a time being included
in the Federal lines; the seat of government was removed from Wheeling to
that city.
After the admission of the new state of West Virginia its first governor
was Arthur I. Boreman.
"An almost overwhelming majority of the citizens of Wheeling were Union
men. A few of them, however, espoused the cause of the Confederacy.
Wheeling became a military camp and the sway of the same was supreme. On
the southeastern corner of Market and Sixteenth streets was a building of
large proportions known as the Atheneum, which originally had been erected
for theatrical purposes, but which on the breaking out of the war was
utilized as a military prison. Here suspects and Southern sympathizers who
proved demonstrative in speech or acts were incarcerated. Some prominent
individuals were confined here for a time. The distinctive lines between
loyalty and disloyalty were closely defined. Society was greatly
distracted, and distrust and suspicion were in the ascendant. No suspected
person was permitted to leave the city unless they had a pass from Major
Darr, the provost marshal. Distrust of each other's neighbor was the
prevailing feeling at the time.
The cost of living had greatly increased and especially the necessary
articles for the household. Flour sold at $16 per barrel. Tea at $1.50 and
$1.75 per pound. Coffee, 50 cents per pound. Bacon and hams at 25 cents
per pound. Beef steaks at 25 cents per pound. Brown muslin sold from 50 to
60 cents per yard. A gentleman's fine overcoat cost from $85 to $95, and
other garments in proportion.
House rents were likewise enormously high; an ordinary house of five rooms
brought from $275 to $300 per annum. All kinds of lahor necessarily
advanced to keep pace with the unusual advances in prices. All kinds of
trade flourished by reason of the prevalence of war. This was notably so
in the case of the dry goods business. The rapid advance in prices enabled
merchants to rapidly increase their fortunes.
"In April, 1865, an event occurred which startled the nation from its
center to its circumference. This was the cowardly assination of President
Lincoln at a theatre in Washington City. The effect of this tragedy was to
solidify the cause of the Union and to arouse determination of the people
of the North. This proved to be, too, a grief to the people of the South,
and a fatal injury to their cause.
"For in this same year the last hope of the Confederacy vanished. General
Lee, through the superior strategy and perseverance of General grant, was
compelled to surrender. From this time the angry tempest of human passion
began to subside, and confidence gradually lifted its head, while business
resumed its flow in its usual channels, and peace and prosperity once
again dawned upon a lately torn and bleeding country. The news of General
Lee's surrender caused a feeling of joy and thankfulness to permeate every
portion of the North."
Below is a complete list, from the Poll-Book of Wheeling, of those who
voted the secession ticket, May, 1861:
John Hunter, formerly of Steubenville, Ohio.
Nicholas Crowley, grocer, Market Square.
J. W. Mitchell, lawyer.
George Wheeler, clerk under John McColloch, of County Court.
Eugene Zane, son of Ebenezer Zane, deceased.
R. A. Stransberg, son of Job Stransberg.
John H. Towers, clerk, with Thomas Hughes.
Aaron Kelly, nail factory, Benwood.
John Knote, saddler, Main street.
Edmund P. Zane, lawyer.
Aber Keyes, clerk, with Thomas Hughes.
Dr. Alfred Hughes, brother of Thomas Hughes.
Coorod Goldsborough.
A. F. Hullilren, dentist.
T. E. Askew, confectioner.
James M. Bulger, coffee house.
Thomas Hughes, clothing house.
Charles W. Seabright, clerk, with Thomas Hughes.
Rodolph Over.
William Wharton.
Michael Riley, grocer and liquors, Market and Monroe streets.
J. B. Riley, clerk, with Michael Riley.
John W. Orr, shoemaker, from Washington, Pennsylvania.
J. Updegraft, steamboat man.
John Freeze, steamboat captain.
J. L. Fannce, from Smithfield, Ohio.
John L. Maxwell, clerk.
Ira Sanger, a New Yorker.
Ebenezer McCoy, botanic doctor.
Walter G. Scott, carpenter.
William Miller, foundry, near creek bridge.
Robert Ibertson, grocer, corner Market and Union streets.
John Bulger, saddler.
W. H. Miller, foundry, creek bridge.
John Webb.
John Goudy, Sr., carpenter.
James Sweeney, Sr., brick maker.
Joseph Caldwell.
William C. Phillips.
Philip W. Moore. editor Union.
Tom Strain.
Jerome Pool, coffee house, Washington Hall.
J. H. McNash, formerly of Bosley & McNash.
Thomas M. Riley (Michael Riley's son).
Phil. Riley (Michael Riley's son).
John L. Bonham, firm of Matthews & Bonham.
James Hanlin, South Wheeling.
Dr. James W. Clemens.
Miles Riley, drayman.
Andrew White, clerk, North Western Bank.
Peter Letcher, Catholic book seller, Washington Hall.
Henry Dunlap.
Henry Moore, from Washington, Pennsylvania.
George Henry, cigar maker.
Job Stansberg, sexton East Wheeling graveyard.
Andy A. Gillespie.
A. M. Phillips, Jr.
Harrison Saylards.
Thos. J. Gardner, lumber merchant, North Wheeling.
H. W. Phillips, machinist and foundry, North Wheeling.
C. W. McKinstry.
A. M. Phillips, Sr.
A. J. Pannel, lumber merchant, near Custom House.
W. G. Goshorn.
Alex. Pannel, carpenter.
Daniel Steenrod, Esq.
Hon. Lewis Steenrod.
William P. Wilson, boat builder, firm of Wilson & Dunbar.
John W. Betz.
William Stewart, foundry.
Maddis Ruse.
Dan Dunbar, engineer.
William McCoy, cashier of Savings Institute.
Daniel Zane (Island.)
John L. Fry, son of Hon. J. L. Fry.
D. J. Does.
Peter francis.
S. D. Woodrow.
William Switzer.
William Purcell.
William Otterson, railroad stone mason.
CHAPTER XIII. NOTABLE OCCURRENCES
FLOODS IN THE OHIO RIVER--THE FEARFUL RAVAGES OF CHOLERA IN WHEELING--
GENERAL LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO WHEELING--DANIEL WEBSTER'S VISIT TO WHEELING--
JENNY LIND'S VISIT TO WHEELING--THE EARTHQUAKE VOLUNTEERS--TRI-STATE
REUNION.
FLOODS IN THE OHIO RIVER
The first flood in the Ohio River, of which we have any account, occurred
in the fall of 1768, and is said to have been one of the highest known up
to that time, being notable from the fact that it swept away the Indian
town known as "Mingo" town, named from the tribe that inhabited it, which
was situated a few miles below the present city of Steubenville, Ohio.
In the year 1789 this section was visited by another heavy flood, which
was the occasion of the loss of considerable property to the early
inhabitants of this region.
In the year 1811, the inhabitants on the banks of the Ohio were subjected
to still another flood. The inhabitants of Wheeling were greatly agitated
by reason of the rapid rise of the waters after the prevalence of a long
and severe storm. The river was filled with all sorts of drift, such as
cabins, corn cribs, fences and outhouses of various kinds. The waters bore
of their surface thousands of pumpkins which had been washed from the
vines, and from the number of this vegetable borne away on the current, it
received the name and was always spoken of afterwards as the "Great
Pumpkin Flood."
In the year 1832 occurred the great flood of that year, which was highly
destructive in its character, causing the loss of much valuable property.
The Island opposite Wheeling was submerged to the depth of 10 feet. Daniel
Zane, who lived at this time in a brick house on the Island, was
apprehensive that the north wall of his house would he battered down by
the number of logs and trees which were hurled against it, borne by the
irresistible farce of the current. From the frequent concussions, the wall
began to weaken and was bulging inwards, but fortunately a large tree
lodged at the wall and in a large degree protected it from the threatened
demolition. During the night he and his family remained up, but fearful
every moment that the house might fall and they be submerged beneath its
ruins. But a kind Providence watched over and protected them. In the early
morning he took steps toward moving his family to Wheeling. His ferrymen
Walker Hunter and John Watkins, faithful and devoted friends of Mr. Zane,
revived to make the effort to convey the family to the other side. They
succeeded in getting the horse ferry boat, which was fastened a short
distance below the house to a large walnut tree to the front of the
dwelling, when the family emerged from a window in the second story to the
boat, which rode on a level with it, reaching it in safety.
The crossing of the angry waters to the town was full of danger as the
river was full of driftwood. and the fear that something about the boat
might break and usher them all to a watery grave made it an extremely
perilous undertaking. It required strong arms and brave hearts to
accomplish the passage. The boat, as we have said, was a horse ferry
operated by horse power. There were two horses. A landing was effected in
Monroe (now Twelfth) street, midway between Main and Market streets, near
a livery stable kept by a person by the name of Fogle. As they landed, the
faithful horses, overcome by exhaustion, fell dead in their tracks.
The next important flood occurred in the year 1852, and was about one foot
lower than the flood of 1832. Steamboats crossed over the Island from the
Virginia to the Ohio side of the river unobstructed. Much valuable
property was wrecked and destroyed, and the losses in Wheeling and its
vicinity amounted to many thousands of dollars.
The next flood in the order of time was that of 1860, which attained to a
height of 43 feet and seen inches. This was followed by a flood in 1861,
which occurred in September of that year, and reached a height of 44 feet.
In the spring of the following year. Wheeling was visited with a flood of
the depth of 37 feet. In March, 1865, the flood of this year reached the
height of 41 feet, and in the winter of the succeeding year it reached
within a few inches of 30 feet. In 1878 the water reached to the height of
34 feet nine inches. In June, 1881, it reached a height of 40 feet. In
1883 it rose to the height of 39 feet.
In February, 1884, occurred the highest and most destructive flood of any
that had preceded it. Hundreds lost their houses and their household goods
and great devastation was wrought all along the banks of the river. At
Wheeling it reached to the unprecedented height of 52 feet.
In January of 1891, and in February of the same year the high water marks
were, respectively, 33 and 34 feet. In the winter of 1893 it rose to the
height of 36 feet, two inches.
THE FEARFUUL RAVAGES OF CHOLERA IN WHEELING
The year 1833 was one the counterpart of which before or since was never
experienced in this city, as some of our old citizens who still remain can
testify. It was in the summer of that year that the Asiatic cholera made
its appearance in this community.
Reports of its fearful ravages in the cities and settlements along the
Mississippi and lower Ohio Rivers were received almost daily and these in
the most instances, far from being exaggerated, fell greatly short of the
reality.
Hence in its advance up the valley of the last named river, its approach
was regarded with an unspeakable dread, which awakened the anxious fears
and terrorized the hearts of the stoutest.
The Angel of Death, whose fearful mission was world-wide, was abroad in
the land, bearing pestilence on his wings, scattering broadcast his
fearful shafts and poisoning the air with his breath. Who would escape the
dire scourge, or who were fated to fall victims before it, were questions
which human foresight and wisdom were at a loss to answer. The gloomy pall
of death was hanging over the nation and the alarm was universal.
It furnished a fruitful theme for pulpit discourses; it made the subject
for press editorials and news items; it was the prominent thing discussed
in the family circle; and it was the all absorbing topic of conversation
among friends and acquaintances as they met in the streets, and with
blanched cheek and bated breath dwelt upon its fearful havoc.
The very atmosphere seemed to be charged with some portentious calamity
and business was paralyzed in view of the anticipated result of this
mysterious visitant. Numbers of persons betrayed the fear of which they
were the victims, both in looks and conversation.
During the plague's greatest prevalence, the stores were generally closed,
the different branches of trade and business were suspended, and every one
appeared to realize that a more fatal sword than that of Damocles was
hanging over their heads which might at any sudden and unexpected moment
descend with fatal effect.
Those who could left the city and abandoned their homes, some fleeing to
the country and others to small towns and villages in the vicinity. Many
of such never found a place of safety, but were attacked by the scourge
and found solitary graves among strangers, or in remote resting places.
In the cemetery, coffins by the score strewed the ground waiting for
sepulture, while the grave diggers from mere exhaustion were compelled to
desist from their labors, and fresh hands had to be called upon to
complete the work of burial.
The population of the town was reduced to a minimum, as all who could
leave it had embraced the opportunity of doing so, and in the case of some
their departure was so hurried that the remains of the food which they had
tastily partaken and the dishes used by them were left upon the cumbered
tables in the condition they were when the occupants arose from the same.
Men then, as never before, recognized the fact that there was a Providence
which ruled over the destinies of His creatures and ordered all things
according to the dictates of His will; and at the same time realized in
all its force the uncertainty of life. Scoffers ceased to sneer, nervously
trembled, as with bated breath they spoke of the death of some intimate
friend or familiar acquaintance, which fell like a blow upon their
bewildered senses. Lovers of pleasure forgot their fond pursuits and
abandoned their usual haunts, and with humbled mien and chastened
countenances wended their silent way aimlessly along the deserted streets
with other thoughts and feelings than those on pleasure bent.
The mourners went about the streets with bowed heads, sorrow-stricken and
woe-begone, as they missed from their accustomed places the forms of loved
ones. There was scarcely a house which was unvisited by the fell destroyer
and where the habiliments of mourning were not seen.
The physicians of the city were worn out by their constant and unremitting
care and attention to the sick and dying, and in some instances, where
friends and relatives, captivated by their fears of the dread scourge had
fled from the bedsides of their suffering ones, these were the only nurses
and attendants. Day and night alike, they were hurried from house to house
in answer to the demands for their attention and skill, and to their
credit be it recorded as long as tired nature could bear the they never
hesitated to respond.
The city authorities were not slow in adopting and recommending all known
expedients to meet the plague and prevent its spread. The streets were
cleaned, the cellars limed and everything in any manner calculated to
foster disease was abated.
They likewise interdicted the sale of vegetables and fruits, such as
beans, cabbage, radishes, cucumbers, apples, pears, peaches, etc., and
cautioned the people against their use. Coal fires were lighted and
constantly kept burning on the corners of the streets, on the supposition
that the sulphur would prove an antedote to the malaria in the atmosphere.
A spectator standing on the summit of one of the hills overlooking the
city witnessed a sad and gloomy picture. He looked down upon lonely and
deserted streets in which was discovered no dray or vehicle of any kind,
except such as were engaged in the mournful duty of conveying the dead to
resting places. The hollow sound produced by the rumbling wheels of these
last alone broke the silence of the desolation which otherwise reigned
supreme. A dense cloud of smoke hung over the city like a funeral pall,
suggestive of the fact that here, indeed, was a city where death reigned
and held high carnival.
Thomas J. Lees, a local poet, and who was a witness of the sad and
sorrowful scenes of that mournful period, gave expression in verse to the
havoc which death made in the community and the desolation experienced in
those trying days. From this address, which was written for the Wheeling
Times, on the first New Year's Day after the appearance of the cholera in
the city, we make the following quotation:
"Rank pestilence went forth by night and day
Sweeping our race like autumn leaves away.
Death bared its weapon with terrific might,
And all was desolate, fear and flight;
All human schemes, all projects at an end;
No power on earth could mortal man defend;
His haughty spirit humbled to the dust
Sought in Omnipotence its only trust:
All else was perilous beneath the sky,
'Twas death to tarry and 'twas death to fly.
In every street was seen the rumbling hearse
Fast bearing to the grave the frequent corse,
Heart-sick mourners wandered to and fro,
Dark days of trouble, closed in nights of woe.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
We thought, returning home with solemn tread,
To-morrow or tonight we rest among the dead."
One Sabbath afternoon during the midsummer of the year of which we write,
the bells on the boats lying at the wharf suddenly rung out continued
peals which were heard far away in the prevailing stillness and quiet of
the day, startling the people with their noisy clamor, creating a state of
alarm and excitement which spread throughout the entire community, and
caused a crowd speedily to assemble to enquire the cause of such an
unwonted occurrence on the Sabbath. The commotion was explained by a
report which had reached the city that the citizens of the town of
Bridgeport, on the opposite side of the Ohio River, were panic stricken
and had fled, leaving the sick untended and the dead unburied.
Hence the alarm which had been sounded was for the purpose of securing
volunteers to go to Bridgeport and render needed assistance and attention.
The call was not unheeded, but met with prompt response. The ferry boat
which then plied between the Wheeling shore and the Island was soon
crowded with, persons of both sexes, messengers of mercy, who hastened to
the relief of the unfortunate denizens of the stricken village. The report
was doubtless exaggerated, but whether so or not it is a fact that no town
or city in the land suffered as severely in proportion to the number of
its inhabitants, as did Bridgeport.
On the site of the present freight depot of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
in Wheeling there was located at the time of which we write a factory
known as the "Point Cotton Factory," the machinery of which had been
removed, and the building was used by the city as a hospital for cholera
patients and others suffering from contagious diseases. It had been placed
under the control and superintendency of Isaac Burt, a most worthy and
capable gentleman. The building was well adapted for the purpose for which
it was used.
After the cholera had abated, and the inmates had recovered or died, two
persons residing in a small tenement situated about 20 yards from the
factory building on the bank of the river, about ten o'clock one night
there seated at a window which looked out upon the factory, when their
attention was arrested by a light in the first story, or machine room,
moving towards the spiral staircase, which was erected on the outside of
the building for communication with the upper stories.
As the light entered the rotunda, its rays shown through the lower window
and in a few minutes it reappeared at the window of the second platform
and from thence passed into the second story toward the east end of the
building, when to their great astonishment it flashed out, with the power
and intensity of a dozen lamps, on the yard beneath, seemingly through a
door in the north end of the picking room. The persons who were witnesses
of the phenomena were not alarmed, as it was common when there were sick
persons in the building to see lights at night borne by the attendants
shining through the windows, as they were compelled to pass tip and down
the stairs. At the time it was supposed by them that a patient had been
brought to the hospital at some time during the afternoon, whose arrival
they had not observed. But the next morning, upon inquiry being made of
the boy who slept in the building, a son of Mr. Burt's, ?who was about
twelve or fifteen years of age, he stated that there were no patients in
this building during the night, and that he had retired to bed about eight
o'clock in the evening and that he had not been up after retiring, and
moreover, that he had no light, nor any means with which to strike one,
and that it was impossible for any one to have entered the building
without his knowledge, as nothing was missing, and that when lie arose he
found all the doors, by which entrance could have been obtained, securely
barred and bolted, just as he had left them on the preceding night.
Now as to the correctness of the story as stated by the witnesses, there
could be no doubt, as they were persons of recognized standing and
integrity in the community. Besides, they could have no possible reason or
motive for fabricating such a story, which at the time was accepted as
true and caused no small sensation in the community, and was generally and
freely discussed.
Though there is a mystery connected with this affair, we are far from
believing that there was anything supernatural in it, or that it does not
admit of explanation on scientific principles. But this is not the place
to enter into such discussion. We simply submit it as an episode of the
period of which we write.
GENERAL LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO WHEELING
On Tuesday, May 24, 1825, an express arrived from Grave Creek at about
half past 11 A. M. announcing to the citizens of Wheeling that the
steamboat "Herald," having on board General Lafayette and others, had
passed the flats just as he started and that the distinguished Frenchman
might be expected in the course of half an hour. Immediately the bells
commenced ringing (that being the signal agreed upon to announce the
approach of the General and his company) and all was bustle and
preparation. The members of the Independent Company of Volunteers, who
were to receive him at his landing, hastily moved towards the place of
rendezvous, while at intervals the sound of martial music swelled upon the
ear. It was a typical day, with a cloudless sky canopying the earth, while
the sun clothed hill and valley in the largeness of its glory and beauty,
and all nature seemed to be in unison, with the interesting occasion. It
was a day fraught with joy and gladness, filling every patriotic heart
with emotions of gratitude. Groups of anxious and expectant citizens had
collected on the banks of the river and with straining sight were
endeavoring tot catch some signs of the near approach of their long
expected guest. Not long did they have to wait, for the report of a
distant gun and the cloud of blue smoke which lifted above. gave the
certain intimation that the nation's guest was near at hand. In a few
minutes the boat moved majestically up to the landing. The scene now
presented was one of unusual interest. In front of the landing place was
drawn up in order the "Independent Blues," under the command of Capt.
William McConnell. Arranged upon the right and left in files were a crowd
of citizens, awaiting in breathless anxiety the appearance of the hero. In
the space between were the committee of arrangements, consisting of the
following named individuals: A. Woods, S. Sprigg, G. Dulty, M. W.
Chapline, E. B. Swearingen and Z. Jacob, the members of the corporation,
and a few of the most prominent citizens. All the beauty, fashion and
intellect of Wheeling had assembled to witness the imposing scene.
Upon the arrival of the boat at Beymer's landing, which at that day was
the public landing, the General descended from the boat, followed by his
son, George Washington Lafayette, M. Le Vasseur, his secretary, and the
Governor of Ohio, who had accompanied him from Cincinnati. Upon landing,
he was introduced to the authorities by Andrew Stewart, of Pennsylvania,
after which he was addressed as follows by judge Alexander Caldwell, of
the district court "General Lafayette: - The citizens of Wheeling welcome
you to Western Virginia. After the lapse of forty-three years, you return
to the Atlantic States, the scene of your former usefulness, the theatre
of your former glory. We of the West scarcely permitted ourselves to hope
that we should have the happiness of seeing you among us. Your arrival
revives in our recollection the debt of gratitude we owe to the patriot
who sacrificed so much in the cause of liberty. Although from a political
point of view, it is impossible to foresee to the fullest extent the
beneficial consequences which may result to mankind from the establishment
of this republic, yet as the tree of liberty, which your valor contributed
to plant in these states, has taken so firm a root; may we not indulge the
hope that it will in future times extend its branches throughout the world
and render the object for which you fought universal. Upon the seaboard
since your first departure new cities have arisen, and other indications
of the nation's march to greatness are visible. But in the West populous
towns and new states have sprung into existence. Liberty and the blessings
pertaining to the free government have triumphed; civilization has
prevailed over savage life, and a new generation of people, taught by
their fathers to venerate the name of Lafayette, welcome the arrival of
their second parent. General, we receive you with the most lively
sensibility and shall part from you with the deepest regret."
Lafayette replied as follows:
"'It affords me great pleasure, after the interesting tour I have made,
once more to arrive on the territory of Virginia. It recalls to memory the
many interesting occurrences which befell me in this state, and the firm
and endearing friendships I formed with so many of her citizens, some of
whom have gone down to the tomb, yet enough remain to remind me of former
days. During my long stay, the people of the United States have
established a government, founded on liberal and just principles, having
liberty for its basis, and the happiness of the community for its aim.
Such a government deserves to be perpetuated to all future time. May all
nations profit by it; may its example have no other limit than the globe
itself.
"Upon the seaboard new cities have indeed arisen, in population trebled,
and commerce greatly extended. This was to have been expected. But in the
West within the same period, cities and populous towns almost without
number have been erected upon sites covered with forests and inhabited by
beasts of prey. New states have likewise been formed of territories then
only known to the native Indian. Such are the effects of a paternal and
wise government.
"The affectionate reception with which the citizens of this town favor me,
fills me with sensibility, and the manifestations of regard so generally
bestowed affect my heart. I beg them to accept of my best wishes for their
health and happiness."
At the conclusion of the address he entered a barouche in waiting, which
was drawn by a span of dun-colored horses, the establishment being the
property of John McLure, Sr., which was generously loaned by him for the
occasion. Noah Zane. Esq., took a seat beside him. While this was
transpiring, the most profound silence reigned throughout the assembled
multitude. Amidst the solemn and imposing stillness of the scene, every
heart beat at high speed with expectation, and every countenance told how
intense was the feeling that the presence of the nation's benefactor
excited. But no sooner was he seated than the air was rent with the
acclamations of admiring thousands.
The procession then moved in the following order: The "Independent Blues,"
citizens on horseback, the barouche with General Lafayette and Mr. Zane, a
carriage with George Washington Lafayette and M. Le Vasseur, the Governor
of Ohio and suite in two carriages, and a procession of citizens. The
procession passed up to Main street, to Mr. Simm's hotel, where
accommodations had been provided for the guests. Here great numbers of
every age, and condition were presented to the General and his patience
and condescension, as well as urbanity, were truly admirable. After a
short time, he retired to his chamber, where he engaged in writing letters
until about 2 o'clock, when he again presented himself to the people.
Numbers pressed round him, and many a hoary veteran who had fought under
him, and by his side, the battles of the Revolution, eagerly grasped the
hand of his loved, but long-absent commander.
"Wept" o'er his wounds and tales of sorrow done,
shouldered his crutch, and showed how fields were won."
To these he was particularly kind and attentive. While recounting their
common sufferings and triumphs, he frequently grasped their hands with
emotion, and expressed the happiness he felt in again meeting his old
comrades. At 4 o'clock a company of 30 sat down to dinner prepared by Mr.
Simms, at which Col. Moses W. Chapline presided. No toasts had been
prepared, but the following sentiments were proposed:
By the president: "The health of our distinguished guest."
By Lafayette: "Wheeling. The center of communication of the East and West,
may it be more frequent and more beneficial."
At 7 o'clock the General visited his Masonic brethren of Ohio Lodge, No.
1, of which order he was a worthy and honorable member. He was welcomed to
the lodge room by the late Morgan Nelson, D. D., grand master, and
conducted to the east, where an address of welcome was delivered by the
grand master, which was appropriately responded toy by their guest, At the
conclusion of these proceedings, the lodge was called from labor to
refreshments and the brethren were severally presented to their
distinguished guest.
On the same evening a public ball was given at Virginia Hotel, the
proprietor of which was Edward Graham, and the ladies were favored with an
introduction to the General. He sat upon a dias or raised platform, which
had been erected at one end of the dancing hall, from which he witnessed
the festivities, from a participation in which he was prevented from
actively engaging by reason of his wound and the gout from which he was a
great sufferer at times. The display of female beauty and elegance on the
occasion was astonishing for a place no larger in size than Wheeling then
was. The tickets to the ball were readily disposed of at the price of $10
each and not less than l00 couples were in attendance. The rooms were
handsomely decorated and no pains nor expense were spared by Mr. Graham to
provide an elegant entertainment, and he merited and received the thanks
of the citizens for his successful exertions on that interesting
occurrence. The company was gratified by the presence of Andrew Stewart of
Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and the members of the committee from Washington,
Pennsylvania, consisting of judge Baird, T. McGiflin, T. McKennan, T.
Morgan and D. Moore, who came here to meet the General and invite him to
their respective towns.
On the 25th of May, at 8 o'clock in the morning, the General, accompanied
by the Governor of Ohio, and the other gentlemen, who had escorted him
hither, proceeded on his way to Washington, Pennsylvania, being escorted
out of town by the military, the committee of arrangements and other
citizens, the latter of whom continued with the General to the boundary
line separating this state from Pennsylvania, when the Washington
committee took charge of him and he was conducted on his journey.
A few more than three score years and ten have passed since the happening
of the local event herein recorded and the nation's guest of that day has
long since departed to that bourne from which no traveler returns and as
yet no fitting monument has been erected by his countrymen to commemorate
his knightly qualities and chivalrous character, but it is the privilege
of the rising generation to recall his noble, disinterestedness and
illustrious deeds in the dlark hours of their country's peril, and by
their contributions aid in erecting a suitable monument to perpetuate his
fame and memory.
A few years since, when in Paris, the writer visited Pere la Chase, a
Necropolis where repose so many of France's distinguished dead, expecting
to find there the tomb of Lafavette, but turned away disappointed on
learning that his remains reposed in another cemetery.
Lafayette died in Paris, May 2o, 1834, at the age of seventy-seven. His
funeral was grand and impressive, conducted with the greatest order, the
demeanor of the great multitude which attended it being solemn and deeply
reverent. At the time of Lafayette's visit to the United States, Charles X
was the King of France, a person of weak character, jealous disposition
and biased judgment. The enthusiasm which characterized the reception of
Lafayette in the history of this country aroused the prejudices of this
suspicious monarch, and he at once imposed the most severe restrictions on
the French press, lest the expressions of respect and gratitude upon the
part of the people of the United States toward their visitor should awaken
within the breasts of his subjects sympathetic feelings in behalf of
republicanism and sow the seeds of unrest and disquietude.
Of the gay crowd of ladies and gentlemen who were in attendance at the
ball above referred to, all have passed away.
As a matter of curious interest and an expression of sentiment on the part
of our English cousins during the visit of General Lafayette to our
country in 1824-25 we copy from an English paper under date of February
24, 1825, the following effusion:
"See Freedom's champion, full of years,
The pride of the Free-man's story,
Again across the Atlantic steers.
To the land of his former glory.
The old world's night he leaves behind,
The morn of the new is before him
And the ocean is calm and the winds are kind,
And the Heavens shine mildly o'er him.
And see, on the shores of Freedom's land,
A nation is fondly straying,
And asking each billow that breaks on the strand,
Why their guest is so long delaying.
He comes! he lands and a thousand arms
Are stretched at once to enfold him;
And Liberty clasps him in all her charms,
Rejoicing again to behold him.
Sublime from her throne in the World of the West
She extends him the sceptre he gave her,
While the millions around her cry-'Hail' to their guest
The hero who conquered to rave her.
Oh! who would not envy the godlike pride
And triumph his soul is feeling,
While the sons of those sires who fought by his side
Their gratitude thus are revealing.
Those sires now sleep in the arms of their Fame,
Where soon he shall hasten to find them;
But their spirits still hear and approve the acclaim
Which he yet is enjoying behind them.
But who is he with looks so white
Who comes by so many surrounded?
'Tis the 'Father' who first in America's right
The trumpet of Liberty sounded!
With filial awe the crowds attend,
And weeps while his tears are flowing ?
While he clings round the neck of his ancient friend,
And seems to his bosom growing.
Now Lafayette! the hour is come,
The proudest that ever passed o'er thee,
When thou sharest of true glory a mightier sum
Than all who have gone before thee.
And glowing forever in Fame's bright sky,
Shall the triumph thou now art reaping
Be the pole-star of hope to the patriot's eye
When thou art with Washington sleeping."
"Signed W. B."
Written at Dunfires.
We copy from the Wheeling Gazette of May 21, 1825, the arrangements made
for the reception of General Lafayette in Wheeling, a follows:
General Lafayette being expected to arrive here on Tuesday or Wednesday
nex, the committee of arrangement have determined upon the following order
for his reception. On leaving the steamboat, the General will be received
at Beymer's landing where a procession will be formed in the following
order:
Wheeling Independent Blues,
Committee of Arrangements,
General Lafayette and a member of the Committee of Arrangements,
Mr. G. W. Lafayette, and Mr. LeVasseur, Citizens.
The procession will move up to the Main street, and down the street to Mr.
Simms' hotel, where the General will be received by the Committee of
Arrangements. On the evening of the General's arrival a ball will be given
at Mr. E. Graham's Tavern.
(Signed) A. Woods, S. Sprigg, G. Dully, M. W. Chapline, E. B. Swearingen,
and Z. Jacob.
Committee of Arrangements
DANIEL WEBSTER'S VISIT TO WHEELING.
The following account of the visit of Daniel Webster to Wheeling and his
speech on the occasion was communicated by an old-time resident of this
city.
Up to 1837, and even much later, the old Virginia Hotel, though often
changing proprietors, maintained its position as the best house in
Wheeling. Although the U. S. Hotel was large and near the river and stage
offices, the Virginia had the most boarders and travelers. It occupied the
corner where the Grant House afterward stood. but it consisted only of a
front the depth of one room below and two chambers above, with two wings
running back to Market street, leaving a little square for dirt and boot-
blacks, each wing having a two-story porch, affording the only way to the
chambers above. It was not much of a hotel.
Daniel Webster, with his wife and daughter, Katie, had commenced their
trip westward. They came by the coach to Pittsburg. We had invited him to
Wheeling, and a committee went to Pittsburg for him. On the day he was
expected a boat was chartered, all the flags of the city were borrowed,
and a big crowd of citizens went on to meet him. The boat on which he was
we met near sunset above Martinsville, and amid flying flags, rousing
cheers and playing bands, the boats were lashed together and went
triumphantly down to Wheeling.
Beltzhoover, who then kept the house and kept a good one, had been
employed to prepare dinner for the next day at two o'clock at $10 a
ticket, and all that the dining room would hold were sold. This, I think,
covered the whole expense of the committee, boat and dinner. The dinner as
well as wines were good. Our mail came in from the east about half past
seven o'clock in the evening, and the New York papers announced the
suspension of the banks. In the morning I handed Mr. Webster the papers.
He remarked that he knew it must take place and extend over the whole
country, but did not expect it so soon. His speech at the dinner was
confined to the causes of the suspension and the necessary, effects, a
long, widespread depression of business, which he traced directly to the
action of the government in the tariff of 1833, and the destruction of the
United States Bank. I had gone in with Frank Campbell, and had carried
paper and pencil with a view of taking some notes and giving a synopsis of
the speech as best I could. We sat directly opposite him, and both were
spellbound, looking in his face until he closed. I had heard him often
before, but was as much awed as when I first heard him in the Cowinshield
murder case in 1829. That massive man, who seemed to loom up above all
others, who inspired one with his majesty of person, with his voice, with
the flash of his deep-set, dark, hazel eye, and with his every movement,
yet he was not really a large man, in height only about five feet, ten
inches. His head looked very large, but there are many as large. He wore a
7 hat. Mr. Clay's looked much smaller, but was of the same size. His
shoulders and chest were very large, that was all: he tapered to small
hips and very small hands and feet. He weighed very little, if any, over
200 pounds.
The power of his deep sonorous voice, and of the only gestures he ever
made, bowing his head slightly, and raising his right hand to a level with
his shoulder, with all extended fore finger, aided in the impression of
majesty and power. Possessed of a power, to an extent equalled by no other
man I have ever heard or of whom I have ever read, of going directly to
the point at which he aimed without an unnecessary word or the use of one
for which you could substitute another without weakening the sentence,
aided not only in captivating your fancy or giving scope to your
imagination, but commanded, nay, grasped your reason and your soul. Cicero
has lived and been fondly read for many centuries, but he was like the
brook running over its pebbly bed straight to the sea; Webster, like the
roar of mighty waters when the tide rushes into the Bay of Fundy with a
bead of 20 feet and all living things cry and fly before it, as from the
simoon of the great desert. Cicero, with his pure, limited language, with
but words enough to express his ideas, was like the man with but One suit
of clothes. If his tailor had done his duty he must be well dressed, taste
or no taste, while Webster, with the most diffuse of all languages, was
given a whole store full of clothes, yet he dressed with the most perfect
possible taste, using his own judgment in the selection.
You have all seen portraits of Mr. Webster, but none of them do justice to
the power his personal appearance had upon those who saw him for the first
time at least. Willis Gaylord Clarke well described it in the
Knickerbocker of that day. Walking in company with an English friend they
passed Webster. The Englishman turned and repassed him, and, Coming back
to his friend with horror written on his countenance, exclaimed, "Who is
that man?" "Mr. Webster," was the reply. "What Webster?" "Why Daniel
Webster, of Massachusetts, of New England, of America, of the World." "If
I had met him in the Alps," said the Englishman, "I should have fled from
him as an assassin. He is an assassin of mind. No one ever met him but
fell before him."
That speech to that little dining-room full in Wheeling was among his most
powerful efforts. It was published everywhere and formed the basis of the
financial discussions of 1840, and in his great Andover speech in 1844 he
quoted largely from it. He remained in Wheeling over Sunday and attended
Rev. Dr. Weed's church on Fourth street, where he said he heard a very
good sermon.
It was amusing to see him and his family going to church. He went ahead
with that never-to-be-forgotten tramp, placing his foot down as though he
intended to stay there. There was no elasticity in his legs, and
apparently no bones, heel or instep in his feet. His wife, not much for
pretty, came about a rod behind, with much the same tramp. Miss Kate went
a rod behind her, with more of good looks and less stiffness, but she was
very hard to keep step with, and if the daisies of Marshfield would rise
unhurt from under her feet they are hardier than any I have seen. They
left for the West, per steamer, on Monday morning and left a dark and
heavy pall over the city, which was only raised in 1840 by the songs of
"Clear de Kitchen," and "We've nothing else to do." Yet they tell us these
panics are periodical. They have a cause as sure as the world has a God.
Beltzhoover kept his house for a year after and his servants used to say
they got all the travelers from the steamers and stages "'cept they had
har trunks and shoes." McCrearv then kept it for a year or two, during
which time it was extended back to Market street. Then a man came from the
East who might have kept a Sunday-school, perhaps, if he had not drank and
gambled, but he could not keep a hotel. Then came James Mathews, who
changed the name to Monroe House.
JENNY LIND'S VISIT TO WHEELING.
In the year 1851 Jenny Lind visited this city, having been brought here by
a committee of gentlemen, consisting of John Bishop, Samuel H. Greer,
Jacob S. Rhodes, Andrew J. Pannell and others. P. T. Barnum, the great
showman, was her manager, and the committee made arrangements with him to
give one concert in the city, for which they agreed to pay him $5,000. The
committee had procured the Fourth Street M. E. church as the place for the
proposed concert, that being at the time the most commodious audience room
in the city four holding the expectant crowd. The fame of this
distinguished artiste had preceded her, and the whole community was
excited at the prospect of seeing and hearing this nightingale of the
North, the melody of whose voice sounded throughout the civilized world.
The choice of seats was put up at public auction, and the first was bid in
by an individual of the name of Michael Imhoff, a tailor, for the sum of
$250. He chose a seat in the most conspicuous part of the edifice. He
procured an imitation of a large eagle, which he caused to he sumptuously
covered with gold leaf; this was secured on his back and shoulders, the
outstretched wings of the bird hovering with protecting wings over his
head, forming a canopy under the overshadowing pinions of which he
sheltered his aesthetic cranium. He was exquisite in his dress, which was
a la niode; it consisted of a blue cloth swallow-tailed coat, which was
adorned with strikingly bright and shiny brass buttons, a white marseilles
vest, lavender colored pantaloons and a necktie of the same character. Of
course, he attracted the observation of all present, which he seemed to
have hugely enjoyed.
The ordinary price of admission tickets was $10 each; some sold higher, as
they commanded a premium. The largest number of tickets sold at any one
price brought $5, the holders of which were entitled to seats in the
galleries of the church. The street in front of the church was crowded
with an anxious throng of eager spectators who stood for hours hoping to
catch a glimpse of the famous songstress, while the inside of the building
was so crowded that standing room was at a premium. The committee realized
the handsome sum of several hundred dollars above the sum stipulated to be
paid for her appearance. The troupe consisted principally of Jenny Lind,
Signor Salvi, Monsieur Beletti and Prof. Jules Benedict. and was attended
by a fine orchestra.
THE EARTHQUAKE VOLUNTEERS.
In its day the organization termed the Earthquake Volunteers held a
conspicuous position in our local annals and was productive of an amount
of fun that would in these changed times be deemed marvelous. Through the
greater portion of the first half of this century a law was in existence
and rigidly enforced compelling all able-bodied citizens between the ages
of eighteen and twenty-five to attend an annual muster lasting one day in
each year: long before the law was repealed it became extremely irksome
and was regarded as a great bore.
The natural outgrowth of that feeling is exemplified in the picture you
are now looking at, the muster of the "Earthquake Volunteers," a
burlesque on the regular muster.
The reporter looked with new interest at the picture. It represents a
motley gathering on the square in front of Strong's Exchange Coffee House
on Eleventh street, near the Market House. The aim of the militiamen was
to have as many unique and grotesque costumes and transparencies as
possible, and their success, judging from the picture, must have been
something to be proud of.
Opening an old scrap book the judge showed the following call printed in
the Wheeling Times:
ATTENTION EARTHQUAKES!!
The Earthquake Independent Volunteers, and others who wish to join this
far famed corps, are requested to meet at the Bachelor's Hall on Thursday
Evening next (6th inst.) at early candle light, for the purpose of making
arrangements for the approaching celebration of the Battle of Bladensburg,
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By Order of the CAPTAIN.
-- ( ' * -'-, Orderly Sergeant.
August 4, 1835.
If the above be taken as a fair sample of the effect of an earthquake
among the types, what must it have been among the people? The muster took
place on the sixth day of November, 1835, and, although there is no record
at hand to show it, the population doubtless turned out en masse to see
it.
To the right in the picture is an ambulance labeled: "For the Dead,
Wounded, Sick, Lame and Drunk." A long flagstaff fastened at the front of
the ambulance bore near its apex a triangular device, the letters on which
are indistinct, at the point a live fox calmly surveyed the scene from the
vantage ground of a small platform, The ambulance was comfortably full,
doubtless the exact condition of its occupants. Other banners were
interesting. "Earthquake Volunteers, the Terror of the Whole World;" "For
our Wives, Our Children, Our Sweethearts, Our Chimney Corners;" "We Have
Met the Enemy and We are Theirs." "Soldiers in Peace, Citizens in War,"
"My Soul's Delight," this was alcove and below an assortment of decanters
and glasses; "The Bullwark of the Nation," a cadaverous longhorned bull;
"Rennet of the Revolutionary Heroes;" "Our Sample Will Inspire Our
Children." At the head of the column the commanding officer rode an old
horse that had been turned out to die, but had had a little life
galvanized into him for the occasion. Across his shoulder he bore a big
green sword, 20 feet long, inscribed with the legend, "We are Born to
Command." Big wooden swords seemed to be popular, not less than a score
being shown. Brooms were the favorite weapons, with pitchforks and hay
rakes neck and neck for second position. A detachment was proudly guarding
"Long Tom," a huge section of stove pipe.
The older residents of the city, when in a reminiscent mood, often laugh
over the merry days of "auld lang syne," and none of them produce such
merriment as the memory-painted days of the muster of the "Earthquake
Volunteers."
TRI-STATE REUNION
On the 23rd day of September, 1886, a Tri-State Reunion was an event the
equal of which, in its way, was never before witnessed in Wheeling. In
general and profuse decorations nothing ever approached it, except the
celebration of the Centennial, and that did not equal it. The crowd has
seldom been surpassed in Wheeling, and this crowd was unfavorably affected
by threats of rain, by the rain of the night before, and by the fact that
at least two of the railroads instead of cooperating with the committee in
securing a large attendance seemed actuated by a desire to prevent the
people from coming to the city. It is safe to assert that under
circumstances entirely favorable the crowd in town would have been twice
as large.
As it was everything passed off smoothly, everybody was pleased, and the
success of the Tri-State Reunion of 1886 did much to contribute to the
success of the Society of the Army of West Virginia in 1887.
The grand parade and review of the veterans took place as arranged for in
the programme. Like everything else about the reunion, it was a big
success, and made a very decided impression upon the thousands that lined
the streets along the line of march. While the number in line was not as
large as many expected to see, the procession was still a notable and
interesting one. The heavy rain of the previous night had made the
streets, except those paved with the brick blocks, very muddy and slippery
and difficult to march over. This fact and the clouds, which threatened
rain all the morning, served to keep a large number out of the ranks.
Indeed, it was a common remark that the number of old soldiers in the
crowds that filled the sidewalks and watched the column swing by almost
equaled the number marching in the streets.
At daybreak a national salute of 13 rounds was fired on the State Fair
Grounds from the 12-pound Parrot gun brought down from East Liverpool and
handled by a squad under the command of Capt. Joshua Curfman. At the same
time the clear, ringing notes of the reveille were sounded by Bugler
Roller from the top of Wheeling hill. The thundering echoes of the salute
had not yet ceased reverberating among the Ohio and West Virginia hills,
and the bugle call was yet sounding, when the city was wide awake and the
streets alive with the bustle of preparation.
Decorations disturbed by the wind and rain of the night before were
arranged and additional flags and mottoes put out. The day broke bright
and clear, but soon after the sky was overcast with clouds that betokened
rain. Only a few drops fell, however, and the clouds served to shield the
marchers from the sun's rays. The day was warm, but not oppressively so.
Col. W. B. Curtis, who had been chosen the chief marshal of the day, had
issued his order commanding the troops to be in position to move promptly
at nine o'clock, but it was not until after ten o'clock the order to move
was passed along the line. The delay was occasioned by the lateness of
trains bearing troops that were to take part in the parade. As it was,
several companies did not get into the city in time to start with the
column, and were obliged to drop in at various points along the route.
With the troops from out of the city came their families and other
excursionists, filled with patriotic desires to make the Tri-State Reunion
as much of a success as possible. Everybody seemed to take a special
interest in the occasion, and it was largely this that made the reunion
such an eminent success. The excursionists mingled with the residents, who
were out in force and crowded the sidewalks so that locomotion was a
rather formidable task unless the muddy streets were resorted to.
From eight to nine o'clock the scene on Market street from Twelfth to the
postoffice and in the Public Square were full of interest and life. This
was especially the case about the general headquarters, just below the
McLure House. There the street was packed full; there was a continual
reunion in progress for over two hours, and as each delegation from out of
the city arrived the enthusiasm increased until it had infected everyone.
The men cheered and sang; the drums rolled and marked the old-time step,
and the fife's shrill accompaniment was heard above all the noise. Bands
played patriotic airs; comrades who had not seen each other since the war
rushed into each other's arms and wept for very joy as they gazed in each
other's eyes and clasped hands once again.
Generals and colonels and majors on horses dashed about with martial
bearing, - good riders mostly, who had seen service too long to sit
uneasily in the saddle on such a playday as this. Horses, too, were full
of the spirit of the occasion; they were slick fellows, fattened at the
crib without compensatory service, but for all the world war horses; many
of the saddle stocks were worn and faded, the burnish of the gilt stars
somewhat dimmed, but all in condition for efficient service.
About nine o'clock the various G. A. R. posts, companies and regimental
organizations began falling into line and taking up their line of march
toward the rendezvous, the Public Square. While this was going on an
opportunity was afforded to inspect the crowds on the streets.
There were business men, professional men and laboring men; city, town and
country people; soldiers and civilians; young and old of both sexes;
children by the thousands, under foot and in every place they ought not to
be. Everybody was in good humor, with a kindly heart and good wishes for
the old veterans. Tiny flags were worn in button-holes by the hundreds of
spectators; the best of order prevailed, and the good humor that was
everywhere apparent was marked.
Shortly after ten o'clock the bugle sounded the advance and the column too
up the line of march. As the commands were given the old soldiers
straightened up and with the old, easy- swinging step moved along, happy
that they were once more able to join their comrades and renew the warm
friendships formed during the Rebellion. At the head of the column rode
Chief of Police Smith and 14 men of the force, two or three of them
veterans, all mounted. The police were in full dress and looked and rode
well. Colonel Curtis and his staff were next in line; they were all men
who had seen service in the saddle, and they looked handsome and brave as
their steeds pranced along. The "awkward squad," composed of the Tri-State
Reunion committees, were next in the line.
Following were the G.A.R. posts, company and regimental organizations, and
old soldiers from almost every state in the Union that contributed
soldiers to the Union Army; there were bands and drum corps that blew and
rattled out the music in a lively manner, - the Richmond, Ohio, cornet
band, the Gas City band of Wellsburg, the Union cornet band of Aetnaville,
and the famous Opera House band of this city. Junior Vice Commander B. N.
Linsey of the Department of Ohio, G.A.R., from Steubenville, was in
command of about 200 men from the various posts of Jefferson county. Capt.
D. S. Ball, of Canton, Ohio, commanded a squad of about 40 men,
representing 22 Ohio regiments.
The Bridgeport drum corps was at the head of a squad of 25 men from
Company F, Fiftieth Ohio, commanded by W. T. Steadman. Brannon Post, No.
221, of Bridgeport, under command of Lewis Skidmore, turned out 60 strong.
East Liverpool was well represented. It sent a drum corps of 10 pieces,
and General Lyon Post, No. 44, with its handsome little post cannon. There
were about 50 men in all, counting the men in charge of the post gun,
under the command of Fred G. Coxrall and J. N. Rose. Pierpont Post, of
Wellsburg, was in line, handsomely uniformed and very enthusiastic. This
post also had its post cannon and pulled it through the streets. The
cannon are made of shells from the Gettysburg field, are handsomely plated
and are complete in every particular. They were frequently fired at street
crossings, wherever the column was halted during the march and their
deafening reports always brought forth a cheer and the old cry of "Lie
down." The men were very proud of their pets and polished them and cared
for them in the tenderest manner.
Squire H. C. Peterman was in command of soldiers from Pennsylvania,
Maryland, Kentucky and California, about 75 altogether. There were in
round numbers 125 members of the old First West Virginia Cavalry, Third
Brigade, Custer's Division, in line, under command of Captain Grubb, an
old Ohio veteran. The cavalry was marshaled by Adjutant F. C. Robinson,
Capt. W. A. McCoy and Captain Seltzer. Nearly every man wore a red flannel
necktie and a conspicuous yellow badge.
Meade Post, No. 6, of Fairmont, Capt. J. W. Shrayer, had a number of that
town's leading citizens in line. J. W. Holliday Post, No. 12, of Wheeling,
W. J. Robb, commanding, followed Meade with 28 men in line, headed by
McGiven's drum corps. The Cameron drum corps was at the head of S. B.
Stiger Post, No. 35, of that place; Daniel Franklin commanded the 75 men
this post mustered; they carried a beautiful silk banner. F. W. Stephens
Post, No. 35, recently organized in South Wheeling, was out with its own
drum corps, 28 strong, commanded by Joseph Arkle. Hon. Josiah Sinclare was
at the head of 25 men from Hancock Post, No. 48, of Benwood.
Col. Henry B. Hubbard commanded the old First West Virginia Infantry;
there were about 80 survivors of the famous old regiment in line, and they
marched in fine form. Capt. S. Kraus commanded the 42 men of the Seventh
West Virginia Infantry that reported for duty, - they carried their old
battle flags and were manifestly proud of them. The Black Eagle drum corps
furnished the music for Battery D: (Carlin's), First West Virginia Light
Artillery; there were 53 of the battery in the column, commanded by
Lieutenant Harris. Then there were detachments from the posts at Mount
Pleasant, Barnesville and other points. Spangler Post, of Bellaire, and
Thoburn Post, both of Martin's Ferry, turned out in great shape. Drummond
Post, No. 202, of St. Clairsville, was mounted. There were 60 men under
command of Col. J. F. Charlesworth and all were mounted on white or gray
horses, - this post was one of the features of the parade.
Bringing up the rear were open carriages containing General Duvall, Capt.
John Carlin, West Virginia department commander G. A. R.; Captain B. B.
Dovener, treasurer; P. B. Dobbins, Mayor Grubb and Dr. T. H. Logan, W. E.
Hughes and Howard Hazlett, the executive committee; officers of the
Chamber of Commerce; Captain Hart, of Washington, Pennsylvania, hospital
steward of the First West Virginia Infantry; Gen. R. E. Fleming, of
Fairmount; Maj. T. Hudson McKee, of Washington, D. D.; Maj. Lee Haymond,
of Clarksburg; Surgeon Neale, of the Thirty-first Ohio; Sergeant McCauley;
D. W. Arend and John Shusler, of Pittsburg; Col. N. Wilkinson; the Women's
Relief Corps attached to Spangler Post, No. 133, of Bellaire, and a number
of others. McPherson Camp, No. 1, Sons of Veterans, another East Liverpool
organization, was also in line.
All along the route of the procession the decorations were profuse and the
cheering and enthusiasm incessant. Over 1,000 men were in line. By 12:30
o'clock all were on the Island, the Infantry crossing on the pontoon
bridge and the cavalry and carriages over the suspension bridge.
In getting into the Fair Grounds the rush was so great that a blockade at
the gates was with difficulty averted several times. The old "vets" had
grown hungry on their march and they broke for the dinner tables at once.
The Bellaire Relief Corps ladies hastened to the assistance of the 50 or
60 Wheeling ladies who, under the direction of comrades Waterman and
Busby, fed at least 5,000 people in three hours.
The dinner was the greatest success of all the reunion successes, and too
much praise and credit cannot be given to the able committee which
arranged for and served it. Not only were the soldiers fed, but their
wives and families were looked after. In fact, anybody that was hungry
could be satisfied for the asking.
The bill of fare consisted of baked beans, cold met, pickles, pickles,
bread and hard tack, pie and cheese, doughnuts, cakes and other good
things, and Joseph Speidel & Company's "Ohio Valley" coffee. Speidel gave
the coffee and made it; there were 11 barrels on tap to commence with, but
almost as muchmore had to be made to supply the demand. There was enough
of everything for everybody and plenty left after all had gone away. The
dinner pleased the men immensely and the liberality displayed in the
donating of such generous supplies was very gratifying.
In the afternoon the ladies rested from their work by singing a number of
war songs that drew people in large numbers and the dining hall was soon
packed with a chorus that could be heard for squared when some old
favorite like "Marching Through Georgia" was started. About one o'clock
Capt. J. N. Rose, commanding the squad in charge of General Lyon Post's
gun, from East Liverpool, fired a salute and soon after the speaking began
from a stand erected on the track in front of the grandstand. The
grandstand was filled to overflowing and the men stood on the track to the
number of several thousands.
Comrade Melvin Richards led the singing, the accompaniment being played by
Comrade Sheib. The exercises opened with the singing of "America," in
which nearly every one of the vast crowd joined. Captain Dovener then
introduced Commander Carlin, who offered a fervent and appropriate prayer.
Mayor J. W. Grubb was presented by General Duvall, and in a very few
words, which were sensible and to the point, extended the freedom of the
city and bade all a hearty welcome back to old Camp Carlisle. Dr. T. H.
Logan, president of the Chamber of Commerce, was brought forward on behalf
of that body and said:
"Veteran Soldiers: It affords me very great pleasure in behalf of the
Chamber of Commerce of Wheeling to second the remarks of his honor, the
mayor, and extend to you a cordial and heartfelt welcome.
"And to these words of wisdom we feel prompted to add our hearty
congratulations over the fact that so many of you have been spared to meet
together in this interesting reunion and to recount in the presence of
your wives, children and friends the thrilling incidents of your eventful
soldier life.
"We further congratulate you that you have been spared to witness with
your own eyes the wonderful and splendid results which have been achieved
for our beloved country, by the labors and sacrifices rendered by
yourselves and comrades.
"We congratulate you that you have exchanged the weapons of war for the
arts of peace; and that the one glorious flag of our country is honored,
not only by the allegiance, but by the sincere devotion of both the blue
and the gray.
"In conclusion permit me to emphasize, if possible, our words of welcome,
to extend our cordial greetings, and to wish you long life in which to
enjoy the blessings you have earned for yourselves and your children, and
to receive the honors with which a grateful country is glad to crown you."
Maj. T. H. McKee responded to these two welcomes in a speech of
considerable length, but which was full of interest. It was listened to
attentively and frequently the applause was such that the speaker was
obliged to stop and pause. His address abounded in political passages, was
well delivered and was one of the most appropriate speeches of the
occasion. At the conclusion of Major McKee's eloquent speech the crowd
sang heartily, "Shouting the Battle Cry of Freedom," the old soldiers
coming in heartily on the chorus.
Captain Dovener then said he was about to call on a man whose name was
familiar to every old soldier of three states and to every old soldier of
three states and to every person within sound of his voice, - Mr. A. W.
Campbell, former editor of the Wheeling Intelligencer. Mr. Campbell's name
was received with cheers. Mr. Campbell was called out from the crowd at
the rear of the speaker's stand and escorted to the front by General
Duvall, and after being presented by Captain Dovener to the audience
proceeded to remark that he was on this occasion what, in military
parlance, would be called a conscript. He had therefore no special speech
to make. The occasion was a speech of itself. It spoke to us of the
momentous days of the past, the stirring days of 1861, when the island
whereon they were gathered was a camp where there were sworn in the first
soldiers from the immediate border who had answered the call of the
president of the United States for volunteers to save the national capital
and beat back the wave of secession and rebellion that was threatening to
sweep over us.
"The historian of the future will have a subject worthy of his pen when he
comes to write of those days on this border. He will dwell on that phase
of the early conflict that in the opinion of the speaker reflected the
highest glory on the loyal people of West Virginia. West Virginia had not
voted for Abraham Lincoln in the presidential election pf 1860. The
Republican party in her borders was a mere handful. The people as a whole
were opposed to that party. All their partisan prejudices were against its
ascendancy in the government. But they did not mistake the nature of the
issue that was made in 1861. No appeal to their prejudices could disguise
the fact from their patriotic instincts that the issue had ceased to be of
a partisan character when the South, of which they were nominally a part,
had taken up arms to overthrow the government of their fathers. It was
then that they ceased to think of themselves as partisans and gave to the
world am exhibition of high and devoted loyalty that has never been
surpassed in our history. Who can say what might have been the ultimate
result of the great conflict had the people of this border thrown their
weight and influence into the opposing scale and made of this island
another Vicksburg to thwart the navigation of this river and hinder and
delay the operations of the government by land and water? Who can say what
difference it might have made had the 33,000 loyal troops of West Virginia
been enlisted on the other side? That was a time when it did not need a
great deal to turn the scale. It is not too much to say that the troops
raised on the borders of the slave states saved the Union. They
represented the sentiment within the border states that stayed and beat
back the rebellion, that enabled the government to get a foothold in the
enemy's country. We never can sufficiently honor the men along this
border, who saw their duty clear in the dark days of 1861, and it is
indeed well that we have these reunions of the heroic men who answered
their country's call in those days. These occasions are schools for young
who have since appeared on the stage of action. They here learn the story
of the war in an impressive way. They see their fathers and grandfathers
gathered here, carrying these flags and wearing the insignia of their
service, and they hear from familiar lips personal references to the
events that have now become matters of history. When I look upon these
veterans and remember that year by year these ranks must grow thinner, I
think of the welcome that was given by Daniel Webster to the veterans who
fifty years after the battle of Bunker Hill appeared once more on the
scene to witness the laying of the corner-stone of its now historic
monument. 'Venerable men,' said Webster, 'you have come down to us from
another generation. Your deeds made it possible for us to assemble here to-
day under the flag of our country and commemorate your sacrifices.' So I
say to these border veterans who are gathered here on this island to-day,
it was your loyalty, your heroism, your sacrifices that preserved this
flag that floats above us and made it still the emblem of an undivided
country. We owe it all to you, and therefore we extend to you to-day our
heartfelt greetings."
After the singing of "When Johnny Comes Marching Home," and the
announcement of the meeting there next year of the Society of the Army of
West Virginia by Captain Carlin, Captain Dovener read a letter from Gen.
B. F. Kelley, presenting his excuse for absence and expressing his regret,
but urging all the boys to meet in Wheeling next. The latter evoked
applause. Professor Crago read a fine poem, "The Last Reunion," in that
eloquent manner of which he is master. It aroused enthusiasm.
Col. George B. Caldwell was then introduced by Captain Dovener as "one of
the biggest soldiers in the army." Colonel Caldwell was greeted with
enthusiastic applause and cheers. He made a model reunion speech, short,
boiling over with enthusiasm, full of personal reminiscences, not without
graver feeling, and concluding with a peroration which was the most
eloquent thing heard from the stand during the afternoon. It was generally
voted the best speech made, and this verdict is just.
Hon. Lorenzo Danford, of St. Clairsville, a captain in the Fifteenth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, was then presented, and made an eloquent speech,
urging upon the old soldiers their duty to do all in their power to secure
pensions for comrades who were entitled to them. These sentiments ere
heartily indorsed. His eulogy of Lincoln was grand, and aroused the crowd
wonderfully. "Marching Through Georgia" was then sung and the crowd
dispersed, with three cheers for Mother Holliday, whom Captain Dovener
presented as a "mother in Israel, who gave four sons to the Union."
The Society of the First Virginia Volunteer Infantry met in the Opera
House in the evening, Gen. I. H. Duvall, president in the chair. S. F.
Dean was made temporary secretary. The minutes of the last meeting were
read and approved. It was moved that a vote of thanks be tendered to the
Wellsburg Brass Band for their services on this occasion. An executive
committee of five was named to have general management of the next
reunion, the committee being E. C. Irwin, S. F. Dean, C. J. Rawlings,
James A. Henry and William Gilchrist. A committee of three was also
appointed to formulate rules for the government of the society. The chair
appointed T. H. McKee, J. A. McCauly and Hon. Thayer Melvin. A general
advisory committee of four was appointed, consisting of Capt. G. M. White,
Hon. Thayer Melvin, Capt. Thomas Reed and W. A. Harp. It was moved by
Captain Robb that the next annual reunion be held on the first day of the
meeting of the Society of the Army of West Virginia, which was adopted, it
was agreed that as many of the members as are in the city attend the
funeral of Comrade Emery, of Company A, who died Wednesday (Note: John
Emery, 1st WV Inf.). A resolution was adopted that the thanks of this
society be tendered to Manager Forse for the use of the Opera House so
generously adopted by a standing vote: "Resolved, That the thanks of this
society in behalf of all our comrades be tendered to the ladies' committee
having in charge the entertainment of the veterans. All feel deeply our
indebtedness to them for their valuable aid in making this reunion a
success, and to the citizens and soldiers of Wheeling we desire to express
our obligations for another evidence of their hospitality furnished this
day. To Capt. William Price & Company our warmest thanks are returned for
free transit across the river by the pontoon bridge - a big-hearted
boatman's characteristic act."
The rest of the evening was spent in holding a regimental camp fire,
during which a number of interesting speeches were made, notably by Col.
Henry Hubbard, Hon. Thayer Melvin and a number of others. The boys
separated feeling that the reunion had been an entire success. Colonel
Hubbard's address was in the nature of an historical sketch, and it was so
interesting and valuable to the members of the regiment and their friends
that it is appended in full:
"Comrades and Fellow Soldiers: I will not say your call has taken me by
surprise, for a soldier to be surprised is to be disgraced. So
anticipating your call I have prepared from memory a short sketch of the
First West Virginia Infantry in the three months' service. In doing this
it may be well to review the anomalous condition in which the Union men of
the border slave states were placed at the commencement of the war. From
the standpoint of state sovereignty they were rebels, and as rebels beyond
a doubt would they have been treated and punished by fine, imprisonment,
confiscation or death had the South succeeded in disrupting the tie that
bound the Union together.
"Serious as the outlook was in this direction, it was backed by distrust
on the part of the government at Washington to such an extent that they
were refused arms with which to assist that government, or with which to
protect themselves. In support of this statement let me state a fact which
to many of you may be novel, - that is that the guns with which we were
armed were furnished by the governor of Massachusetts at the solicitation
of A. W. Campbell, S. H. Woodward, E. M. Norton and perhaps others. Such,
then, was the condition of the Union men of the border slave states, -
cursed as traitors by their state government, and viewed with suspicion by
the government at Washington. Such being the case, it is not to their
credit that there were men who could view unappalled the approach of the
storm which was to burst in fury on their heads, unsheltered as they were
by the general government, and cast out by the state to which they owed
allegiance, an allegiance they would have gladly paid in any other cause
than the rending of the bonds that bound the states together? The
trepidation, frown of uncertainty, which affected the boldest, was thrown
to the winds when the government proclaimed she would recognize the Union
men of the coder slave states, give them arms and commission the officers.
But the First Virginia was formed before this, when all was darkness and
uncertainty, when no one knew who was to be depended on save God and the
right.
"Previous to this, however, a number of companies have been formed here
and known as the Home Guards. Some of these were made up of men beyond the
period of active service, who when called on to enter the service of the
United States, had to decline, while others were composed of younger men,
who volunteered to a man. Well do I remember the casting about for arms
for these same Home Guards, and the heterogeneousness of their
equipment, - old flint-lock muskets which had seen service in the
Revolution, if not in Queen Anne's time, horse pistols, squirrel rifles,
and shot guns, many of which were mire to be dreaded at the breech than at
the muzzle. It was from the ranks of these Home Guards that a large
portion of the regiment was recruited.
"The roll of the captains as they stood on the roster, was: Andrew H.
Britt, Company A; Edward W. Stevens, Company B; Isaac N. Fordyce, Company
C; Montford S. Stokley, Company D; George C. Trimble, Company E; James
Connolly, Company F; James F. Kuhn, Company G; Thos. C. Park, Company H;
_.[may be Bazzalleel] W. Chapman, Company I; George W. Robinson, Company
K. The lack of military knowledge was so great amongst us that it made the
selection of a colonel one of the greatest difficulty, as no home resident
was known who had ever more than shouldered a broom stick a a militiaman;
but it was solved by sending for B. F. Kelley, then of Philadelphia, a man
who, in bygone times, had directed the movements of the cornstalk and
broomhandle brigades at the militia musters on the commons, which then
girted our city.
"How happy the selection, none here need to be told, but history will tell
to the generations yet to come, scarcely had the regiment been mustered,
when the enemy, who had made a lodgment on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
at Grafton, sent a detachment to burn the bridges at this end of the road.
No sooner was this known than the order to march was given and this at a
time when not a single thing saved muskets and ammunition had been issued.
Not a tent, blanket, haversack, canteen, or cooking utensil, not even a
cartridge box in which to carry their ammunition.
"Taking the cars here, they moved to the burnt bridges, and from there
taking the advance, supported by the gallant fellows from Ohio and
Indiana, moved toward Grafton, from which point the enemy fell back at
their approach to Phillipi. From Grafton a move to Phillipi was made,
which, though successful, was at the cost of a serious wound to the
Colonel, which was so severe that it retired him from active service for
the remainder of his term of enlistment. This being among the first
successful moves against the enemy, it received, as it deserved, no little
applause. Called by the suffrage of the officers in an election held at
Philippi, where five companies of the regiment were encamped at the time,
to the honorable position of lieutenant-colonel. I joined them at that
place, and will not soon forget my first night in camp.
"Arriving after night I found quarters with Lieutenant McNeely in the tent
he had borrowed from the Seventh Indiana, but before the introductions
were fairly through a storm of wind and rain came on that gave us work for
most of the night to keep our tents from being carried bodily away. The
wind was so violent that it blew down large trees in camp, fortunately
without injury to any of the command. Along toward morning, while lying
down, I heard the orderly that was stationed in front of the tent
challenge, and soon heard an inquiry for the Colonel. I at once went to
the opening in the tent and inquired what was wanted, and was gravely
informed by the party that he had recruited a company which he wished
inspected and mustered into service, and that the company was paraded in
the rear of the tent.
"Partly realizing the condition of the men from what I had learned from
Lieutenant McNeely, I thought it best to humor the man, and so accompanied
him. On turning the rear of the tent I found a company of 16 men drawn up
in line, each with a flour barrel over his head, and reclining against a
stump was a 'paddy' placarded with the intelligence that he had been
drowned in the storm. After complimenting the officer on the fine
appearance of his men, and assuring him they would be mustered, I advised
him to dismiss them to their quarters, when I was politely informed they
carried their quarters with them. Here were men who had been for six weeks
without shelter, and for three weeks without anyone to look after them,
the major being sick, the colonel wounded, the lieutenant-colonel not
having reported for duty after being commissioned.
"This you will remember was before years of service had inured them to
hardships, and was aggravated by the fact that they were surrounded by
troops from Ohio and Indiana who were fairly burdened with the amount of
their outfit, many of them having been furnished with overcoats as for a
winter campaign. After breakfast I ordered a parade of the battalion for
inspection, and I hope you will consider it no disgrace to my manhood,
when I tell you tears nearly choked my utterance when I saw the condition
they were in. Lying out in the weather for weeks, they were 'soiled doves'
and no mistake, besides which many were shoeless, hatless, shirtless, and
one poor fellow really breechless, and to hide his nakedness had to wrap
himself up in part of an old quilt!
"The night's rain, with their previous exposure, had produced no small
degree of mutiny, and from all parts of the camp previous to parade could
be heard the cry of 'Camp Carlisle,' 'Camp Carlisle,' for which,
sympathizing as I did with them, I could hardly blame them. However, I
counseled them to commit no overt act until I could see what could be done
by seeing General Morris, at Grafton, when if nothing could be