Travels of Captaine John Smith Volume I - Pages 85-114



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THE THIRD BOOKE.

The Proceedings
And Accidents of The English Colony in Virginia, Extracted from the 
Authors following, by William Simons, Doctour of Divinitie.

Chapter I.

1606. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer.

IT might well be thought, a Countrie so faire (as Virginia is) and a 
people so tractable, would long ere this have beene quietly possessed, to 
the satisfaction of the adventurers, & the eternizing of the memory of 
those that effected it. But because all the world doe see a defailement; 
this following Treatise shall give satisfaction to all indifferent 
Readers, how the businesse hath bin carried: where no doubt they will 
easily understand and answer to their question, how it came to passe there 
was no better speed and successe in those proceedings.

The first mover of the action.

Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll, one of the first movers of this plantation, 
having many yeares solicited many of his friends, but found small 
assistants; at last prevailed with some Gentlemen, as Captaine John Smith, 
Mr. Edward-maria Wingfield, Mr. Robert Hunt, and divers others, who 
depended a yeare upon his projects, but

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nothing could be effected, till by their great charge and industrie, it 
came to be apprehended by certaine of the Nobilitie, Gentry, and 
Marchants, so that his Majestie by his letters patents, gave commission 
for establishing Councels, to direct here; and to governe, and to execute 
there. To effect this, was spent another yeare, and by that, three ships 
were provided, one of 100 Tuns, another of 40. and a Pinnace of 20. The 
transportation of the company was committed to Captaine Christopher 
Newport, a Marriner well practised for the Westerne parts of America. But 
their orders for government were put in a box, not to be opened, nor the 
governours knowne untill they arrived in Virginia.

Orders for government.

On the 19 of December, 1606. we set sayle from Blackwall, but by 
unprosperous winds, were kept six weekes in the sight of England; all 
which time, Mr. Hunt our Preacher, was so weake and sicke, that few 
expected his recovery. Yet although he were but twentie myles from his 
habitation (the time we were in the Downes) and notwithstanding the stormy 
weather, nor the scandalous imputations (of some few, little better then 
Atheists, of the greatest ranke amongst us) suggested against him, all 
this could never force from him so much as a seeming desire to leave the 
busines, but preferred the service of God, in so good a voyage, before any 
affection to contest his godlesse foes, whose disasterous designes (could 
they have prevailed) had even then overthrowne the businesse, so many 
discontents did then arise, had he not with the water of patience, and his 
godly exhortations (but chiefly by his true devoted examples) quenched 
those flames of envie, and dissention.

We watered at the Canaries, we traded with the Salvages at Dominica; three 
weekes we spent in refreshing our selves amongst these west-India Isles; 
in Gwardalupa we found a bath so hot, as in it we boyled Porck as well as 
over the fire. And at a little Isle called Monica, we tooke from the 
bushes with our hands, neare two hogsheads full of Birds in three or foure 
houres. In Mevis,

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Mona, and the Virgin Isles, we spent some time, where, with a lothsome 
beast like a Crocodil, called a Gwayn, Tortoises, Pellicans, Parrots, and 
fishes, we daily feasted. Gone from thence in search of Virginia, the 
company was not a little discomforted, seeing the Marriners had 3 dayes 
passed their reckoning and found no land, so that Captaine Ratliffe 
(Captaine of the Pinnace) rather desired to beare up the helme to returne 
for England, then make further search. But God the guider of all good 
actions, forcing them by an extreame storme to hull all night, did drive 
them by his providence to their desired Port, beyond all their 
expectations, for never any of them had seene that coast. The first land 
they made they called Cape Henry; where thirtie of them recreating 
themselves on shore, were assaulted by five Salvages, who hurt two of the 
English very dangerously. That night was the box opened, and the orders 
read, in which Bartholomew Gosnoll, John Smith, Edward Wingfield, 
Christopher Newport, John Ratliffe, John Martin, and George Kendall, were 
named to be the Councell, and to choose a President amongst them for a 
yeare, who with the Councell should governe. Matters of moment were to be 
examined by a Jury, but determined by the major part of the Councell, in 
which the President had two voyces. Untill the 13 of May they sought a 
place to plant in, then the Councell was sworne, Mr. Wingfield was chosen 
President, and an Oration made, why Captaine Smith was not admitted of the 
Councell as the rest.

Matters of government

Now falleth every man to worke, the Councell contrive the Fort, the rest 
cut downe trees to make place to pitch their Tents; some provide clapbord 
to relade the ships, some make gardens, some nets, &c. The Salvages often 
visited us kindly. The Presidents overweening jealousie would admit no 
exercise at armes, or fortification, but the boughs of trees cast together 
in the forme of a halfe moone by the extraordinary paines and diligence of
Captaine Kendall, Newport, Smith, and twentie others, were sent to 
discover the head of the river: by divers

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small habitations they passed, in six dayes they arrived at a Towne called 
Powhatan, consisting of some twelve houses, pleasantly seated on a hill; 
before it three fertile Isles, about it many of their cornefields, the 
place is very pleasant, and strong by nature, of this place the Prince is 
called Powhatan, and his people Powhatans, to this place the river is 
navigable: but higher within a myle, by reason of the Rockes and Isles, 
there is not passage for a small Boat, this they call the Falles, the 
people in all parts kindly intreated them, till being returned within 
twentie myles of James towne, they gave just cause of jealousie, but had 
God not blessed the discoverers otherwise then those at the Fort, there 
had then beene an end of that plantation; for at the Fort, where they 
arrived the next day, they found 17 men hurt, and a boy slaine by the 
Salvages, and had it not chanced a crosse barre shot from the Ships 
strooke down a bough from a tree amongst them, that caused them to retire, 
our men had all beene slaine, being securely all at worke, and their armes 
in dry fats.

The Fort assaulted by the Salvages.

Hereupon the President was contented the Fort should be pallisadoed, the 
Ordnance mounted, his men armed and exercised, for many were the assaults, 
and ambuscadoes of the Salvages, & our men by their disorderly stragling 
were often hurt, when the Salvages by the nimblenesse of their heeles well 
escaped. What toyle we had, with so small a power to guard our workemen 
adayes, watch all night, resist our enemies, and effect our businesse, to 
relade the ships, cut downe trees, and prepare the ground to plant our 
Corne, &c, I referre to the Readers consideration. Six weekes beine spent 
in this manner, Captaine Newport (who was hired onely for our 
transportation) was to returne with the ships. Now Captaine Smith, who all 
this time from their departure from the Canaries was restrained as a 
prisoner upon the scandalous suggestions of some of the chiefe (envying 
his repute) who fained he intended to usurpe the government, murther the 
Councell, and make himselfe King,

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that his confederats were dispersed in all the three ships, and that 
divers of his confederats that revealed it, would affirme it, for this he 
was committed as a prisoner: thirteene weekes he remained thus suspected, 
and by that time the ships should returne they pretended out of their 
commisserations, to referre him to the Councell in England to receive a 
check, rather then by particulating his designes make him so odious to the 
world, as to touch his life, or utterly overthrow his reputation. But he 
so much scorned their charitie, and publikely defied the uttermost of 
their crueltie, he wisely prevented their policies, though he could not 
suppresse their envies, yet so well he demeaned himselfe in this 
businesse, as all the company did see his innocency, and his adversaries 
malice, and those suborned to accuse him, accused his accusers of 
subornation; many untruthes were alledged against him; but being so 
apparently disproved, begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the company 
against such unjust Commanders, that the President was adjudged to give 
him 200l. so that all he had was seized upon, in part of satisfaction, 
which Smith presently returned to the Store for the generall use of the 
Colony. Many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant 
(yet ambitious) spirits; but the good Doctrine and exhortation of our 
Preacher Mr. Hunt reconciled them, and caused Captaine Smith to be 
admitted of the Councell; the next day all received the Communion, the day 
following the Salvages voluntarily desired peace, and Captaine Newport 
returned for England with newes; leaving in Virginia 100. the 15 of June 
1607.

Captain Newports returne for England.

By this observe;
Good men did ne'r their Countries ruine bring.
But when evill men shall injuries beginne;
Not caring to corrupt and violate
The judgements-seats for their owne Lucr's sakes
Then looke that Country cannot long have peace,
Though for the present it have rest and ease.

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1607. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer.

The names of them that were the first Planters, were these following.

Councel. 
Mr. Edward Maria Wingfield. 
Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll. 
Captaine John Smith. 
Captaine John Ratliffe. 
Captaine John Martin. 
Captaine George Kendall.

Gent. 
Mr. Robert Hunt Preacher. 
Mr. George Percie. 
Anthony Gosnoll. 
George Flower. 
Cap. Gabriell Archer. 
Robert Fenton. 
Robert Ford. 
William Bruster. 
Edward Harrington. 
Dru Pickhouse. 
Thomas Jacob. 
John Brookes. 
Ellis Kingston. 
Thomas Sands. 
Benjamin Beast. 
Jehu Robinson. 
Thomas Mouton. 
Eustace Clovill. 
Stephen Halthrop. 
Kellam Throgmorton. 
Edward Morish. 
Nathaniell Powell. 
Edward Browne. 
Robert Behethland. 
John Penington. 
Jeremy Alicock. 
George Walker. 
Thomas Studley. 
Richard Crofts. 
Nicholas Houlgrave. 
Thomas Webbe. 
John Waller. 
John Short. 
William Tankard. 
William Smethes. 
Francis Snarsbrough. 
Richard Simons. 
Edward Brookes. 
Richard Dixon. 
John Martin. 
Roger Cooke. 
Anthony Gosnold. 
Tho: Wotton, Chirurg. 
John Stevenson. 
Thomas Gore. 
Henry Adling. 
Francis Midwinter. 
Richard Frith.

Carpenters. 
Edward Pising. 
Thomas Emry. 
William Laxon. 
Robert Small.

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Labourers. 
John Laydon. 
William Cassen. 
George Cassen. 
Thomas Cassen. 
William Rodes. 
William White. 
Jam: Read, Blacksmith. 
Jonas Profit, Sailer. 
Tho: Cowper, Barber. 
Will: Garret, Bricklayer. 
Samuell Collier, boy. 
Nat. Pecock, boy. 
Old Edward. 
Henry Tavin. 
George Goulding. 
John Dods. 
William Johnson. 
William Unger. 
Edward Brinto, Mason. 
William Love, Taylor. 
Nic: Scot, Drum. 
Wil: Wilkinson, Chirurg. 
James Brumfield, boy. 
Richard Mutton, boy.
With divers others to the number of 100.



Chap. II.
What happened till the first supply.

The occasion of sicknesse.

Being thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned that within ten dayes scarce 
ten amongst us could either goe, or well stand, such extreame weaknes and 
sicknes oppressed us. And thereat none need marvaile, if they consider the 
cause and reason, which was this; whilest the ships stayed, our allowance 
was somewhat bettered, by a daily proportion of Bisket, which the sailers 
would pilfer to sell, give, or exchange with us, for money, Saxefras, 
furres, or love. But when they departed, there remained neither taverne, 
beere house, nor place of reliefe, but the common Kettell. Had we beene as 
free from all sinnes as gluttony, and drunkennesse, we might have beene 
canonized for Saints; But our President would never have beene admitted, 
for ingrossing to his private, Oatmeale, Sacke, Oyle, Aquavitæ,

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Beefe, Egges, or what not, but the Kettell; that indeed he allowed equally 
to be distributed, and that was halfe a pint of wheat, and as much barley 
boyled with water for a man a day, and this having fryed some 26. weekes 
in the ships hold, contained as many wormes as graines; so that we might 
truely call it rather so much bran then corne, our drinke was water, our 
lodgings Castles in the ayre: with this lodging and dyet, our extreame 
toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes, so strained and bruised us, and 
our continuall labour in the extremitie of the heat had so weakned us, as 
were cause sufficient to have made us as miserable in our native Countrey, 
or any other place in the world. From May, to September, those that 
escaped, lived upon Sturgeon, and Sea-crabs, fiftie in this time we 
buried, the rest seeing the Presidents projects to escape these miseries 
in our Pinnace by flight (who all this time had neither felt want nor 
sicknes) so moved our dead spirits, as we deposed him; and established 
Ratcliffe in his place, (Gosnoll being, dead) Kendall deposed, Smith newly 
recovered, Martin and Ratcliffe was by his care preserved and relieved, 
and the most of the souldiers recovered, with the skilfull diligence of 
Mr. Thomas Wotton our Chirurgian generall. But now was all our provision 
spent, the Sturgeon gone, all helps abandoned, each houre expecting the 
fury of the Salvages; when God the patron of all good indevours, in that 
desperate extremitie so changed the hearts of the Salvages, that they 
brought such plenty of their fruits, and provision, as no man wanted.

A bad President. Plentie unexpected.

And now where some affirmed it was ill done of the Councell to send forth 
men so badly provided, this incontradictable reason will shew them 
plainely they are too ill advised to nourish such ill conceits; first, the 
fault of our going was our owne, what could be thought fitting or 
necessary we had, but what we should find, or want, or where we should be, 
we were all ignorant, and supposing to make our passage in two moneths, 
with victuall to live, and the advantage of the spring to worke; we

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were at Sea five moneths, where we both spent our victuall and lost the 
opportunitie of the time, and season to plant, by the unskilfull 
presumption of our ignorant transporters, that understood not at all, what 
they undertooke.

Such actions have ever since the worlds beginning beene subject to such 
accidents, and every thing of worth is found full of difficulties, but 
nothing so difficult as to establish a Common wealth so farre remote from 
men and meanes, and where mens mindes are so untoward as neither doe well 
themselves, nor suffer others. But to proceed.

The building of James Towne.

The new President and Martin, being little beloved, of weake judgement in 
dangers, and lesse industrie in peace, committed the managing of all 
things abroad to Captaine Smith: who by his owne example, good words, and 
faire promises, set some to mow, others to binde thatch, some to build 
houses, others to thatch them, himselfe alwayes bearing the greatest taske 
for his owne share, so that in short time, he provided most of them 
lodgings, neglecting any for himselfe. This done, seeing the Salvages 
superfluitie beginne to decrease (with some of his workemen) shipped 
himselfe in the Shallop to search the Country for trade. The want of the 
language, knowledge to mannage his boat without sailes, the want of a 
sufficient power, (knowing the multitude of the Salvages) apparell for his 
men, and other necessaries, were infinite impediments, yet no 
discouragement. Being but six or seaven in company he went downe the river 
to Kecoughtan, where at first they scorned him, as a famished man, and 
would in derision offer him a handfull of Corne, a peece of bread, for 
their swords and muskets, and such like proportions also for their 
apparell. But seeing by trade and courtesie there was nothing, to be had, 
he made bold to try such conclusions as necessitie inforced, though 
contrary to his Commission: Let fly his muskets, ran his boat on shore, 
whereat they all fled into the woods. So marching towards their houses, 
they might see great heapes of corne: much adoe he had to restraine his 
hungry souldiers from present taking of it, expecting as it hapned

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that the Salvages would assault them, as not long after they did with a 
most hydeous noyse. Sixtie or seaventie of them, some blacke, some red, 
some white, some party-coloured, came in a square order, singing and 
dauncing out of the woods, with their Okee (which was an Idoll made of 
skinnes, stuffed with mosse, all painted and hung with chaines and copper) 
borne before them: and in this manner being well armed, with Clubs, 
Targets, Bowes and Arrowes, they charged the English, that so kindly 
received them with their muskets loaden with Pistoll shot, that downe fell 
their God, and divers lay sprauling on the ground; the rest fled againe to 
the woods, and ere long sent one of their Quiyoughkasoucks to offer peace, 
and redeeme their Okee. Smith told them, if onely six of them would come 
unarmed and loade his boat, he would not only be their friend, but restore 
them their Okee, and give them Beads, Copper, and Hatchets besides: which 
on both sides was to their contents performed: and then they brought him 
Venison, Turkies, wild foule, bread, and what they had, singing and 
dauncing in signe of friendship till they departed. In his returne he 
discovered the Towne and Country of Warraskoyack.

Thus God unboundlesse by his power,
Made them thus kind, would us devour.

Amoris, a Salvage his best friend slaine for loving us. The Discovery of 
Chickahamine.

Smith perceiving (notwithstanding their late miserie) not any regarded but 
from hand to mouth (the company being well recovered) caused the Pinnace 
to be provided with things fitting to get provision for the yeare 
following; but in the interim he made 3. or 4. journies and discovered the 
people of Chickahamania: yet what he carefully provided the rest 
carelessly spent. Wingfield and Kendall living in disgrace, seeing all 
things at randome in the absence of Smith, the companies dislike of their 
Presidents weaknes, and their small love to Martins never mending sicknes, 
strengthened themselves with the sailers, and other confederates to 
regaine their former credit and authority, or at least such meanes abord 
the Pinnace,

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(being fitted to saile as Smith had appointed for trade) to alter her 
course and to goe for England. Smith unexpectedly returning had the plot 
discovered to him, much trouble he had to prevent it, till with store of 
sakre and musket shot he forced them stay or sinke in the river, which 
action cost the life of captaine Kendall. These brawles are so 
disgustfull, as some will say they were better forgotten, yet all men of 
good judgement will conclude, at were better their basenes should be 
manifest to the world, then the busines beare the scorne and shame of 
their excused disorders. The President and captaine Archer not long after 
intended also to have abandoned the country, which project also was 
curbed, and suppressed by Smith. The Spaniard never more greedily desired 
gold then he victuall, nor his souldiers more to abandon the Country, then 
he to keepe it. But finding plentie of Corne in the river of Chickahamania 
where hundreds of Salvages in divers places stood with baskets expecting 
his comming. And now the winter approaching, the rivers became so covered 
with swans, geese, duckes, and cranes, that we daily feasted with good 
bread, Virginia pease, pumpions, and putchamins, fish, fowle, and diverse 
sorts of wild beasts as far as we could eate them: so that none of our 
Tuftaffaty humorists desired to goe for England. But our Comædies never 
endured long without a Tragedie; some idle exceptions being muttered 
against Captaine Smith, for not discovering the head of Chickahamania 
river, and taxed by the Councell, to be too slow in so worthy an attempt. 
The next voyage hee proceeded so farre that with much labour by cutting of 
trees in sunder he made his passage, but when his Barge could passe no 
farther, he left her in a broad bay out of danger of shot, commanding none 
should goe a shore till his returne: himselfe with two English and two 
Salvages went up higher in a Canowe, but hee was not long absent, but his 
men went a shore, whose want of government, gave both occasion and 
opportunity to the Salvages to surprise one George Cassen, whom they slew, 
and much failed

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not to have cut of the boat and all the rest. Smith little dreaming of 
that accident, being got to the marshes at the rivers head, twentie myles 
in the desert, had his(*) two men shine (as is supposed) sleeping by the 
Canowe, whilst himselfe by fowling sought them victuall, who finding he 
was beset with 200. Salvages, two of them bee slew, still defending 
himselfe with the ayd of a Salvage his guid, whom he bound to his arme 
with his garters, and used him as a buckler, yet he was shot in his thigh 
a little, and had many arrowes that stucke in his cloathes but no great 
hurt, till at last they tooke him prisoner. When this newes came to James 
towne, much was their sorrow for his losse, fewe expecting what ensued. 
Sixe or seven weekes those Barbarians kept him prisoner, many strange 
triumphes and conjurations they made of him, yet hee so demeaned himselfe 
amongst them, as he not onely diverted them from surprising the Fort, but 
procured his owne libertie, and got himselfe and his company such 
estimation amongst them, that those Salvages admired him more then their 
owne Quiyouckosucks. The manner how they used and delivered him, is as 
followeth.

Captaine Smith taken prisoner.

The Salvages having drawne from George Cassen whether Captaine Smith was 
gone, prosecuting that opportunity they followed him with 300. bowmen, 
conducted by the King of Pamaunkee, who in divisions searching the 
turnings of the river, found Robinson and Emry by the fire side, those 
they shot full of arrowes and slew. Then finding the Captaine, as is said, 
that used the Salvage that was his guide as his shield (three of them 
being shine and divers other so gauld) all the rest would not come neere 
him. Thinking thus to have returned to his boat, regarding them, as he 
marched, more then his way, slipped up to the middle in an oasie creeke & 
his Salvage with him, yet durst they not come to him till being neere dead 
with cold, he threw away his armes. Then according to their composition 
they drew him forth and led him to the fire, where his men were slaine. 
Diligently they chafed his benummed limbs. He demanding

(* Jehu Robinson and Thomas Emry slaine.)

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for their Captaine, they shewed him Opechankanough, King of Pamaunkee, to 
whom he gave a round Ivory double compass Dyall. Much they marvailed at 
the playing of the Fly and Needle, which they could see so plainely, and 
yet not touch it, because of the glasse that covered them. But when he 
demonstrated by that Globe-like Jewell, the roundnesse of the earth, and 
skies, the spheare of the Sunne, Moone, and Starres, and how the Sunne did 
chase the night round about the world continually; the greatnesse of the 
Land and Sea, the diversitie of Nations, varietie of complexions, and how 
we were to them Antipodes, and many other such like matters, they all 
stood as amazed with admiration. Notwithstanding, within an houre after 
they tyed him to a tree, and as many as could stand about him prepared to 
shoot him, but the King holding up the Compass in his hand, they all laid 
downe their Bowes and Arrowes, and in a triumphant manner led him to 
Orapaks, where he was after their manner kindly feasted, and well used.

The order they observed in their triumph.

Their order in conducting him was thus; Drawing themselves all in fyle, 
the King in the middest had all their Peeces and Swords borne before him. 
Captaine Smith was led after him by three great Salvages, holding him fast 
by each arme: and on each side six went in fyle with their Arrowes nocked. 
But arriving at the Towne (which was but onely thirtie or fortie hunting 
houses made of Mats, which they remove as they please, as we our tents) 
all the women and children staring to behold him, the souldiers first all 
in fyle performed the forme of a Bissom so well as could be, and on each 
flanke, officers as Serjeants to see them keepe their orders. A good time 
they continued this exercise, and then cast themselves in a ring, dauncing 
in such severall Postures, and singing and yelling out such hellish notes 
and screeches; being strangely painted, every one his quiver of Arrowes, 
and at his backe a club; on his arme a Fox or an Otters skinne, or some 
such matter for his vambrace; their heads and shoulders painted red, with 
Oyle and Pocones mingled

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together, which Scarlet-like colour made an exceeding handsome shew; his 
Bow in his hand, and the skinne of a Bird with her wings abroad dryed, 
tyed on his head, a peece of copper, a white shell, a long feather, with a 
small rattle growing at the tayles of their snaks tyed to it, or some such 
like toy. All this while Smith and the King stood in the middest guarded, 
as before is said, and after three dances they all departed. Smith they 
conducted to a long house, where thirtie or fortie tall fellowes did guard 
him, and ere long more bread and venison was brought him then would have 
served twentie men, I thinke his stomacke at that time was not very good; 
what he left they put in baskets and tyed over his head. About midnight 
they set the meate againe before him, all this time not one of them would 
eate a bit with him, till the next morning they brought him as much more, 
and then did they eate all the old, & reserved the new as they had done 
the other, which made him thinke they would fat him to eat him. Yet in 
this desperate estate to defend him from the cold, one Maocassater brought 
him his gowne, in requitall of some beads and toyes Smith had given him at 
his first arrivall in Virginia.

How he should have beene slaine at Orapacks.

Two dayes after a man would have slaine him (but that the guard prevented 
it) for the death of his sonne, to whom they conducted him to recover the 
poore man then breathing his last. Smith told them that at James towne he 
had a water would doe it, if they would let him fetch it, but they would 
not permit that; but made all the preparations they could to assault James 
towne, craving his advice, and for recompence he should have life, 
libertie, land, and women. In part of a Table booke he writ his minde to 
them at the Fort, what was intended, how they should follow that direction 
to affright the messengers, and without fayle send him such things as he 
writ for. And an Inventory with them. The difficultie and danger, he told 
the Salvages, of the Mines, great-gunnes, and other Engins exceedingly 
affrighted them, yet according

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to his request they went to James towne, in as bitter weather as could be 
of frost and snow, and within three dayes returned with an answer.

How he saved James towne from being surprised.

But when they came to Jame towne, seeing men sally out as he had told them 
they would, they fled; yet in the night they came againe to the same place 
where he had told them they should receive an answer, and such things as 
he had promised them, which they found accordingly, and with which they 
returned with no small expedition, to the wonder of them all that heard 
it, that he could either divine, or the paper could speake: then they led 
him to the Youthtanunds, the Mattapanients, the Payankatanks, the 
Nantaughtacunds, and Onawmanients upon the rivers of Raphanock, and 
Patawomek, over all those rivers, and backe againe by divers other 
severall Nations, to the Kings habitation at Pamaunkee, where they 
entertained him with most strange and fearefulle Conjurations;
As if neare led to hell,
Amongst the Devils to dwell.

How they did Conjure him at Pamaunkee.

Not long after, early in a morning a great fire was made in a long house, 
and a mat spread on the one side, as on the other; on the one they caused 
him to sit, and all the guard went out of the house, and presently came 
skipping in a great grim fellow, all painted over with coale, mingled with 
oyle; and many Snakes and Wesels skins stuffed with mosse, and all their 
tayles tyed together, so as they met on the crowne of his head in a 
tassell; and round about the tassell was as a Coronet of feathers, the 
skins hanging round about his head, backe, and shoulders, and in a manner 
covered his face; with a hellish voyce and a rattle in his hand. With most 
strange gestures and passions he began his invocation, and environed the 
fire with a circle of meale; which done, three more such like devils came 
rushing in with the like antique tricks, painted halfe blacke, halfe red: 
but all their eyes were painted white, and some red stroakes like

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Mutchato's, along their cheekes: round about him those fiends daunced a 
pretty while, and then came in three more as ugly as the rest; with red 
eyes, and white stroakes over their blacke faces, at last they all sat 
downe right against him; three of them on the one hand of the chiefe 
Priest, and three on the other. Then all with their rattles began a song, 
which ended, the chiefe Priest layd downe five wheat cornes: then 
strayning his armes and hands with such violence that he sweat, and his 
veynes swelled, he began a short Oration: at the conclusion they all gave 
a short groane; and then layd down three graines more. After that, began 
their song againe, and then another Oration, ever laying downe so many 
cornes as before, till they had twice incirculed the fire; that done, they 
tooke a bunch of little stickes prepared for that purpose, continuing 
still their devotion, and at the end of every song and Oration, they layd 
downe a sticke betwixt the divisions of Corne. Till night, neither he nor 
they did either eate or drinke, and then they feasted merrily, with the 
best provisions they could make. Three dayes they used this Ceremony; the 
meaning whereof they told him, was to know if he intended them well or no. 
The circle of meale signified their Country, the circles of corne the 
bounds of the Sea, and the stickes his Country. They imagined the world to 
be flat and round, like a trencher, and they in the middest. After this 
they brought him a bagge of gunpowder, which they carefully preserved till 
the next spring, to plant as they did their corne; because they would be 
acquainted with the nature of that seede.

Opitchapam the Kings brother invited him to his house, where, with as many 
platters of bread, foule, and wild beasts, as did environ him, he bid him 
wellcome; but not any of them would eate a bit with him, but put up all 
the remainder in Baskets. At his returne to Opechancanoughs, all the Kings 
women, and their children, flocked about him for their parts, as a due by 
Custome, to be merry with such fragments.

Page 101

But his waking mind in hydeous dreames did oft see wondrous shapes,
Of bodies strange, and huge in growth, and of stupendious makes.

How Powhatan entertained him.

At last they brought him to Meronocomo, where was Powhatan their Emperor. 
Here more then two hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him, 
as he had beene a monster; till Powhatan and his trayne had put themselves 
in their greatest braveries. Before a fire upon a seat like a bedsted, he 
sat covered with a great robe, made of Rarowcun skinnes, and all the 
tayles hanging by. On either hand did sit a young wench of 16 or 18 
yeares, and along on each side the house, two rowes of men, and behind 
them as many women, with all their heads and shoulders painted red; many 
of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds; but every one with 
something: and a great chayne of white beads about their necks. At his 
entrance before the King, all the people gave a great shout. The Queene of 
Appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another 
brought him a bunch of feathers, in stead of a Towell to dry them: having 
feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long 
consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were 
brought before Powhatan: then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged 
him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, 
to beate out his braines, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no 
intreaty could prevaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne upon 
his to save him from death: whereat the Emperour was contented he should 
live to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper; for they 
thought him aswell of all occupations as themselves. For the King himselfe 
will make his owne robes, shooes, bowes, arrowes, pots; plant, hunt, or 
doe any thing so well as the rest.

How Pocahontas saved his life.

They say he bore a pleasant shew,
But sure his heart was sad.

Page 102

For who can pleasant be, and rest,
That lives in feare and dread:
And having life suspected, doth
It still suspected lead.

How Powhatan sent him to James Towne.

Two dayes after, Powhatan having disguised himselfe in the most fearefull 
manner he could, caused Capt. Smith to be brought forth to a great house 
in the woods, and there upon a mat by the fire to be left alone. Not long 
after from behinde a mat that divided the house, was made the most 
dolefullest noyse he ever heard; then Powhatan more like a devill then a 
man with some two hundred more as blacke as himselfe, came unto him and 
told him now they were friends, and presently he should goe to James 
towne, to send him two great gunnes, and a gryndstone, for which he would 
give him the Country of Capahowosick, and for ever esteeme him as his 
sonne Nantaquoud. So to James towne with 12 guides Powhatan sent him. That 
night they quarterd in the woods, he still expecting (as he had done all 
this long time of his imprisonment) every houre to be put to one death or 
other: for all their feasting. But almightie God (by his divine 
providence) had mollified the hearts of those sterne Barbarians with 
compassion. The next morning betimes they came to the Fort, where Smith 
having used the Salvages with what kindnesse he could, he shewed Rawhunt, 
Powhatans trusty servant two demi-Culverings & a millstone to carry 
Powhatan: they found them somewhat too heavie; but when they did see him 
discharge them, being loaded with stones, among the boughs of a great tree 
loaded with Isickles, the yce and branches came so tumbling downe, that 
the poore Salvages ran away halfe dead with feare. But at last we regained 
some conference with them, and gave them such toyes; and sent to Powhatan, 
his women, and children such presents, as gave them in generall full 
content. Now in James Towne they were all in combustion, the strongest 
preparing once more to run away with the Pinnace; which

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with the hazzard of his life, with Sakre falcon and musket shot, Smith 
forced now the third time to stay or sinke. Some no better then they 
should be, had plotted with the President, the next day to have put him to 
death by the Leviticall law, for the lives of Robinson and Emry, 
pretending the fault was his that had led them to their ends: but he 
quickly tooke such order with such Lawyers, that he layd them by the 
heeles till he sent some of them prisoners for England. Now ever once in 
foure or five dayes, Pocahontas with her attendants, brought him so much 
provision, that saved many of their lives, that els for all this had 
starved with hunger.

Thus from numbe death our good God sent reliefe,
The sweete asswager of all other griefe.

A true proofe of Gods love to the action.

His relation of the plenty he had seene, especially at Werawocomoco, and 
of the state and bountie of Powhatan, (which till that time was unknowne) 
so revived their dead spirits (especially the love of Pocahontas) as all 
mens feare was abandoned. Thus you may see what difficulties still crossed 
any good indevour: and the good successe of the businesse being thus oft 
brought to the very period of destruction; yet you see by what strange 
means God hath still delivered it. As for the insufficiency of them 
admitted in Commission, that error could not be prevented by the Electors; 
there being no other choise, and all strangers to each others education, 
qualities, or disposition. And if any deeme it a shame to our Nation to 
have any mention made of those inormities, let them peruse the Histories 
of the Spanyards Discoveries and Plantations, where they may see how many 
mutinies, disorders, and dissentions have accompanied them, and crossed 
their attempts: which being knowne to be particular mens offences; doth 
take away the generall scorne and contempt, which malice, presumption, 
covetousnesse, or ignorance might produce; to the scandall and reproach of 
those, whose actions and valiant resolutions deserve a more worthy respect.

Page 104

Of two evils the lesse was chosen.

Now whether it had beene better for Captaine Smith, to have concluded with 
any of those severall projects, to have abandoned the Countrey, with some 
ten or twelve of them, who were called the better sort, and have left Mr. 
Hunt our Preacher, Master Anthony Gosnoll, a most honest, worthy, and 
industrious Gentleman, Master Thomas Wotton, and some 27 others of his 
Countrymen to the fury of the Salvages, famine, and all manner of 
mischiefes, and inconveniences, (for they were but fortie in all to keepe 
possession of this large Country;) or starve himselfe with them for 
company, for want of lodging: or but adventuring abroad to make them 
provision, or by his opposition to preserve the action, and save all their 
lives; I leave to the censure of all honest men to consider. But
We men imagine in our Jolitie,
That 'tis all one, or good or bad to be.
But then anone wee alter this againe,
If happily wee feele the sence of paine;
For then we're turn'd into a mourning vaine.

Written by Thomas Studley, the first Cape Merchant in Virginia, Robert 
Fenton, Edward Harrington, and J. S.



Chap. III.
The Arrivall of the first supply, with their Proceedings, and the Ships
returne.

ALL this time our care was not so much to abandon the Countrey; but the 
Treasurer and Councell in England, were as diligent & carefull to supply 
us. Two good ships they sent us, with neare a hundred men, well furnished 
with all things could be imagined necessary, both for them and us; The one 
commanded by Captaine Newport: the other by Captaine Francis Nelson, an

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honest man, and an expert Marriner. But such was the lewardnesse of his 
Ship (that though he was within the sight of Cape Henry) by stormy 
contrary winds was he forced so farre to Sea, that the West Indies was the 
next land, for the repaire of his Masts, and reliefe of wood and water. 
But Newport got in and arrived at James Towne, not long after the 
redemption of Captaine Smith. To whom the Salvages, as is sayd, every 
other day repaired, with such provisions that sufficiently did serve them 
from hand to mouth: part alwayes they brought him as Presents from their 
Kings, or Pocahontas; the rest he as their Market Clarke set the price 
himselfe, how they should sell: so he had inchanted these poore soules 
being their prisoner; and now Newport, whom he called his Father arriving, 
neare as directly as he foretold, they esteemed him as an Oracle, and had 
them at that submission he might command them what he listed. That God 
that created all things they knew he adored for his God: they would also 
in their discourses tearme the God of Captaine Smith.

Their opinion of our God.
Thus the Almightie was the bringer on,
The guide, path, terme, all which was God alone.

But the President and Councell so much envied his estimation among the 
Salvages, (though we all in generall equally participated with him of the 
good thereof,) that they wrought it into the Salvages understandings (by 
their great bounty in giving foure times more for their commodities then 
Smith appointed) that their greatnesse and authoritie as much exceeded 
his, as their bountie and liberalitie. Now the arrivall of this first 
supply so overjoyed us, that wee could not devise too much to please the 
Marriners. We gave them libertie to trucke or trade at their pleasures. 
But in a short time it followed, that could not be had for a pound of 
Copper, which before was sould us for an ounce: thus ambition and 
sufferance cut the throat of our trade, but confirmed their opinion of the 
greatnesse of Capt. Newport, (wherewith Smith

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had possessed Powhatan) especially by the great presents Newport often 
sent him, before he could prepare the Pinnace to goe and visit him: so 
that this great Savage desired also to see him. A great coyle there was to 
set him forward. When he went he was accompanied with Captaine Smith, & 
Mr. Scrivener, a very wise understanding Gentleman, newly arrived and 
admitted of the Councell, with thirtie or fortie chosen men for their 
guard. Arriving at Werowocomoco, Newports conceit of this great Savage 
bred many doubts and suspitions of trecheries, which Smith to make appeare 
was needlesse, with twentie men well appointed, undertooke to encounter 
the worst that could happen: Knowing
All is but one, and selfe-same hand, that thus
Both one while scourgeth, and that helpeth us.

Gent. 
Nathaniell Powell, 
Robert Behethland. 
Michell Phittiplace. 
William Phittiplace. 
Anthony Gosnoll. 
Richard Wyffin. 
John Taverner. 
William Dyer. 
Thomas Coe. 
Thomas Hope. 
Anas Todkill.

These, with nine others (whose names I have forgotten) comming a-shore, 
landed amongst a many of creekes, over which they were to passe such poore 
bridges, onely made of a few cratches, thrust in the ose, and three or 
foure poles laid on them, and at the end of them the like, tyed together 
onely with barkes of trees, that it made them much suspect those bridges 
were but traps. Which caused Smith to make diverse Salvages goe over 
first, keeping some of the chiefe as hostage till halfe his men were 
passed, to make a guard for himselfe and the rest. But finding all things 
well, by two or three hundred Salvages they were kindly conducted to their 
towne. Where Powhatan strained himselfe to the utmost of his greatnesse to 
entertaine them, with great shouts of joy,

Page 107

Orations of protestations; and with the most plenty of victualls he could 
provide to feast them. Sitting upon his bed of mats, his pillow of leather 
imbrodered (after their rude manner with pearle and white Beads) his 
attyre a faire robe of skinnes as large as an Irish mantell: at his head 
and feete a handsome young woman: on each side his house sat twentie of 
his Concubines, their heads and shoulders painted red, with a great chaine 
of white beads about each of their neckes. Before those sat his chiefest 
men in like order in his arbour-like house, and more then fortie platters 
of fine bread stood as a guard in two fyles on each side the doore. Foure 
or five hundred people made a guard behinde them for our passage; and 
Proclamation was made, none upon paine of death to presume to doe us any 
wrong or discourtesie. With many pretty Discourses to renew their old 
acquaintance, this great King and our Captaine spent the time, till the 
ebbe left our Barge aground. Then renewing their feasts with feates, 
dauncing and singing, and such like mirth, we quartered that night with 
Powhatan. The next day Newport came a shore and received as much content 
as those people could give him: a boy named Thomas Salvage was then given 
unto Powhatan, whom Newport called his sonne; for whom Powhatan gave him 
Namontack his trustie servant, and one of a shrewd, subtill capacitie. 
Three or foure dayes more we spent in feasting, dauncing, and trading, 
wherein Powhatan carried himselfe so proudly, yet discreetly (in his 
salvage manner) as made us all admire his naturall gifts, considering his 
education. As scorning to trade as his subjects did; he bespake Newport in 
this manner.

The exchange of a Christian for a Salvage. Powhatans speech.

Captaine Newport it is not agreeable to my greatnesse, in this pedling 
manner to trade for trifles; and I esteeme you also a great Werowance. 
Therefore lay me downe all your commodities together; what I like I will 
take, and in recompence give you what I thinke fitting their value. 
Captaine Smith being our interpreter, regarding Newport as his father, 
knowing best the disposition of

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Powhatan, tould us his intent was but onely to cheate us; yet Captaine 
Newport thinking to out brave this Salvage in ostentation of greatnesse, 
and so to bewitch him with his bountie, as to have what he listed, it so 
hapned, that Powhatan having his desire, valued his corne at such a rate, 
that I thinke it better cheape in Spaine: for we had not foure bushells 
for that we expected to have twentie hogsheads. This bred some unkindnesse 
betweene our two Captaines; Newport seeking to please the unsatiable 
desire of the Salvage, Smith to cause the Salvage to please him; but 
smothering his distast to avoyd the Salvages suspition, glanced in the 
eyes of Powhatan many trifles, who fixed his humor upon a few blew beades. 
A long time he importunately desired them, but Smith seemed so much the 
more to affect them, as being composed of a most rare substance of the 
coulour of the skyes, and not to be worne but by the greatest kings in the 
world. This made him halfe madde to be the owner of such strange Jewells: 
so that ere we departed, for a pound or two of blew beades, he brought 
over my king for 2. or 300. Bushells of corne; yet parted good friends. 
The like entertainment we found of Opechankanough king of Pamaunkee, whom 
also he in like manner fitted (at the like rates) with blew beads, which 
grew by this meanes, of that estimation, that none durst weare any of them 
but their great kings, their wives and children. And so we returned all 
well to James towne, where this new supply being lodged with the rest, 
accidentally fired their quarters and so the towne, which being but 
thatched with reeds, the fire was so fierce as it burnt their Pallisado's, 
(though eight or ten yards distant) with their Armes, bedding, apparell, 
and much private provision. Good Master Hunt our Preacher lost all his 
Library and all he had but the cloathes on his backe: yet none never heard 
him repine at his losse. This happned in the winter in that extreame 
frost, 1607. Now though we had victuall sufficient I meane onely of 
Oatmeale, meale and corne, yet the Ship staying

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14. weekes when shee might as wel have beene gone in 14. dayes, spent a 
great part of that, and neare all the rest that was sent to be landed. 
When they departed what there discretion could spare us, to make a little 
poore meale or two, we called feastes, to relish our mouthes: of each 
somwhat they left us, yet I must confesse, those that had either money, 
spare clothes credit to give billes of paiment, gold rings, furrs, or any 
such commodities, were ever welcome to this removing taverne, such was our 
patience to obay such vile Commanders, and buy our owne provisions at 15 
times the value, suffering them feast (we bearing the charge) yet must not 
repine, but fast, least we should incurre the censure of factious and 
seditious persons: and then leakage, shiprats, and other casuallties 
occasioned them losse, but the vessels and remnants (for totals) we were 
glad to receave with all our hearts to make up the account, highly 
commending their providence for preserving that, least they should 
discourage any more to come to us. Now for all this plenty our ordynary 
was but meale and water, so that this great charge little releeved our 
wants, whereby with the extremitie of the bitter cold frost and those 
defects, more then halfe of us dyed; I cannot deny but both Smith and 
Skrivener did their best to amend what was amisse, but with the President 
went the major part, that there hornes were to short. But the worst was 
our guilded refiners with their golden promises made all men their slaves 
in hope of recompences; there was no talke, no hope, no worke, but dig 
gold, wash gold, refine gold, loade gold, such a bruit of gold, that one 
mad fellow desired to be buried in the sands least they should by there 
art make gold of his bones: little neede there was and lesse reason, the 
ship should stay, there wages run on, our victualls consume 14. weekes, 
that the Mariners might say, they did helpe to build such a golden Church 
that we can say the raine washed neere to nothing in 14. dayes. Were it 
that captaine Smith would not applaude all those golden inventions, 
because they admitted him

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not to the sight of their trialls nor golden consultations, I know not; 
but I have heard him oft question with Captaine Martin & tell him, except 
he could shew him a more substantiall triall, he was not inamoured with 
their durty skill, breathing out these and many other passions, never any 
thing did more torment him, then to see all necessary busines neglected, 
to fraught such a drunken ship with so much guilded durt. Till then we 
never accounted, Captaine Newport a refiner, who being ready to set saile 
for England, & we not having any use of Parliaments, Plaies, Petitions, 
Admiralls, Recorders, Interpreters, Chronologers, Courts of Plea, nor 
Justices of peace, sent Master Wingfield and Captaine Archer home with 
him, that had ingrossed all those titles, to seeke some better place of 
imployment.

A returne to England.

Oh cursed gold those, hunger-starved movers,
To what misfortunes lead'st thou all those lovers!
For all the China wealth, nor Indies can
Suffice the minde of an av'ritious man.



Chap. IIII.
The Arrivall of the Phoenix; her returne; and other Accidents.

The authoritie now consisting in Captaine Martin, and the still sickly 
President, the sale of the Stores commodities maintained his estate, as an 
inheritable revenew. The spring approaching, and the Ship departing, Mr. 
Scrivener and Captaine Smith devided betwixt them the rebuilding James 
towne; the repairing our Pallizadoes; the cutting downe trees; preparing 
our fields; planting our corne, and to rebuild our Church, and recover our 
Store house. All men thus busie at their severall labours, Master Nelson 
arrived with his lost Phoenix; lost (I say) for that we all deemed him 
lost.

Page 111

Landing safely all his men, (so well he had mannaged his ill hap,) causing 
the Indian Isles to feede his company, that his victuall to that we had 
gotten, as is said before, was neare after our allowance sufficient for 
halfe a yeare. He had not any thing but he freely imparted it, which 
honest dealing (being a Marriner) caused us admire him: we would not have 
wished more then he did for us. Now to relade this ship with some good 
tydings, the President (not holding it stood with the dignitie of his 
place to leave the Fort) gave order to Captaine Smith to discover and 
search the commodities of the Monacans Countrey beyond the Falls. Sixtie 
able men was allotted them, the which within six dayes, Smith had so well 
trained to their armes and orders, that they little feared with whom they 
should incounter: yet so unseasonable was the time, and so opposit was 
Captaine Martin to any thing, but onely to fraught this ship also with his 
phantasticall gold, as Captaine Smith rather desired to relade her with 
Cedar, (which was a present dispatch) then either with durt, or the hopes 
and reports of an uncertaine discovery, which he would performe when they 
had lesse charge and more leisure.

Sixtie appointed to discover the Monacans.

But, The God of Heav'n, He eas'ly can
Immortalize a mortall man,
With glory and with fame.
The same God, ev'n as eas'ly may
Afflict a mortall man, I say,
With sorrow and with shame.

Whilst the conclusion was a resolving, this hapned.

An ill example to sell swords to Salvages.

Powhatan (to expresse his love to Newport) when he departed, presented him 
with twentie Turkies, conditionally to returne him twentie swords, which 
immediately was sent him; now after his departure he presented Captaine 
Smith with the like luggage, but not finding his humor obeyed in not 
sending such weapons as he desired, he caused his people with twentie 
devices to obtaine them. At last by ambuscadoes at our very Ports

Page 112

they would take them perforce, surprise us at worke, or any way; which was 
so long permitted, they became so insolent there was no rule; the command 
from England was so strait not to offend them, as our authoritie-bearers 
(keeping their houses) would rather be any thing then peace-breakers. This 
charitable humor prevailed, till well it chanced they medled with Captaine 
Smith, who without farther deliberation gave them such an incounter, as 
some he so hunted up and downe the Isle, some he so terrified with 
whipping, beating, and imprisonment, as for revenge they surprised two of 
our forraging disorderly souldiers, and having assembled their forces, 
boldly threatned at our Ports to force Smith to redeliver seven Salvages, 
which for their villanies he detained prisoners, or we were all but dead 
men. But to try their furies he sallied out amongst them, and in lesse 
then an houre, he so hampred their insolencies, they brought them his two 
men, desiring peace without any further composition for their prisoners. 
Those he examined, and caused them all beleeve, by severall vollies of 
shot one of their companions was shot to death, because they would not 
confesse their intents and plotters of those villanies. And thus they all 
agreed in one point, they were directed onely by Powhatan to obtaine him 
our weapons, to cut our owne throats, with the manner where, how, and 
when, which we plainly found most true and apparant: yet he sent his 
messengers, and his dearest daughter Pocahontas with presents to excuse 
him of the injuries done by some rash untoward Captaines his subjects, 
desiring their liberties for this time, with the assurance of his love for 
ever. After Smith had given the prisoners what correction he thought fit, 
used them well a day or two after, & then delivered them Pocahontas, for 
whose sake onely he fayned to have saved their lives, and gave them 
libertie. The patient Councell that nothing would move to warre with the 
Salvages, would gladly have wrangled with Captaine Smith for his crueltie, 
yet none was slaine to any mans knowledge, but it brought them in such 
feare

Page 113

and obedience, as his very name would sufficiently affright them; where 
before, wee had sometime peace and warre twice in a day, and very seldome 
a weeke, but we had some trecherous villany or other.

A ship fraught with Cedar.

The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar, by the diligence of 
the Master, and Captaine Smith, she was quickly reladed: Master Scrivener 
was neither idle nor slow to follow all things at the Fort; the Ship being 
ready to set sayle, Captaine Martin being alwayes very sickly, and 
unserviceable, and desirous to injoy the credit of his supposed Art of 
finding the golden Mine, was most willingly admitted to returne for 
England. For
He hath not fill'd his lapp,
That still doth hold it oap.

From the writings of Thomas Studley, and Anas Todkill.


1608. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer.
Their Names that were landed in this Supply.

Mathew Scrivener appointed to be one of the Councell.

Gent. 
Michaell Phittiplace. 
William Phittiplace. 
Ralph Morton. 
Richard Wyffing. 
John Taverner. 
William Cantrell. 
Robert Barnes. 
Richard Fetherstone. 
George Hill. 
George Pretty. 
Nathaniell Causy. 
Peter Pory. 
Robert Cutler. 
Michaell Sicklemore. 
William Bentley. 
Thomas Coe. 
Doctor Russell. 
Jeffrey Abbot. 
Edward Gurgana. 
Richard Worley. 
Timothy Leeds. 
Richard Killingbeck. 
William Spence. 
Richard Prodger. 
Richard Pots. 
Richard Mullinax. 
William Bayley. 
Francis Perkins. 
John Harper. 
George Forest. 
John Nichols. 
William Grivell.

Page 114

Labourers. 
Raymond Goodison. 
William Simons.
John Spearman. 
Richard Bristow. 
William Perce. 
James Watkins. 
John Bouth. 
Christopher Rods. 
Richard Burket. 
James Burre. 
Nicholas Ven. 
Francis Perkins. 
Richard Gradon. 
Rawland Nelstrop. 
Richard Savage. 
Thomas Savage. 
Richard Milmer. 
William May. 
Vere. 
Michaell. 
Bishop Wiles.

Taylers. 
Thomas Hope. 
William Ward. 
John Powell. 
William Yong. 
William Beckwith. 
Larence Towtales.

Apothecaries. 
Thomas Field. 
Dani: Stallings, Jeweller. 
Will: Dawson, a refiner. 
Abram Ransack, a refiner. 
Wil: Johnson, a Goldsmith. 
Peter Keffer, a gunsmith. 
Rob: Alberton, a perfumer. 
John Harford. 
Richard Belfield, a Goldsmith. 
Post Ginnat, a Chirurg. 
John Lewes, a Cooper. 
Robert Cotton, a Tobacco pipe-maker. 
Richard Dole, a Blacksmith.
And divers others to the number of 120.