Chronicles of Baltimore - Part 19



Page 620 continued

1862. The Fourth Presbyterian Church, situated on the corner of Carey and 
Fayette streets, was dedicated on Sunday, February

Page 621

16th, in the presence of a large congregation. The services were conducted 
by Rev. Jacob A. Lefevre, Rev. Dr. Backus, Rev. J. T. Smith, and Rev. Dr. 
Dickson.

On Monday night, February 17th, several policemen specially employed by 
the provost-marshal, arrested Colonel Samuel S. Mills and Mr. Thomas S. 
Piggott, one a proprietor and the other the principal editor of the 
"South" newspaper. They were placed in close confinement at Fort McHenry; 
and a few days afterward the police also arrested John Mills, the 
publisher of The South.

On Friday, March 7th, private Joseph H. Kuhns, of the Second Maryland 
regiment, was hung within the works of Fort McHenry by order of General 
McClellan, for the wilful murder of Lieutenant David E. Whitson, on the 
10th of December previous.

On the 27th of March, the Maryland brigade U. S. A. was designated the 
First Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps.

On Thursday night, August 14th, Deputy-Marshal Lyons, with Sergeant Pryor 
and a posse of policemen, entered the establishment of the Maryland News 
Sheet, and after a parley of a half hour arrested Wm. H. Carpenter, Esq., 
one of the editors, and sent him to Fort McHenry. The paper was suppressed 
and the office taken charge of by the police authorities, in pursuance of 
orders from Major-General Wool.

An act was passed by the General Assembly on the 13th of February, "That 
Henry Tyson, John W. Walker, William Chesnut, John W. Randolph, Conrad S. 
Grove, Jonathan Brock, and Albert W. Markley, and others their associates, 
assignees of all the rights, powers and privileges granted to William H. 
Travers, William S. Browning, William D. Goey, Robert Cathcart, and Joshua 
B. Sumwalt, and their associates and assignees, by an ordinance of the 
Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, approved on or about the twenty-
eighth of March, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, be, and they are hereby, 
incorporated by the name and style of the Baltimore City Passenger Railway 
Company."

On the 6th of March the General Assembly passed an act "relating to crimes 
and punishments, by defining treason, and providing for the punishment of 
treason and other kindred offences;" and on the 5th of March an act was 
passed appropriating the sum of seven thousand dollars, for the relief of 
the families of those belonging to the Sixth Regiment of Massachusetts 
volunteers who were killed or disabled by wounds received in the riot of 
the 19th of April in baltimore, 1861. The committee to whom was referred 
the distribution of the money given by the State for the relict of the 
families of those who were killed or wounded in the riot, made the 
following award:

No. 1--Samuel H. Needham, of Company I, killed, eight hundred dollars, to 
be placed in the hands of W. H. P. Wright and George P. Wilson, of 
Lawrence, in trust for the support of the deceased   $800 00
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No. 2--Addison O. Whitney, of Company D, killed, six hundred dollars, to 
be paid to his father, John F. Whitney, of Waldo, Maine   600 00 
" 3--Luther C. Ladd, killed, three hundred dollars, to be paid to the 
father of the deceased, John Ladd, of Alexandria, New Hampshire   300 00 
" 4--John E. Ames, wounded severely   1,200 00 
" 5--Edward Coburn, Company D, wounded severely   750 00 
" 6--Daniel B. Tyler, Company D, wounded   750 00 
" 7--Captain John H Dike, Company L, wounded   500 00 
" 8--Charles L Gill, Company L, wounded   450 00 
" 9--James Keenan, Company L, wounded   350 00 
"10--William H. Lawson, Company D, wounded   300 00 
"11--Charles H. Chandler, Company D, wounded   400 00 
"12--Michael Green, Company F, to be paid to his mother   100 00 
"13--Victor Gingrass, Company I   100 00 
"14--Alonzo Joy, Company I   100 00 
"15--George W. Levering, Company D   50 00 
"16--Daniel C. Stevens, Company G   50 00 
"17--Gorham Reid, Company A   50 00 
"18--John F. Sweet, Company A   50 00 
"19--Charles B. Stinson, Company G   50 00 
"20--Andrew Robbins, Company L   50 00 
Total   $7,000 00

Messrs. Hindes & Wood, who were appointed by the Legislature, with the 
Mayor, the new board of police commissioners, were Sworn into office 
before Mr. Geo. E. Sangston, the clerk of the Superior Court, on the 7th 
of March, and entered upon the discharge of the duties on Monday the 10th.

On Sunday, the 25th of May, when the news of Gen. Banks' retreat, and the 
rumor of Col. Kenly's death at Front Royal, Virginia, reached Baltimore, 
crowds of excited people were permitted by the police to assemble about 
the news-offices and to obstruct the streets. Among these crowds were 
persons of all descriptions and of every shade of opinion -- unionists and 
secessionists, loyal and disloyal, those who deplored and those who 
exulted over the slaughter of our gallant Maryland "First." In a number of 
instances secessionists expressed their satisfaction at Col. Kenly's 
supposed death; they were knocked down. But personal violence was not 
confined to cases like these. Persons who said nothing, but who were 
supposed, and in many cases most unjustly supposed, to be disloyal, were 
assailed and beaten. One gentleman who was driving a carriage up Baltimore 
street was said to be a secessionist; he was taken out of the vehicle, and 
would have been severely beaten but for the exertions of the police, who 
protected him. Mr. Bolivar D. Danels was attacked and dealt several blows 
about the head; he was rescued from the mob by the police, and taken to 
the office of the police commissioners, followed by a crowd of five or six 
hundred men, who cried out "hang him! hang him!" and two in the crowd drew 
out ropes from their pockets intent upon the execution, but the strong 
detachment of police succeeded, with

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great difficulty, in his protection. For three or four hours after nine 
o'clock the crowd continued to increase until Baltimore street was filled 
with excited men. Occasionally a secessionist would be seen, when he would 
either be chased away, or beaten if caught. The Independent Methodist 
Episcopal Church South, who held their meetings at the Assembly Rooms, 
were advised to suspend their services and retire, as the members were 
threatened by an attack upon them when they should leave the building. The 
suggestion was accepted, and they retired as privately as possible; the 
usual afternoon and evening services were dispensed with. Among those who 
were injured during the day we find Messrs. Robert Morrow, Thomas J. 
Warrington, Mr. Passano, James Knox, Thomas W. Gorman, and others. Shortly 
after 5 o'clock Samuel Hindes, one of the police commissioners, mounted a 
box near the corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets, and made a spirited 
address to the crowd, urging those composing it to pay respect to the law 
by quietly dispersing to their homes, which had the desired effect. During 
the day General Dix sent for Marshal Van Nostrand, and asked if his force 
was sufficient to preserve the peace of the city, and received an answer 
in the affirmative. He assured the Marshal that such proceedings should 
not be tolerated in his department, and that if necessary he would call 
out the military. On Monday and Tuesday there were other outbreaks and 
disturbances. Houses supposed, or said, to be occupied by the disloyal 
were broken into and entered, and plundered by persons claiming to be 
unionists. On Monday afternoon an attack was made on five of the shops and 
buildings of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad corporation, near the Mount 
Clare depot, by a large party of disorderly persons, who claimed to be 
Union men, among whom were several-custom-house officers, who beat and 
wounded seven unoffending workmen, whom they accused -- in most cases, if 
not all, most untruly--of being secessionists. On Tuesday the same gang 
renewed their attack and wounded two other workmen. The police took no 
notice of these outrages, but Gen. Dix, as soon as they were made known to 
him, arrested the ringleaders, which act created a vast amount of 
excitement amongst the passionate class of Union men. On Monday the crowd 
which had gathered on Baltimore street, near the American office, 
constituted themselves into a committee on flag displays, and proceeded to 
the office of the Maryland News Sheet, with a demand for the display of 
the stars and stripes from that building. There was no person found in the 
office but a boy, who expressed his willingness to display the flag, but 
stated that none of the proprietors were in at the time, and that he could 
not find a flag. They then proceeded to the Maryland Institute with a view 
of compelling those in the building to display the flag. They then 
proceeded to the establishment of Mr. John H. Weaver, and to the Holliday 
street theatre, where a flag was soon stretched across the street. The 
march

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was then past the room of the police commissioners, who appeared on the 
front steps of the building and counselled the leaders of the crowd to 
disperse, and not to commit any breaches of the peace. The crowd without 
stopping continued on to the establishments of Messrs. Egerton & Keys, 
Magraw & Koons, and the Maryland Club House, where similar demands were 
made, but no persons could be found on the premises. The crowd then went 
to the Sun office with a similar demand, the policemen following, and, as 
at the News Sheet office, preventing any damage being done; the demand was 
promptly complied with. The crowd then proceeded to the Republican office, 
where, in compliance with their demand, a small national flag was 
displayed from the third story window. The office of the German 
Correspondent was then visited, but the proprietors stated that they were 
about to display their flag, when the crowd proceeded to Messrs. 
Weisenfield & Co's, corner of Centre Market Space, where a small flag was 
displayed from the awning post. On retraining, the crowd went again to the 
Correspondent office, where a portion of a flag, showing the stripes, was 
hanging from an upper window, but this was not satisfactory to the crowd, 
who required that the entire flag, with the stars, should be exposed to 
view. This being accomplished, they made another bolt at the News Sheet 
office, but the police succeeded in preventing them from entering, the 
establishment being entirely closed up. They then returned to the 
Republican office and made the proprietors there run out a pole with a 
larger flag. Among those who were unjustifiably maltreated by small crowds 
of men, were Mr. Frick, General C. C. Egerton, Messrs. Win. L. Montague, 
John E. Morgan, James Hammond, John H. Ing, Thomas Bean, -- Thompson, -- 
Bennett, Lewis Wagner, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Upton, and others.

On the first of June, General John A. Dix was transferred from his command 
of the Middle Department in Baltimore, to Fortress Monroe, and was 
succeeded by General John E, Wool, who arrived in Baltimore on the 18th.

On the 30th of June, Mr. C. C. Fulton, one of the proprietors and editors 
of the Baltimore American, and Agent of the Associated Press, was arrested 
by order of the Secretary of War and committed to Fort McHenry, for 
transmitting the following dispatch to the Associated Press in New York:

Baltimore American Office,
Baltimore, Sunday, June 29th [9 P. M.]

I am writing for the American a detailed account of events at White House, 
before Richmond, and on the Peninsula, during the last four days, 
including facts obtained from Washington, having been sent for by special 
train to communicate with the President. If you desire it I will send it 
to you. It will make four or five thousand words. We have the grandest 
military triumph over the enemy, and Richmond must fall.

C. C. Fulton.

Page 625

Previous to leaving the city for the fort, Mr. Fulton addressed the 
following dispatch to President Lincoln:

To the President of the United States:

Sir:--I find myself under arrest and on my way to Fort McHenry. I appeal 
to you for a hearing and prompt release, in behalf of my family, who will 
be in great distress at the execution of this inexplicable order. The 
Secretary of War authorized me to publish my statement.

Respectfully,
C. C. Fulton.

To this the following reply was received.

Washington, June 30th, 1862.

To C. C. Fulton, Fort McHenry:

I am authorized to say to you that your arrest was not made for publishing 
the statement, but upon your statement that you were preparing a detailed 
account, including facts obtained from Washington, having been sent by 
special train to communicate with the President. This is regarded by the 
President and the War Department as a flagrant and outrageous violation of 
the confidence with which you were treated. The publication of facts 
obtained from Washington under such circumstances is a high military crime.

Respectfully,
E. S. Sanford, Military Superintendent.

To the dispatch from Colonel Sanford Mr. Fulton replied as follows:

"Col. Sanford--Sir:--The dispatch I sent to New York was a private one, 
addressed to Mr. Craig, for his information as to whether he desired to 
receive the report I was preparing for the press. It was not intended for 
publication, and would not have been published if my report had been 
permitted to go through by telegraph. I never dreamed of its being 
published. To find myself in Fort McHenry, the depot for traitors, is a 
mortification I cannot express. Having risked both life and property in 
defending the Union cause when our city was in the possession of traitors, 
and rendered services as editor and proprietor of the Baltimore American 
to the Government in sustaining the laws which no one has excelled, I ask, 
in common justice, that I should at least be released on my parole.

Respectfully yours,
Chas. C. Fulton.

By an order from the authorities at Washington, Mr. Fulton, on Tuesday 
night, July 1st, was unconditionally released.

At a late hour of night, June 29th, the utmost consternation was caused by 
the ringing of alarm bells generally throughout the city. The impression 
readily prevailed that the Confederate troops were indeed marching upon 
the city, and the streets were soon

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thronged with anxious inquirers after the cause of alarm. It seems that 
the authorities received information of the approach of the "Rebels," 
supposed to be in large force, from the direction of Westminster, and it 
was currently reported and believed that fighting had taken place at so 
near a point to the city as Reisterstown. Under these exciting 
circumstances it was thought a measure of safety to sound an alarm and 
call the Union Leagues and loyal citizens together, so that arms could be 
placed in their hands to meet the invaders. The streets were lively with 
processions of armed men, and the work of barricading the approaches to 
the city was pushed with great vigor. One of the features of the 
excitement was the rapid retreat down Baltimore street of several city 
passenger railroad cars of the various lines, supposed to have been caused 
by a desire to remove to some place of safety should an attack actually 
take place. At the request of Gen. Schenck, Commodore Dornin placed in 
position two gun-boats at the foot of Broadway, and one at the Long 
Bridge, over the Ferry Bar road. Major-General Schenck the day following 
issued a proclamation declaring martial law in Baltimore and the western 
shore counties of Maryland.

The community was startled and pained on the morning of the 8th of July, 
by the sad intelligence of the sudden death of Archbishop Francis Patrick 
Kenrick, of the Catholic Church. His council had assembled in the 
Cathedral at the usual hour (6 o'clock) for the purpose of solemnizing 
mass, and the bishop not making his appearance at the regular time, fears 
were entertained that he might be ill. Upon proceeding to his bed chamber, 
he was found in his bed, clasped in the cold embrace of death. Dr. Donovan 
and two other physicians were immediately summoned, who gave as their 
opinion that his death was caused by apoplexy. The bishop was a man of 
remarkable literary abilities, he having translated the Bible and written 
many religious works of sterling merit. He was one of the most profoundly 
learned men in America.

At a large public meeting, held on Monday the 28th of July, in Monument 
square, and at which Governor Bradford presided, a resolution was adopted 
requesting the President to "instruct the General in command of this 
Military Department to require all male citizens above the age of eighteen 
to come forward" and take an oath to "maintain the national sovereignty 
paramount to that of all State, county, or corporate powers," and to 
"discourage, discountenance, and forever oppose secession, rebellion, and 
the disintegration of the Federal Union." Those who should retiree to take 
the oath which it was thus proposed to tender them, and which was to bind 
every man to "forever" oppose what was already an accomplished fact, were, 
if the President had endorsed the resolution, to be banished from their 
homes. The proposition brought forth no public remonstrance from any 
portion of the "Union" party. On the contrary, the First Branch of the City

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Council adopted a resolution, a few days afterwards, requesting General 
Wool "to administer such an oath to all the citizens of the City of 
Baltimore at the earliest possible period." General Wool rejected this 
advice, "for the reason," as he said, that it would, at a critical moment, 
"send twenty thousand" men to swell the army of Jefferson Davis."

On the 25th of July the following members of the Second Branch City 
Council resigned their positions in that body, according to the suggestion 
of Major-General John E. Wool: Charles J. Baker, President, 13th and 14th 
wards; Decatur H. Miller, 11th and 12th wards; William Dean, 1st and 2d 
wards; Jesse Marden, 3d and 4th wards; Ass Higgins, 19th and 20th wards; 
William Swindell, 17th and 18th wards; Joseph Robb, 15th and 16th wards; 
Francis W. Alricks, 9th and 10th wards; John W. Wilson, 7th and 8th wards. 
This action was caused by the majority of the members of the Second Branch 
of the City Council in refusing to concur in an ordinance passed by the 
First Branch, appropriating $300,000 to encourage enlistments of 
volunteers. On the 23d of July, when the bounty bill was taken up, the 
crowd in the lobby evinced great interest, and the announcement of its 
rejection was received with marked disapprobation. Cries of "Put them 
out!" "Hang the traitors!" and similar expressions were indulged in; but 
order was finally restored by the interposition of Marshal Van Nostrand, 
who had been requested by the president to preserve order. The Branch soon 
afterwards adjourned, and the crowd proceeded to the pavement below to 
await the egress of the members. Mr. Charles J. Baker drove off in his 
buggy-wagon, followed by groans from the crowd. The other members remained 
in the Council chamber until a police force was procured, and each, under 
an escort of six policemen, left the hall. As Captain Asa Higgins was 
descending the stairs he was assaulted by the crowd, but the police 
protected him from severe injury. At the corner of Holliday and Saratoga 
streets the crowd made a rush for Mr. Decatur H. Miller, who was in charge 
of a squad of policemen, and he was struck several times before he could 
be rescued.

There was considerable excitement in Baltimore on the 7th of September, 
principally in the neighborhood of the newspaper offices, where large 
crowds had assembled to hear the news from Western Maryland, In reference 
to Lee s invasion of Frederick. In view of the excitement in the streets 
it was deemed advisable by the Mayor and police authorities to appoint 
four hundred special policemen. Gov. Bradford appointed Gen. John R. Kenly 
to the command of a brigade of troops to be used in the defence of the 
city.

On the 19th of December Major. General Robert C. Schenck, having been 
appointed to succeed Major-General Wool, arrived in this city.

Shortly after the battle of Gettysburg, the body of Capt. Wm.

Page 628

D. Brown, of the Chesapeake artillery (Confederate), who was slain in that 
engagement, was brought to this city and embalmed, and placed in the 
mausoleum at Greenmount Cemetery, where it remained until Friday, July 
31st, when it was removed to the cemetery chapel, where the funeral rites 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which the father of the deceased 
officer belonged, were observed; Revs. Dr. Slicer, Sargent, and Owens 
being the officiating ministers. A company of friends were present to 
witness the funeral services, and were just returning from the lot where 
the remains had been interred, when a detachment of soldiers appeared by 
order from headquarters, and took into military custody all the male 
attendants, save the officiating ministers, who escaped the attention of 
the soldiers. They were conducted to the headquarters of Brig. Gen. Tyler 
at the Gilmor House, and after a short detention, Col. Chesebrough 
appeared, and released them to appear the next day at headquarters.

1863. Major-General Schenck on the 11th of September issued an order for 
the suppression of the Baltimore Republican and the arrest of the editors, 
and in accordance with the order, the office was visited by the military 
about two o'clock in the afternoon, and the further publication of the 
paper stopped. Mr. Beale H. Richardson, editor and proprietor of the 
paper, and his son, Francis A. Richardson, and Mr. Stephen J. Joice, 
associate editors, were taken into custody and conducted to the office of 
Col. Fish, military provost-marshal, where an order was shortly received 
from Major-General Schenck directing that they be sent South by way of 
Harper's Ferry, with orders not to return under penalty of being treated 
as spies. The ground of arrest was alleged to be the publication of a 
piece of poetry entitled "The Southern Cross," which has been attributed 
to Mrs. Ellen Key Blunt. On the 29th of September the Baltimore Daily 
Gazette was also suppressed by the military authorities, and Messrs. E. F. 
Carter and W. H. Neilson, editors and proprietors, were taken into 
custody. On Tuesday, September 29th, Mr. Michael J. Kelly and John B. 
Piet, of the book publishing house of Messrs. Kelly, Hedian & Piet, were 
arrested by Government detectives upon the charge of selling a work 
entitled "Fourteen Months in the Bastiles of America," written by Francis 
Key Howard, Esq., of the Baltimore bar. Col. Win. S. Fish issued an order 
from headquarters on the 10th of November, forbidding the further 
publication of the Evening Transcript, a paper started but a few weeks 
before, under the proprietorship of Wm. H. Neilson, formerly of the 
Gazette.

On the 30th of November ex-Gov. Pratt, and Col. Nicholson, his private 
secretary, were sent South by the way of Fortress Monroe, for refusing to 
take the oath of allegiance.

On the 17th of October, the heirs of John E. Howard sold at private sale, 
to Messrs. Thomas G. Scharf, Edward Wheat, and George Scott, the "General 
Wayne Inn" and stables, for the sum

Page 629

of $30,000 cash. On the 1st of October, 1864, Mr. Scharf purchased the 
interest of Messrs. Wheat and Scott at an advance of $3,000, tasking in 
all $33,000 paid for the entire property.

The subscribers or stockholders of the "First National Bank of Baltimore," 
upon the plan proposed by Secretary Chase, and approved by Congress, held 
their first meeting in the afternoon of the 2d of December, in the 
anteroom of the Citizens' Bank, corner of Pratt and Hanover streets, and 
elected directors, &c.

Mr. Hugh Jenkins, one of the most prominent merchants of Baltimore, died 
on the 1st of December, in the 65th year of his age. He was distinguished 
for his many virtues, but more especially his noble charities, his 
devotion to the poor, the orphans, the sick and the dying--not alone 
amongst his own immediate people, but especially to his stricken 
countrymen arriving on our shores in distress.

John Christian Brune, the first president of the Maryland Sugar Refinery, 
and a gentleman of high commercial honor, winning manners and generous 
hospitality, died on the 7th of December, when upon a voyage in a steamer 
from Southampton to Havana.

1864. Mr. Charles F. Mayer, a very prominent lawyer of Baltimore, died on 
Sunday, January 3d. He was a Senator in the Legislature under the old 
constitution, and was highly respected for integrity of character. For 
nearly forty years he held a high position as a lawyer, the result of a 
clear and penetrating intellect and untiring research.

The General Assembly at the January session incorporated the following 
companies: The Safe Deposit Company of Baltimore, the Baltimore Academy of 
Music, the Franklin and Powhatan Passenger Railway Company, and the 
Baltimore, Hall's Springs and Harford Passenger Railway Company.

On Wednesday, May 18th, Mr. William H. Neilson, proprietor of the Evening 
Transcript, of this city, received an order from Gen. Wallace, commander 
of the middle department, directing that the publication of the paper 
cease at once; which, it is scarcely necessary to add, was complied with.

William Knabe, Esq., a well-known and much esteemed citizen, died on 
Saturday evening, May 21st, in the 61st year of his age. Mr. Knabe was the 
principal of the house of Win. Knabe & Co., the extensive piano-forte 
manufacturers of this city.

On the 23d of May, a man named Andrew or Isadore Laypole, (as he bore 
several aliases), having been court-martialed and condemned for being a 
Confederate spy and guerilla, was hung inside of Fort McHenry. He made a 
short speech from the gallows denying that he was a felon, then prayed 
fervently and died bravely.

Col. Fish was arrested late in the evening of the 24th of January by an 
order from the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, on the charge of 
official corruption and fraud, while acting

Page 630

as Provost-Marshal of this city. He was arrested by Col. Olcott, and was 
closely confined in Campbell's jail, near the Camden street depot. He was 
afterwards tried by court-martial, found guilty on nearly all the charges 
preferred against him, and was cashiered.

The Union National Convention assembled in this city at the Front Street 
Theatre on the morning of the 7th of June, and on the 8th finished its 
business and adjourned sine die. The nomination of Mr. Lincoln for re-
election was with but the slightest opposition, and made by acclamation 
amidst the most enthusiastic demonstrations. The nomination for the Vice 
Presidency was conferred on Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, who received the 
largest vote on the first ballot, there being several other names placed 
in nomination.

Early on the morning of the 11th of July the city was filled with rumors 
of the approach of the Confederates, but nothing definite could be 
ascertained, except the destruction of the country residence of Governor 
Bradford. The City Council passed an ordinance conscripting and placing in 
defence of the city all able-bodied male citizens from the age of sixteen 
years and upward. The Mayor, after the passage of the resolutions of the 
City Council relative to the defence of the city, waited on General Ord, 
the new commander of the military forces of this city and vicinity, to 
inform him of the proceedings of the local authorities. The General deemed 
it unnecessary to take any steps in the direction intimated by the 
resolutions, for the closing of business and calling out the citizens en 
masse. A large force of colored men, however, were actively employed in 
strengthening the fortifications in and around the city. The Governor, 
through John S. Berry, Adjutant-General, called out the city militia for 
the defence of the city. Orders were given to remove a large number of 
locomotives from the Mount Clare depot of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
and the main stem to the track on Pratt street, which was done to prevent 
them from being injured by the Confederates.

On September 27th George McDonald, alias M. M. Dunning, of the Third 
Maryland Cavalry, was shot to death by musketry in Fort McHenry for 
desertion and attempt to kill several persons.

The Right Rev. Martin J. Spaulding, of the Diocese of Louisville, was 
consecrated Archbishop of Baltimore at the Cathedral at 11 o'clock, Sunday 
morning, July 31st. The ceremonies which marked the consecration of Bishop 
Spaulding were of an imposing character, and the sermon by the Bishop was 
an elegant analysis of the Scriptures, and was listened to with great 
attention. Rev. Bishop Wood and Rev, Dr. Harra, of Philadelphia, assisted 
Bishop Spaulding in the Grand Pontifical Mass, assisted by Rev. Father 
Burlando, Rev. B. F. McManus, Rev. John Dougherty, and Rev. Father 
Leguerra, master of ceremonies.

The interesting ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the

Page 631

Concordia Opera House by the Concordia Society, was observed Monday, 
September 5th. Several addresses were made, and at night the association 
partook of a banquet at Western Hall, corner of Howard and Lexington 
streets.

The Evening Post was suppressed Sept. 30th, by order of Gen. Wallace. The 
offence consisted in the publication of articles deemed offensive to the 
loyal citizens.

The mercantile community of this city was greatly agitated on Monday 
morning, October 17th, in consequence of the wholesale arrest of several 
business firms and their clerks by the military authorities, but upon what 
charge could not be ascertained. A communication was received by Colonel 
Woolley from the War Department, directing him to arrest the firms and all 
persons employed in the following well-known houses: Hamilton Easter & 
Co., dry-goods dealers, Baltimore; Weisenfeld & Co., clothiers, corner of 
Centre Market Space and Baltimore street, also of Hanover street; Jordan & 
Rose, dry goods dealers, corner of Baltimore and Hanover streets; Isaac R. 
Coale & Bro., commission merchants, 17 and 19 Hanover street; Charles E. 
Waters & Co., hardware merchants, 15 South Charles street; A. & L. 
Freidenrich, gentlemen's furnishing articles, corner of Liberty and 
Baltimore streets; Simon Frank & Co., jobbers, corner of German and 
Hanover streets. As the work of effectually arresting all parties 
connected with the above firms would require a strong force, the Colonel 
ordered out a sufficient number of men, and with Capt. Wiegel, visited the 
different stores, took possession of the same, and placed the firms and 
their employees under arrest. The stores were immediately closed, a guard 
stationed at the doors, and the prisoners sent to Washington in a special 
train. During the day several stores in Washington, and in Philadelphia 
and New York, were seized by the military authorities and the same 
programme observed. At the store of Hamilton Easter & Co. the scene was 
exciting in the extreme. The large number of clerks were taken by surprise 
at the summons to "fall in," and in less than five minutes a large number 
of notes were handed to Colonel Woolley, with instructions that they might 
be forwarded to wives, mothers, brothers, sisters, boarding-house keepers, 
&c. Some required a change of clothing, some desired a change of linen, 
others wanted supplies of money. One individual was seized with cramp, and 
a large dose of brandy was given him. A large number of ladies were in the 
store when the soldiers entered, and when it became known that the 
establishment was under the ban of the government, the fair creatures beat 
a hasty retreat, and neglected to finish their shopping. It was estimated 
that the value of goods guarded by orders of Col. Woolley was upwards of 
eight millions of dollars.

Died on Wednesday, the 14th of October, in Washington City, D. C., in the 
eighty-eighth year of his age, Roger Brooke Taney,

Page 632

of Maryland, fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
States. A man of spotless and benevolent life, he must, alike in the 
humblest as in the highest sphere, everywhere and always, have commanded 
the sympathy, respect, and homage of all good men who knew him or felt his 
influence. To see him and to speak with him was enough to give assurance 
of this. To know him intimately was to make this assurance doubly sure. He 
served his native State as a member of the House of Delegates, as Senator, 
and as Attorney-General of Maryland. It was a notable tribute to his 
distinction as a lawyer and his worth as a private gentleman, that he was 
called by President Jackson to the office of Attorney-General of the 
United States at a time of great party strife, when a new order of things 
was about to be inaugurated, and when he was known to belong to the 
constitutional school, of which Chief-Justice Marshall was the living 
type, as his name remains the enduring monument. Under Jackson he was also 
Secretary of the Treasury. Profoundly learned in the law, and naturally 
gifted with a clear, direct, and logical mind, he nevertheless listened 
for instruction from the humblest advocate who appeared before him in any 
cause. With all the qualities of a great Judge, and with the natural 
consciousness of his superiority to ordinary men, he was ever attentive 
and respectful to those whose duty brought them before him to attempt to 
influence his determination as a Judge, and none who knew him could doubt 
that his conclusions were always the result of conscientious and 
enlightened study and reflection.

On November 1st the Evening Loyalist was suppressed by order of General 
Wallace.

1865. The gale which passed over our city on Thursday afternoon, March 
23d, was the most severe that had visited this section of the country in 
many years. From all quarters chimneys and fences were blown down, and 
trees that had withstood the blasts of years were twisted from the earth 
as if they were reeds. A large number of houses in the city were unroofed, 
and in several instances walls were blown down, entailing a heavy loss 
upon the owners of the damaged property. A portion of the hospital 
buildings on Townsend street extended was blown down, killing a colored 
boy named John Nicholson and dangerously wounding three workmen. A portion 
of the boiler-shop of Messrs. Murray & Wiegand, on York street, was also 
blown down, and a number of workmen were buried in the ruins; one of them, 
Philip Hughes, was killed.

The excitement on Monday, April 3d, consequent upon the receipt of the 
exhilarating news from the victorious army of General Grant before 
Richmond, surpassed anything of the kind ever witnessed in this city. In 
less than one hour aider the glad tidings had been bulletined at the 
different newspaper offices, thousands of men wended their steps to the 
centre of the city, and

Page 633

as the dispatches from the army were posted up, vociferous cheering was 
wafted upon the air. Merchants quitted their places of business, laborers 
threw down their instruments of toil, shopping was neglected, and the 
Union citizens rejoiced that the rebellion had at last been dealt a fatal 
blow. Towards noon it was feared that a disturbance would occur among the 
thousands who had congregated about the different newspaper offices, and 
to arrest the anticipated difficulty, squads of police officers from the 
different station houses and a strong force of soldiers were detailed for 
duty at the points named, for the preservation of order. Several 
encounters, however, occurred during the afternoon, but not of a serious 
character. At three P. M., in accordance with an order issued by Mayor 
Chapman, flags were unfurled from the engine houses, and the bells rung. 
At night the Union citizens illuminated their dwellings and places of 
business, and it was not until midnight that the exuberant feeling began 
to subside. A large stand was erected in front of the American office, 
where the thousands were addressed by several popular speakers.

On the 6th of April, in pursuance of a resolution of the Mayor and City 
Council, the city was draped in flags, the bells rung, and the cannon 
roared their congratulations of Union thunder. It was indeed the brightest 
epoch that ever befel our city for those participating in the Union cause. 
Houses streamed with bunting, guidons and battle-flags. Pennants and 
revenue colors were suspended in all directions. The city was dressed in 
red, white and blue. Baltimore street was decorated from Broadway to Carey 
street, and the display of bunting was richer and more profuse than in any 
similar demonstration ever witnessed in the city. Secessionists who had 
since the breaking out of the war refused to display the stars and 
stripes, became alarmed, and gave to the wind the bright colors. The 
streets were filled with countless thousands of people, and at night the 
city was illuminated in all directions, especially the newspaper offices, 
which were the centres of attraction.

The distinguished naval hero, Admiral Farragut, arrived in this city on 
the morning of the 11th of April, from Norfolk. He was received at the 
wharf by the Mayor, a committee of both branches of the City Council, a 
large detachment of military ordered out by Brig. Gen Morris U.S.A., and 
several hundred citizens. The line of march was taken up, and upon 
arriving at the Eutaw House, the Admiral made a few remarks and received 
the congratulations of our citizens. In the afternoon the distinguished 
guest and his friends were entertained at an elegant banquet.

With the advent of dawn on Saturday, April 15th, the centre of the city 
betokened that our citizens had heard of the awful tragedy enacted in 
Washington on Friday night. Groups of perSons could be seen at the 
newspaper offices and the principal corners, eagerly seeking after the 
latest intelligence from Washington,

Page 634

and as usual when exciting news is expected, the city was quickly filled 
with the most extravagant rumors. As the recital of the assassination of 
President Abraham Lincoln was detailed by the morning papers, friends and 
foes of the Union alike mingled their tears in one sincere lament for the 
irreparable loss which the country had sustained. The countenances of 
persons on the street wore a troubled expression, and fears were expressed 
that terrible deeds of blood would be witnessed in our city; but thanks to 
Gen. Morris and the police commissioners, no outbreak occurred. During the 
morning the Mayor issued a proclamation ordering the closing of all 
drinking saloons and places of amusement until further orders. At all of 
the departments of the government business was suspended for the day, and 
by noon there was but little business of any character being transacted in 
the city; many workshops and stores were closed, and the houses draped 
with the sombre hues of mourning. Between the hours of 11 and 12 o'clock 
the fire, church, and other bells of the city tolled forth their solemn 
clang of death, and all business was voluntarily suspended. From an access 
of joy the people were suddenly called upon to bow their heads in grief, 
and the bright scenes of a few days before were now turned into mourning. 
Those buildings that had been festooned with wreaths, garlands and the 
ensign of our country, were now solemnly draped in sable hues. The Sun, 
American, Clipper, Gazette, German Correspondent, Wecker, and Sunday 
Telegram newspapers, had their buildings draped in sombre habiliments, 
while the flags trimmed with mourning floated at half-mast from each of 
the offices. In fact, along the entire extent of West Baltimore street 
there were but few buildings which had no emblem of grief. Upon the 
receipt of the news of the murder of the President, all the military in 
and about the city were ready at a moment's notice to aid in the 
suppression of any outbreak that might be agitated. The entire police 
force was also on duty ready to assist the military; but happily the city 
assumed a remarkable quietude. The remains of the martyred President 
arrived here at half-past ten o'clock on the morning of the 21st of April, 
and were escorted by a large military and civic procession to the rotunda 
of the Exchange, where the coffin was opened, and at least ten thousand 
persons viewed the remains during the two hours allotted. In the afternoon 
the military again escorted the body to the depot, and in a few minutes 
the funeral train was wending its way to Harrisburg, Pa.

The ceremonies of laying the corner-stone of the Wildey Monument on North 
Broadway were observed on Wednesday afternoon, April 26th. The members of 
the order, without regalia, assembled at their hall on Gay street, and 
marched to the spot where the monument was to be erected, reaching the 
place at half-past three o'clock. The ceremonies were commenced by the 
Rev. Dr. McCron, G and Chaplain, who asked the Divine blessing upon the 
proposed monument. The Grand Master then delivered the oration,

Page 635

closing with an invitation to the Most Worshipful Grand Sire to officiate 
in laying the stone.

The reception of the Maryland Brigade (Federal) on the 6th of June, if not 
an imposing affair as regards numbers, was an ovation in spirit that will 
not soon be forgotten by those who witnessed and participated in it. Gov. 
Bradford welcomed home the soldiers in an eloquent speech, in front of the 
stand at the mansion, Druid Hill Park. The Maryland Brigade was under 
command of Brig. Gen. A. W. Denison, and consisted of the fourth, seventh, 
eighth, and eleventh regiments. The First Maryland regiment (Federal) was 
welcomed home on the 2d of July. This regiment turned out one of 
Maryland's best brigadier-generals (John R. Kenly) who was afterwards made 
major-general of volunteers. The Third Maryland regiment infantry arrived 
home on the 2d of August. The First Maryland Cavalry regiment arrived home 
on the 3d of July. The Fifth regiment Maryland infantry arrived home on 
the 3d of September.

1861. Although our history of Baltimore endeavors in its general plan to 
set forth facts in strict chronological sequence, we are in some instances 
obliged to deviate from this course, in order properly to illustrate 
certain remarkable scenes and occurrences. Such is the case now, in 
dealing with the unhappy civil war which for four long and anxious years 
involved our whole country in arms and had its marked effect on our 
beloved city. In this chapter therefore we endeavor, in the first place, 
to give a faithful picture of those stirring scenes of which Baltimore was 
the theatre daring the war; and, in the next place, to record impartially 
those deeds of valor done in the field, alike by Union and Confederate 
soldiers, the sons of Maryland. Without partisan bias, and only with a 
sincere desire to do justice to all, we write their history. Of the 
causes, real or presumed, which led to the memorable contest we do not 
treat; our province is simply to detail the part of Baltimore and her 
people in the remarkable events of that trying period.

In the course of our narrative we are occasionally obliged to reiterate 
facts, in order to present clear and impartial statements of events. It 
is, therefore, here necessary to repeat that on the 12th of April Fort 
Sumter was attacked by the Confederates, and on the 15th of that month the 
first decided step was taken toward offensive efforts on the part of the 
United States Government against the rebellion. On that day the 
proclamation of the President calling for 75,000 militia for three months' 
service to aid in suppressing it was issued, the quota of the State of 
Maryland being fixed at four regiments. In consequence of the unsettled 
condition of the affairs in the State, Governor Hicks did not comply with 
the provisions of the aforesaid call until the 14th of May, when he

Page 636

promulgated his proclamation calling "for four regiments of infantry or 
riflemen to serve for a period of three months, within the State of 
Maryland, or for the defence of the capital of the United States, and not 
to serve beyond the limits aforesaid." On the 2d day of May the President 
issued another proclamation calling for 42,034 volunteers to serve for a 
period of three years, and in consequence thereof the Government declined 
to accept any more troops for three months' service under the call of the 
15th of April. Consequently, the tender of the three months' men from the 
State of Maryland was not accepted, but very many of them immediately 
joined companies which were then being organized for three years' service, 
in accordance with the President's second proclamation, said companies 
subsequently constituting a part of the First regiment.

On the 6th day of May a recruiting office for three years' volunteers was 
opened at No. 112 W. Baltimore Street, by John C. McConnell. The response 
to the call for recruits was met with alacrity and enthusiasm by the 
"loyal Baltimoreans," so much so that by the 16th inst. the organization 
of four companies of the First regiment was completed, each company as it 
was filled being sent to the old National Hotel building on Camden street 
for quarters, at which place they were severally mustered into the United 
States service, and designated respectively A, B, C, and D. Meanwhile, 
recruiting for the remaining companies was being vigorously pushed forward 
at other points in the city and State, and attended everywhere by the same 
response, so that by the 27th inst. the organization of the regiment was 
fully completed, and on that date companies F, G, H, I, and K, were 
accepted and mustered into the United States service at the Relay House, 
on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, whither all the companies had 
previously been ordered to rendezvous. Company E had been previously 
mustered in on the 25th inst.

The first regular encampment was located at the Relay House, on the 
Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and was named "Camp Cooper," in honor of 
Brigadier-General James Cooper, then engaged in the raising of a brigade 
of Maryland volunteers. He was appointed the first brigadier-general from 
Maryland, and subsequently died on the 28th of May, 1863, at Columbus, 
Ohio, aged about 53 years. The regiment remained at "Camp Cooper" for a 
brief period, and then removed to Baltimore on the 6th of June, where it 
went into camp for instruction and drill, on the grounds familiarly known 
to Baltimoreans as "Camp Carroll." At this place Colonel John R. Kenly 
assumed command of the regiment, having been appointed by President 
Lincoln. On the 7th of July the regiment took its departure from 
Baltimore, for active service in the field near Downsville, Maryland, 
where they were joined on the 16th of July by Col. John R. Kenly. This 
regiment subsequently bore a gallant part in various battles. In

Page 637

the memorable action of a later period at Ball's Bluff, the First Maryland 
regiment was on the opposite side of the river, and Col. Kenly in his 
report, speaking of the affair, concludes with the remark: "I feel it to 
be a duty to say that the soldiers of the First Maryland regiment of 
infantry saved numbers of our army from destruction or capture. I am very 
proud of that night's work."

The First Maryland Confederate regiment was organized at Harper's Ferry in 
June, with the following regimental, officers: Colonel Arnold Elzey, 
Lieut.-Col. George H. Steuart, Major Bradley T. Johnson, acting Adjutant 
Frank X. Ward. The regiment numbered over seven hundred men, and in 
bravery and discipline was second to none in the Confederate army. Upon 
the evacuation of Harper's Ferry, much valuable property was saved through 
their exertions, which would have been otherwise destroyed. For their 
services upon this occasion, Gen. Joseph E. Johnson issued the following 
complimentary order:

Headquarters, Winchester, June 22d, 1861.

Special Order. The Commanding General thanks Lieut.-Col. Steuart and the 
Maryland regiment for the faithful and exact manner in which they carried 
out his orders of the 19th inst. at Harper's Ferry. He is glad to learn 
that, owing to their discipline, no private property was injured and no 
unoffending citizen disturbed. The soldierly qualities of the Maryland 
regiment will not be forgotten in the day of action.

By order of   Gen. Jos. E. Johnson.

W. M. Whiting, Inspector General.

On the 21st of July, at the first battle of Manassas, the Maryland 
Regiment had the right of the line under the command of Colonel Steuart, 
Col. Elzey commanding the brigade. The Federals held a strong position on 
a ridge difficult of ascent, and immediately in front of a dense pine-
thicket. Col. Elzey ordered a "charge." At the command, with one wild, 
deafening yell, the Confederates emerged from the woods where they were 
formed, and, amidst a perfect storm of bullets, the gallant soldiers 
rushed across a wheat field, and dashing up the acclivity with an 
impetuosity which could not be withstood, drove the enemy pell-mell from 
their strong position into the thicket in the rear With the successful g 
of Elzey upon their right flank the whole of the Federal army had given 
away, and was rushing terror-stricken in the direction of Washington. 
Whilst pursuing the enemy, Jefferson Daws, Gens. Johnston and Beauregard 
rode up to Col. Elzey, amid the joyful shouts of the men, and the former, 
with countenance Beaming with excitement and enthusiasm, seizing him by 
the hand and giving it a hearty shake, exclaimed: "General Elzey, you are 
the Blucher of the day." In answer to a letter written to General

Page 638

Beauregard for his personal observations of the Marytanders who served 
under his command, he answered as follows:

New Orleans, November 5th, 1873.

Dear Sir:--Your favor of the 18th ult. was received here during my 
absence. I had no Maryland troops, as well as I can now recollect, in my 
army of the Potomac; but at the battle of the first Manassas, the 1st 
Maryland Regiment, Elzey's Brigade, Kirby Smith's Division. Army of the 
Shenandoah, contributed greatly to the success of that battle by checking 
the flanking movement of the Federals, until Early's Brigade could get 
into position to outflank them (see my report of the Battle of Manassas.) 
The officers and men of that Maryland regiment behaved with much gallantry 
on that occasion; and afterwards, while on duty in front of Munson's Hill 
(near Alexandria) and while in winter quarters about Centreville, they 
were noted for their discipline and good behavior. Generals Elzey and 
Steuart subsequently attained high distinction as Confederate officers.

I remain yours very truly,   G. T. Beauregard.

Mr. J. Thomas Scharf, Baltimore, Md.

In answer to a letter for the same object, Mr. Jefferson Davis wrote as 
follows:

"Memphis, August 28th, 1873.

"Col. J. Thomas Scharf, Baltimore, Md.:

"Dear Sir:--Yours of the 22d inst. received, and I am glad to know that 
you are about to make a durable record of the services of the Baltimoreans 
in the great struggle for the assertion of State rights and the 
preservation of constitutional government. The world will accord to them 
peculiar credit as it has always done to those who leave their 
hearthstones to fight for principle in the land of others. I am glad that 
your old commander, so distinguished for skill and gallantry, survives to 
bear testimony to the individual merit of the members of his company. 
Wishing you long life, prosperity, and happiness,

"I remain very respectfully and truly yours,
"Jefferson Davis."

1862. Never in his previous or subsequent campaigns did "Stonewall" 
Jackson's military, genius and daring show to greater advantage than in 
the spring of 1862, in the Valley of Virginia. In less than six weeks he 
had beaten the army of Milroy, destroyed that of Banks, baffled that of 
Fremont, and annihilated that of Shields, and all with less than twelve 
thousand men; besides capturing millions of dollars' worth of stores, &c. 
From General Ewell's official report of the Valley campaign, we take the 
following highly complimentary extract: "The history of the Maryland 
regiment,

Page 639

gallantly commanded by Col. Bradley T. Johnson during the campaign of the 
Valley, would be the history of every action from rent Royal to Cross 
Keys. On the 6th (June), near Harrisonburg, the Fifty-Eighth Virginia 
Regiment was engaged with the Pennsylvania 'Bucktails,' the fighting being 
close and bloody. Colonel Johnson came up with his regiment in the hottest 
period, and by a dashing charge in flank drove the enemy off with a heavy 
loss, capturing Lieut.-Col. Kane commanding. In commemoration of this 
gallant conduct I ordered one of the captured 'Bucktails' to be appended 
as a trophy to their flag. The action is worthy of acknowledgment from a 
higher source, more particularly as they avenged the death of the gallant 
General Ashby, who fell at the same time. Four color-bearers were shot 
down in succession, but each time the colors were caught before reaching 
the ground, and were finally borne by Corporal Daniel Shanks to the close 
of the action. On the 8th instant (June), at Cross Keys, they were opposed 
to three of the enemy's regiments in succession." General Jackson also, in 
his official report of the Valley campaign, thus speaks of the First 
Maryland's participation in the battle of Harrisonburg: "Apprehending that 
the Federals would make a more serious attack, Ashby called for an 
infantry support. The brigade of General George H. Steuart was accordingly 
ordered forward. In a short time the Fifty-Eighth Virginia Regiment became 
engaged with a Pennsylvania regiment called the Bucktails, when Colonel 
Johnson of the First Maryland Regiment coming up in the hottest period of 
the fire, charged gallantly into its flank, and drove the enemy with heavy 
loss from the field, capturing Lieut.Col. Kane commanding." At Gaines' 
Mills, in the seven days' battles around Richmond, a historian of the war 
says: "Taking advantage of a rise in the ground, he (Col. Johnson) halted 
the men under its shelter, and ordered them (the 1st Maryland Confederate 
Regiment) to rest preparatory to making the desperate assault. Scarcely 
had the command been given when Captain McHenry Howard, of General Charles 
Winder's staff, galloped up with orders to remain where we were until thug 
General could overtake us with the Stonewall Brigade. 'The General has 
observed your movements, sir, and thinks the place too strong for you; we 
will, therefore, charge together.' In a few moment Jackson's favorite 
brigade was with us. At the command of General Winder we moved forward 
with irresistible impulse, and scrambling over the enemy's breastwork of 
knapsacks, we swept everything before us. g The last char e had been made 
and the last battery captured at Gaines' Mills, and the right of 
McClellan's army was seeking safety in flight." On the 17th of August, the 
First Maryland Confederate Regiment was disbanded, their term of 
enlistment having expired In the autumn of 1862, the First Maryland 
Battalion of Infantry was organized, and perfected a short time afterwards 
by the election of the following battalion officers: Lieutenant-Colonel,

Page 640

James R. Herbert; Major, W. W. Goldsborough; Acting Adjutant, Lieutenant 
George Thomas; Quartermaster, Major James Hardin; Commissary, John E. 
Howard; Surgeon, De Wilton Snowden.

Col. John R. Kenly was promoted as brigadier-general of the United States 
Volunteers August 22d, 1862, "for gallant conduct at the battle of Front 
Royal," and on the 6th of September he was ordered by Major-General 
Halleck "to organize and command a brigade of new troops." Two days 
thereafter, the 8th of September, 1862, General Kenly assumed command of 
the "Maryland Brigade," in accordance with the following orders:

"Headquarters Eighth Army Corps,
"Baltimore, Sept. 8th, 1862.

"General Orders No. 36:

"The First, Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth regiments Of Maryland 
Volunteers, now in process of formation near this city, together with 
Captain Alexander's battery Baltimore light artillery, are hereby placed 
under the command of Brigadier-General John R. Kenly, United States 
Volunteers. When the organization of the above-named regiments shall be 
completed, they will constitute a brigade, still to be commanded by 
Brigadier-General Kenly until further orders.

"By command of Major-General Wool,
"William D. Whipple, Assistant Adjt.-Gen."

1863. At the battle of Gettysburg, July 1st and 4th, the 1st Maryland 
battalion of Confederate infantry fought desperately at "Culp's Hill"; 
only two hundred reported after the battle, out of five hundred who went 
into the fight. The following account of the part taken by the 1st 
Maryland Confederate artillery in the battle of Chancellorsville appeared 
in the Richmond Dispatch: "First Maryland Artillery.--This well-known 
corps, commanded by Captain William F. Dement, formerly R. Snowden 
Andrews, defended an important position on the right of Marye's Hill on 
Sunday morning [May 3d], and did such service as to elicit the especial 
notice and commendation of Major-General Early." Lieutenant-General 
Richard S. Ewell, in his official report of operations of the Second Army 
Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, in the Confederate States, forwarded 
late in 1863 to the Confederate authorities, thus speaks of the 
Marylanders who served in his command in the summer of 1863: "At 
Winchester the Maryland battalion was attached to Gen. Stuart's brigade, 
and the Baltimore light artillery to Col. Brown's battalion, with which 
they served with their usual gallantry throughout the campaign." Col. 
Andrews, a gallant officer from Baltimore, Lieutenant-General Ewell 
mentions on several occasions in his report, but in one instance

Page 641

as follows: "Lieut.-Col. Andrews of the artillery, not fully recovered 
from his serious wound at Cedar Run, was again wounded at Winchester, and 
while suffering from his wounds appeared on the field at Hagerstown and 
reported for duty. Winchester "Lieut. Charles S. Contee's section of 
Dement's [First Maryland] battery was placed in short musket-range of the 
enemy on the 15th of June, and maintained its position till thirteen of 
the sixteen men in the two detachments were killed or wounded, when Lieut. 
John A. Morgan, of the 1st North Carolina regiment, and Lieut. R. H. 
McKim, A. D. C. to Brigadier-General George H. Stuart, volunteered and 
helped to work the guns till the surrender of the enemy. The following are 
the names of the gallant men belonging to the section: Lieut. C. S. 
Contee, A. J. Albert. Jr., John Kester, William Hill, B. W. Owens, John 
Glascock, John Harris, William Wooden, C. C. Pease, Frederick Frayer, -- 
Duvall, William Compton, John Yates, William Brown, William H. German, 
Thomas Moore, Robert B. Chew. Colonel Brown, chief of artillery, 
recommends Lieut. Contee for promotion to the captaincy of the Chesapeake 
(Maryland) artillery, vice Capt. W. D. Brown, a most gallant and valuable 
officer, killed at Gettysburg." Gen. Ewell, also in his report, expresses 
his thanks to the officers of his staff for their distinguished gallantry 
and valuable services during the campaign, and among whom, in this 
connection, he mentions Lieut. Elliott Johnson, of Baltimore. Major-
General Early, in his official report of the battles around Winchester, 
also said: "I must also commend the gallantry of Lieut.-Col. Herbert and 
Major Goldsborough, of the Maryland Line, and their troops."

1864. At the battle of Reams' Station, on the Weldon railroad, on the 19th 
of August, the second Maryland Confederate infantry again proved of what 
material it was made. A historian of the war says: "Disdaining to retreat 
without the command, when all others were seeking safety in flight they 
stood to their post to the last. Again and again were they assaulted, but 
again and again they drove their assailants back with heavy loss. At 
length in overwhelming numbers the enemy came upon them and reached the 
breastworks. But there that little band remained for a time as firm as the 
rock of Gibraltar. But the enemy crossed the breastworks, and the struggle 
was hand to hand. Desperately the bayonet was thrust, and the butts of 
muskets crashed through human skulls. But this unequal struggle could not 
be of long duration, and surrounded and overwhelmed, the survivors sought 
to fight their way out. Many succeeded, but one-third of that gallant band 
lay dead and wounded, or were prisoners in the hands of the foe." On the 
30th of September, at the battle of Pegram's farm, the second Maryland 
Confederate infantry took a conspicuous part in that desperate engagement, 
but losing fearfully in killed and wounded. Out of one hundred and forty-
nine men that went into the fight, forty-three were killed and wounded. On 
the

Page 642

next day, October 1st, they again encountered the enemy on the Squirrel 
Level road, and repulsed them after a sharp engagement, with severe loss. 
For a long while after the battle of Squirrel Level road, the Second 
Maryland remained in the trenches, or were engaged in picketing along 
their front. It had been reduced to about one hundred men, and still these 
men were compelled to do the duty of a battalion. So numerous were the 
desertions in the brigade to which they belonged that it at last became 
necessary to keep the Marylanders almost constantly on picket, for as sure 
as this duty was entrusted to other troops just so sure were they to find 
deserted posts in the morning. And still these brave men never complained 
of what was imposed upon them. Throughout that dreary fall and the long 
cold winter, nearly naked and hardly half-fed, they silently did their 
duty, whilst thousands were proving recreant to the cause. Elegant and 
refined gentlemen, who at home never knew what it was to want for a single 
comfort, were in rags and tatters, sleeping in mud and filth; and when the 
bleak winds of December pierced many a rent in their wretched garments, 
they only drew their sorry blanket the closer around their gaunt and 
shivering limbs, and cheerfully responded to the call for any duty. Was it 
a wonder, then, that after the battle of Cold Harbor General Breckenridge 
should have exclaimed, "What could not be done with a hundred thousand 
such men!" General Breckenridge, it is well known, had occupied most 
conspicuous positions in the civil service of the country before the war; 
he was an eminent member of the Democratic party, and had been Vice-
president of the United States. Having requested Major-General John C. 
Breckenridge to favor us witch his views regarding the services of the 1st 
Maryland battalion of Confederate infantry in the battle of "Cold Harbor," 
he very kindly answered as follows:

"Lexington, Ky., January 6th, 1874.

"My dear Sir:--Since September last I have, until very recently, been 
hindered by sickness from attending to my correspondence, and I offer this 
as an apology for the delay in not answering your letter of November 30th, 
1873. You desire me to tell you something of a Maryland regiment that was 
in my command toward the close of the war, with a view to use the 
information in your proposed 'History of Baltimore.' When I crossed over 
from the Shenandoah Valley in May, 1864, and joined Gen. Lee on the North 
Anna, near Hanover Junction, a battalion of Maryland infantry was sent to 
me, and it remained under my command until I returned to the Valley in the 
following month. It had seen rough service, and I think all the field 
officers were absent from disabling wounds. While with me it was commanded 
by Capt. Crane. I had occasion to observe this battalion along the North 
Anna, on the Sotopotomy, and in a series of other engagements of greater 
or less importance, ending with the battle of Cold Harbor early in

Page 643

June, and I take pleasure in saying that its conduct throughout was not 
merely creditable, but distinguished. Not being incorporated into any 
brigade, it came more frequently under my eye, and I presently fell into 
the habit of holding it in hand for occasions of special need. For an 
instance, at Cold Harbor, where a point in my line was very weak, and was 
actually broken for a time by Gen. Hancock's troops, the Maryland 
battalion and Finnegan's Florida brigade (the latter borrowed from Gen. 
Hoke for the occasion) aided decisively to restore the situation, and 
behaved with the greatest intrepidity. During their brief service with me 
I was every way favorably impressed by those Marylanders. Not in courage 
only, but also in discipline, tone, and all soldierly qualities they were 
quite equal to any troops I saw during the war. After my return to the 
Valley I did not see them any more, yet I never think of them but with 
admiration and affection. Some Maryland cavalry and artillery under the 
command of Col. (afterwards Brigadier-General) Bradley Johnson reported to 
me for a few days after my arrival at Hanover Junction. They seemed to be 
fine troops and well instructed, but I cannot speak of them more 
particularly.

"With good wishes, I am yours truly,

"John C. Breckenridge. 
"Col. J. Thomas Scharf, Baltimore, Md."
The following is what "a Virginian" says, in the Richmond Sentinel, of the 
part taken by the Marylanders in the sanguinary battle of Cold Harbor:

"Near Richmond, June 6th, 1864.

"Mr. Editor:--The public have already been informed, through the columns 
of the public journals, of the great results of the late engagements 
between the forces of General Lee and Gen. Grant But they have not yet 
learned the particulars, which are always most interesting, and in some 
instances, owing to the confusion which generally attends large battles, 
they have been misinformed on some points. It is now known by the public 
that the enemy were momentarily successful in one of their assaults on the 
lines held by Major-General Breckenridge's division, which might have 
resulted in disaster to our cause. It will be interesting to all to know 
what turned disaster into victory, and converted a triumphant column into 
a flying rabble. The successful assault of the enemy was made under cover 
of darkness, before the morning star had been hid by the light of the sun. 
They came gallantly forward in spite of a severe fire from General Echols' 
brigade, and in spite of the loss of many of their men, who fell like 
autumn leaves, until the ground was almost blue and red with their 
uniforms and their blood. They rushed in heavy mass over our breastworks. 
Our men, confused by the suddenness of the charge,

Page 644

and borne down by the rush of the enemy, retreated, and all now seemed to 
be lost. At this juncture the Second Maryland Infantry, of Col. Bradley T. 
Johnson's command, now in charge, of Captain J. P. Crane, were roused from 
their sleep. Springing to their arms they formed in a moment, and rushing 
gallantly forward, poured a deadly fire into the enemy and then charged 
bayonets. The enemy were, in turn, surprised at the suddenness and vim of 
this assault. They gave back, they became confused, and General Finnegan's 
forces coming up, they took to flight; but not until nearly a hundred men 
were stretched on the plain, from the fire of the Second Maryland 
Infantry, and many others captured. Lieutenant Charles B. Wise, of Company 
B, now took possession of the guns, which had been abandoned by our 
forces, and with the assistance of some of his own men and some of Gen. 
Finnegan's command, poured a deadly fire into the retreating column of the 
enemy. Thus was the tide of battle turned, and this disaster converted 
into a success. I am informed that the whole force of the enemy which came 
within our lines would have been captured, had it not been for the mistake 
of an officer who took the enemy for our own men and thus checked for a 
few moments the charge of the Second Maryland Infantry. I take pleasure in 
narrating these deeds of our Maryland brethren, and doubt not you will 
join in the feeling.

A Virginian."

The consolidation of the Federal army of the Potomac into three corps 
instead of five was ordered on the 23d day of March, when the Maryland 
brigade became the Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Army Corps. 
Brigadier-General John C. Robinson was assigned to the command of the 
division, and Major-General G. K. Warren to the corps. The consolidation 
of the army necessitated the removal of several valuable general officers 
to other fields of duty, among whom was General Kenly, a soldier and a 
gentleman whose departure was sincerely regretted by the troops under his 
command. General Kenly was assigned to the command of a military district 
in the Middle Department and on the eve of his departure issued a farewell 
address, expressing his heartfelt regret at the separation and the kind 
feelings which he entertained for all of his command. The following 
complimentary address was signed by all the officers of his command, and 
presented to General Kenly on the day of its date:

"Culpepper Court-House, Virginia, March 25th, 1864.

"Brigadier-General John R. Kenly:

"Sir:--The undersigned officers, commanding regiments, and others in the 
first and second brigades, comprising the third division, first army 
corps, army of the Potomac, cannot part with you, our late division 
commander, without first conveying to you the

Page 645

assurance of the friendship, regard, and respect for you as a soldier and 
a gentleman, in the full comprehension of these terms, entertained for you 
by us, and by the officers and men of our several commands. The 
experiences and intercourse of more than eight months of active service in 
the field, furnishing an unerring test of competence and character, of 
courage and capacity, unite in impressing upon us a feeling of sincere 
regret at parting with you, the desire to retain a place in your memory, 
and the cordial prayer that your life and health may be spared, and your 
labors in the new field of duty to which you are to be transferred be 
crowned with eminent usefulness and success. With the hope of again 
renewing with you, General, an acquaintance to us so agreeable and 
profitable, we bid you a sincere and affectionate adieu."

At the battle of the Weldon Railroad on the 18th of August, the Maryland 
brigade U. S. A. suffered severely. "Every member of the First Maryland's 
color-guard, including the color-bearers, received severe wounds in the 
engagement. When the first color-bearer was struck, a second, one seized 
the flag, but he too quickly fell; another and another grasped the 
standard, until seven had been shot down, when Lieutenant William Taylor 
took the banner and carried it until relieved by a newly-appointed 
bearer." The gallant Colonel Wilson, subsequently speaking of this affair, 
said: "At no time in my life could I have shed tears more freely than when 
I saw the men fall around my colors as fast as I could count one, two, and 
three."

At the battle known as "Dabney's Mill," fought on the 6th of February near 
Hatcher's Run, the Maryland Brigade U. S. A. again distinguished itself by 
that conspicuous gallantry which it had displayed on many hard-fought 
battle-fields. A correspondent of the Baltimore American, detailing the 
part taken by the Maryland brigade, says: "The brigades under command of 
Col. Bowerman advanced in column on the left, and in support of the Third 
Division, Fifth Corps, until some troops on the right became engaged with 
the enemy, when we formed in line and advanced. Our advance soon became 
engaged, when a charge was ordered, and executed with a will and loud 
cheering. The enemy could not stand the terrible and galling fire, but 
commenced a precipitate retreat, well followed up by the Maryland brigade. 
After charging for a considerable distance, we came upon his main line, 
where a general engagement ensued which lasted two hours and forty 
minutes, during which time we fired away every round of ammunition on the 
persons of the troops. The coolness and daring of the officers and men 
were universal themes of conversation and applause. The brigade was 
complimented for the stubborn resistance it offered when attacked, and its 
dashing energy when charging. Colonel Wilson was killed while gallantly 
leading his regiment. The brigade has certainly added incorruptible 
laurels to its well-established fame." A few days afterward, Gen. Meade

Page 646

in general orders granted furloughs for twenty-five days to a large number 
of enlisted men which he named, in recognition of the gallantry and good 
conduct which they displayed in this action. On the 27th of March orders 
were issued for a grand movement of the entire Army of the Potomac, which, 
at this time, embraced every available man within its geographical limits 
capable of bearing arms. The next day was devoted to preparations for the 
great event, which culminated in the capitulation of the whole Confederate 
Army of Northern Virginia, under command of Gen. Robert E. Lee, and 
virtually ended the war. The Maryland brigade participated in all the 
great battles up to the time of this great event, and none displayed more 
gallantry. The following letter was written by General Grant for the 
object mentioned therein:

"Headquarters Armies Of The United States,
"Washington, D. C., July 22d, 1865.

"To Corporal Jacob R. Tucker,
"Comp'y G., Fourth Regiment Md. Volunteer Infantry.

"Sir:--The sum of four hundred and sixty dollars was sent me by patriotic 
citizens of the North, to be given as a reward for gallantry to the 
soldier who should first raise the United States flag over Richmond. As 
Richmond was not taken by assault, I concluded that the donors' wishes 
would be best carried out by dividing the sum between the three soldiers 
most conspicuous for gallantry in the final and successful assault on 
Petersburg. Major-General Charles Griffin, commanding Fifth Army Corps, 
has selected you as entitled to this honor, in behalf of that command, and 
I herewith transmit to you the sum of one hundred and fifty-three dollars 
and thirty-three cents as one-third of the original sum. It affords me 
great pleasure to receive from your commanding general such unqualified 
testimony of your gallantry and heroism in battle, and to be the medium of 
transmitting to you this recognition of the worth of your services in 
defence of our common country.

U. S. Grant, Lieut.-General. 
"T. S. Bowers, Ass't Adjutant-General."

Extracts from a letter of Major-General G. K. Warren, dated April 24th, 
1866, to the Adjutant-General United States Army, recommending certain 
officers of the Maryland brigade for brevet appointments: "The following 
survivors, not brevetted since the close of the war, are, therefore, 
respectfully recommended as worthy of that honor: . . . Brevet Brigadier-
General A. W. Denison, United States Volunteers, commanding Maryland 
brigade, to be Major-General of Volunteers, by brevet, for gallant conduct 
in the battle of White Oak Ridge, March 31st, 1865, in which he was 
wounded. . . . In the foregoing list of recommendations for the brevet 
Major-General of volunteers is included that of General

Page 647

Denison, of the Maryland brigade. To this brigade especial honor is due, 
for they were the loyal men of a divided community. They had thus to 
sacrifice old personal associations and interests, and while doing their 
duty at the front, had repeatedly to endure the anxieties of having their 
homes invaded by the enemy. They, now that the war is over, have to 
encounter, socially, sympathizers and many active participants of the 
rebellion, and they should be strengthened in every proper way by the 
approval of the Government that they have so faithfully served. It would 
seem but just that the most liberal views attend the consideration of the 
brevets for this brigade; but their record is one that speaks for them, 
and in a way they may well be proud of. I will give a brief outline of 
their connection with the Army of the Potomac. They first joined it just 
after the battle of Gettysburg, and were joined to the First Corps. On its 
consolidation with the Fifth Corps, under me, their former commander, 
General Kenly, was transferred to another army, and Col. A. W. Denison, of 
the Eighth regiment, was left in command. The brigade was composed of the 
First, Fourth, Seventh, and Eighth regiments of Maryland volunteers, and 
they were placed in General Robinson's division. On the 8th of May their 
division commander was wounded; Colonel Denison, their brigade commander, 
was wounded; and Colonel C. E. Phelps, of the Seventh regiment, next in 
reprimand, was wounded; and Col. Bowerman, of the Fourth regiment, took 
the command, which he kept till May 19th, when the arrival of Col. 
Dushane, of the First regiment, placed him in command. Col. Dushane 
retained this command till killed in battle, August 21st, on the Weldon 
railroad. The next brigade commander was Col. Graham, of the Purnell 
Legion; whose regiment had joined on the 30th of May. On the 12th of 
October Col. Denison, having recovered, with the loss of an arm, for which 
he was brevetted brigadier-general, returned, and again took command. On 
the 6th of February, 1865, Colonel Wilson, of the First regiment, was 
killed in battle. On March 31st, 1865, General Denison was again wounded, 
and Colonel Bowerman again succeeded to the command. On April 1st, at Five 
Forks, Colonel Bowerman was wounded, and the command fell to Colonel 
Stanton, of the First regiment. This brief mention of the loss in higher 
officers gives a fair representation of the proportionate loss and 
suffering of the brigade in battle while with me. I therefore recommend, 
besides General Denison for the brevet rank of Major-General of 
volunteers, the following additional ones: Col. Charles E Phelps, Seventh 
regiment Maryland volunteers, to be brevet brigadier-general of 
volunteers, for gallant conduct in battle, May 8th, 1864, at 
Spottsylvania; Col. D. L. Stanton, First regiment Maryland volunteers, to 
be brevet brigadier-general of volunteers, for gallant conduct in battle 
of Five Forks; Major E. M. Mobley, who in much of the campaign of 1864 
commanded the Seventh

Page 648

regiment Maryland volunteers, to be colonel of volunteers, by brevet, for 
faithful and gallant service.

"Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
"G. K. Warren, former Maj.-Gen. Vols., comd'g 5th Army Corps."

Mr. J. W. Kirkley, requesting General G. K. Warren to favor him, for his 
history of the 1st Maryland regiment, U. S. V., with a statement of his 
views regarding the services of the Maryland Brigade, received the 
following complimentary reply:

"Newport, R. I., October 26th, 1871.

"To Mr. J. W. Kirkley, Washington, D. C.:

"Dear Sir:-- I have received your letter of the 21st instant, requesting 
me to prepare a statement, such as I 'may know the Maryland Brigade to be 
wealthy of,' to annex to your historical record of those troops. Since the 
war my official duties as an engineer have so occupied me that I have not 
been able to complete the official report of my command's achievements, as 
I intend to, and am always hoping to get the time to do soon. The events 
through which we passed made a lasting impression on my mind, and it would 
take a book to tell all I know of the worth of the Maryland Brigade. I am 
very glad to hear that you are making one. The frequent loss of commanding 
officers by that brigade in the campaigns of 1864-'65 brought it 
particularly to my attention, and its constancy under all the difficulties 
and hardships made me regard it with affection as well as esteem. As a 
part of the combined First and Fifth Army Corps it will always share in 
the common reputation; and this was a corps that never gave ground to the 
enemy, which marched and fought battles in every month but January from 
May, 1864, to May, 1865; which made all the extensions of the line of the 
Union army around Petersburg by contests with the enemy from the place 
where the mine was sprung in the summer of 1864 to the capture of his 
extreme right on the White Oak road, at Five Forks, on April 1, 1865, and 
which finally stretched its unflinching lines across the path of retreat 
of the Army of Virginia at Appomattox. It should hereafter be enough glory 
for any man to say, 'I bore an honorable reputation in the Maryland 
brigade.'

Yours respectfully,
"G. K. Warren."

From a letter to the author of the "Chronicles," dated the 5th of October, 
1873, we extract the following: "Those who, like the Maryland troops, went 
to the war and served faithfully to the end, need no commendation from me 
or any one else to set off against malicious aspersion. The fact of the 
service will survive when words of praise as well as of detraction shall 
all have been forgotten."

Page 649

On the 29th of September the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore presented 
"to Brevt. Major-General John R. Kenly, U. S. V., a son of Maryland, for 
distinguished services in defence of the Union, during the rebellion," a 
magnificent sword and belt. The General Assembly on the 5th of March, 
1862, resolved "That without wishing to draw any invidious distinction, 
the gratitude of the people of Maryland is eminently due to Col. John R. 
Kenly, of the First Maryland Regiment, for his early, prompt and 
distinguished services in the cause of his country."

In the retreat of the Confederate army under Gen. R. E. Lee, across 
Hatcher's run near the Boydton plank road, the Second Maryland battalion 
assisted in bringing up the rear. They were then under the command of 
Captain John W. Torsch, and the privations they endured until the army 
reached Appomattox Court-house are too well-known to repeat. On the 9th of 
April they laid down their arms in obedience to the last command they were 
ever to receive from their beloved Lee, and it was with feelings not 
easily imagined. As an organization the Second Maryland Infantry has 
ceased to exist, but it has left a heritage to its posterity and to its 
State of which they may be justly proud. They surrendered 63 officers and 
men.

We will here add, that the young men who went South did not organize 
themselves into one command, for there were batteries and companies of 
infantry and cavalry who were assigned to other commands whose States were 
accredited with their services. The books of the Confederate War 
Department contained the names of over twenty thousand Marylanders in the 
service, and still at no time could they be organized to the proportion of 
a brigade, much less a division. One great reason for this was the fact 
that they were required to officer companies, regiments, and brigades of 
troops from other States, for, as a general thing, the young men from 
Maryland were of a superior order intellectually, who were actuated by 
patriotism alone, and not driven into the service by the conscript 
officer, or influenced by mercenary motives. With the infantry already 
spoken of there was also in the Confederate service a battalion of cavalry 
which was organized at Winchester on the 25th of November 1862, with the 
following battalion officers: Major Ridgely Brown, Adjutant George W. 
Booth, Quartermaster Ignatius Dorsey, Surgeon Wilmer McKnew. This command 
fought gallantly throughout the war, the commander losing his life, and 
gave the last charge and struck the last blow for the army of Virginia. 
This battle, which closed the record of the army of Virginia, was fought 
on the 9th April, on the Lynchburg road while the articles of capitulation 
were being prepared. They did not surrender, but escaped to Lynchburg, 
where they remained about ten days, when they took up the line of march 
for General Johnson's army. They arrived at Cloverdale, Botetourt county, 
on the 28th day of April, where Colonel Dorsey, the commanding

Page 650

officer, received the following very complimentary letter from Brig. 
General Munford, commanding the cavalry division:

"Cloverdale, Botetourt County, Virginia,
"April 28th, 1865.

"Lieut.-Col. Dorsey, commanding First Maryland Cavalry:

"I have just learned from Captain Emack that your gallant band was moving 
up the Valley in response to my call. I am deeply pained to say that our 
army cannot be reached, as I have learned that it has capitulated. It is 
sad, indeed, to think that our country is all shrouded in gloom. But for 
you and your command there is the consolation of having faithfully done 
your duty. Three years ago the chivalric Brown joined my old regiment with 
twenty-three Maryland volunteers, with light hearts and full of fight. I 
soon learned to admire, respect and love them for all those qualities 
which endear soldiers to their officers. They recruited rapidly, and as 
they increased in numbers, so did their reputation and friends increase, 
and they were soon able to form a command and take a position of their 
own. Need I say when I see that position so high and almost alone among 
soldiers, that my heart swells with pride to think that a record so bright 
and glorious is in some part linked with mine? Would that I could see the 
mothers and sisters of every member of your battalion, that I might tell 
them how nobly you have represented your State and maintained our cause. 
But you will not be forgotten. The fame you have won will be guarded by 
Virginia with all the pride she feels in her own true sons, and the ties 
which have linked us together memory will preserve. You who struck the 
first blow in Baltimore, and the last in Virginia, have done all that 
could be asked of you; and had the rest of our officers and men adhered to 
our cause with the same devotion, to-day we would have been free from 
Yankee thraldom. I have ordered the brigade to return to their homes, and 
it behooves us now to separate. With my warmest wishes for your welfare, 
and a hearty God bless you, I bid you farewell.

"Thomas T. Munford,
"Brigadier-General Commanding Division."

In the cavalry service of the Confederacy, Maryland was largely 
represented in the commands of Col. Harry Gilmor, Col. Mosby, Col. McNeil 
and others. The First Maryland Artillery, composed entirely of 
Marylanders, had no superiors and few equals in the Confederate service. 
This company was organized in Richmond, in August, 1861, with the 
following officers: R. Snowden Andrews, Captain; Wm. F. Dement, 1st 
Lieutenant, and Charles F. Contee, 2d Lieutenant. There was also in the 
Confederate artillery service from Maryland, the Chesapeake Artillery 
Company, Captain Wm. Brown, and the Baltimore Light Artillery, Captain J. 
B. Brockenbrough.

Page 651

There was also Captain J. Lyle Clark's battalion of infantry. General 
Jubal A. Early, in his memoir of the last year of the war, speaking of the 
privates who were in the Confederate army, says: "I believe that the world 
has never produced a body of men superior in courage, patriotism and 
endurance to the private soldiers of the Confederate armies. I have 
repeatedly seen those soldiers submit with cheerfulness to privations and 
hardships which would appear to be almost incredible; and the wild cheers 
of our brave men when their thin lines sent back opposing hosts of Federal 
troops, staggering, reeling, and flying, have often thrilled every fibre 
in my heart. I have seen, with my own eyes, ragged, barefooted, and 
hungry, Confederate soldiers perform deeds which if performed in days of 
yore by mailed warriors in glittering armor, would have inspired the harp 
of the minstrel and the pen of the poet."

The following secret correspondence, illustrating the condition of affairs 
in Baltimore and Maryland, is published as a contribution to the materials 
of which the future history of Maryland is to be written. The endorsements 
on the backs of letters, as well as the letters themselves, are exact 
copies of the originals, which were captured during the war in Frederick, 
Md., when that place was seized by the Confederates The were written to 
Major-General Banks of the U. S. A., by the parties whose names are 
attached.

S. M. Felton introducing two witnesses against Marshal Kane:

"Philadelphia, Wilmington And Baltimore R. R. Co.,
"Philadelphia, June 27th, 1861.

"O. B. Crossman:

"Dear Sir:--I have just written Major-General N. P. Banks, of Baltimore, 
that I thought I could furnish him some positive information in reference 
to Marshal Kane. I wish you to take McClennahan with you and go and see 
Gen. Banks, and state to him what you stated to me this morning, and have 
McClennahan ready to make his affidavit if necessary. Show this to General 
Banks in order that he may know that they act at my request.

"Yours truly,   S. M. Felton."

Letter from Y. L. Gatchell, near Elkton, Md.:

"Near Elkton, Md., July 1st, 1861.

"M. Genl. N. P. Banks,
"Commanding Departmt. Annapolis

"Sir:--You will I hope excuse me for thus addressing you, my only object 
being to do Good I will first state that I was in Virginia in the wood & 
lumber Buisiness until 24th of May after getting all my men out except 4, 
one an old man 70 and head of a

Page 652

family, who kept our Bourding-house, 2 Boys 17 & 18 Pressed in the army 
and one in jail for Expressing views favourable to the Administration, I 
left for home, 5 miles above Elkton, leaving my Property mostly in Va. I 
conclude I mite aid the officers some in the way of som Information which 
I hope will be confidential unless it is absolutely Nessary. I first will 
inform you that a Regular line of travel from Baltimore to Northern Neck, 
Va., is carried on by a Certain Maj. Davis, who lives at St. Leonards, 3 
miles above leonardstown, St. Mary's Co. Md. their Dept. was McConkey & 
Parr in Baltimore, but I think it is mooved lately. A Lutenet Blakwell, of 
Va., on the Nomini River, Runs one line of the Boats, aided by Dr. Mayo, 
Massey, J. P. Marden in Va., Coleagues is old Bob Campbell, owns the 
Building No. 3 Wine St., a Mr. Wolf Failed at the Commission Buisiness, 
with Mr. Reip, Tiner on Baltimore St.   the office in the watch-cleaning 
for Dis Guise, this old Campbell was in the South all Spring. he once was 
one of the Nobility of Park Row in Baltimore. I was on his Farm in Va. in 
the wood Buisiness; he tried to get me hung for an easy way to pay debts, 
or the Dept he owed me. he is a Naturelised and a pergued Irishman, bin 
concocting scheemes with J. Mason Campbell, J. C. Brune & Co. all Winter 
for the Overthrow of the Government. a Capt. L. Slemmer, Cor. Central Av. 
& Biddle St., is an Inocent fool for a Cecessionist; throu him I got word 
of the Powder in Greenmont Semetery. a Good Careful hand to take a Glass 
of Red-Eye with him can Pump him so as to Find out where there is 1300 
Pikes, 1700 Pistles, some 20,000 Rifles sealed up in the sealing of houses 
in his Vicinity. a Number where at his house some time ago, and may be 
yet. Capt. Slemmer, with J. Whiting, Pratt st., near Boley's worf, knows 
where about 4000   Rifles are. Whiting has bin the Perchaser, as it suits 
the Hardware line of Business. A line of smugling is carried on through 
Kent County, on this Eastern Shore, with Arms and Ammunition. a J. Frasier 
and Ed. Miller, of a company of Rebles who Drill at Georgetown--Roads, in 
Kent County, is Prime Reble opperators. I probably will trouble you to 
much; you I hope will pardon me and keepe this confidential, as I have 
Barely Escaped a Rope or a Grapevine End. If you wont a Pilot for Va., I 
am on hand after a little; will go for the love I have for the Union. I 
conveyed some information through Capt. Ricketts, and would refer you to 
Wm. P. Ewing, Naval Agent, at Baltimore.

Respectfully yours in haste,
"Y. L. Gatchell."

Mrs. Bonaparte answered:

"Major-General Banks, Headquarters Department Annapolis:

"Dear General:--I enclose a few names from a source entirely reliable in 
every respect. I have been waiting to add some others

Page 653

from another direction, but as Mr. Bonaparte thinks these will answer your 
present purpose, I beg leave to submit them to you exactly as I received 
them yesterday evening.

"Yours very truly,   S. M. Bonaparte.

"Park St., Monday, July 1, 1861."

Mr. McJilton, Surveyor of Baltimore, against employment of Secessionists 
in office, and recommending arrest of Edward Walters, of Baltimore:

"Custom-House, Suryevor's Office,
"Baltimore, August 14, 1861.

"Maj.-Gen. Banks, U. S. A., Sandy Hook, Md.:

"Sir:--I deem it to be my duty to inform you that Mr. Edw. Waiters, of the 
house of Wm. T. Waiters & Co., of this city, says he has a permanent pass 
from Gen. Cameron to Virginia and back. He makes a trip nearly every week, 
via the Point of Rocks, &c. He is one of our ';unqualified' secessionists, 
and the house of which he is a member is one of the most notorious as 
advocating that faith. I learn also that Mr. Norris was in his company at 
the time of his (N.?) arrest. Mr. Walters will start for Virginia in a few 
days, and will no doubt take his old route. Would it not be well to have 
Walters searched, for he is after no good. General Cameron has been 
imposed upon, if he has given this man a permanent pass. I will see Gen. 
Dix this afternoon and state these things to him, and it may be he will 
interest himself at this end to have him (Waiters) arrested, and compel 
him to give an account of himself. There is a considerable feeling here in 
regard to these matters, especially so in reference to the employment of 
several avowed Secessionists in the different departments here. I am 
resolved, as far as I can, to have these things corrected. If the 
Government will permit its officials to employ its enemies, as I know they 
are doing here, it will take a very strong army to protect the loyal 
citizens. This is doing us immense damage. If it were otherwise, the Union 
cause would increase and strengthen daily. As it is, I regret to say, it 
is waning.

"Very respectfully your obedient servant,
"John F. McJilton."

J. Bly warns General Banks against Revs. Messrs. Krebs, Wilson, and 
Martin, Methodist preachers, &c.:

"Washington, Sept. 15, 1861.

"General Banks:

"Sir:--Three preachers of the Methodist Episcopal Church procured passes 
in Baltimore to go from that city to Winchester, Va., &c. They are all 
earnest Secessionist. Their names are J. S. Martin, Wm. Krebs, and A. W. 
Wilson. The last-named has

Page 654

gotten back to Baltimore, and is proclaiming his secession sympathies. It 
is the judgment of many good and true Union men that the other two should 
not be allowed to return to Baltimore. They have already done much 
mischief there. These passes were procured by E. Petherbridge, who knew 
their sentiments well, having co-operated with them and others during the 
last twelve months in efforts to divide the M. E. Church on the slavery 
question by Mason and Dixon's line. Strange as it may seem, this same 
Petherbridge is in the service of the Government as a recruiting officer. 
One day he procured passes for well-known and mischievous Secessionists, 
and the next recruits for the Government. The great body of the Methodist 
people of Baltimore are Union people, and it will be a service to them as 
well as the cause of the Union in that city if they are not permitted to 
return.

"Very respectfully,   J. Bly."

G. E. Morgan, of Baltimore, informs Gen. Banks of arms secreted on the 
premises of Rev. W. H. Wilson in Frederick County, Virginia:

"Baltimore, Sept. 15, 1861.

"Gen. N. P. Banks:

"Sir:--I have received tolerably reliable information of a deposit of arms 
at the mill of the Rev. W. H. Wilson in Frederick County, said to be 1100 
navy revolvers. My informer (a Rev. also) was under the impression they 
had been seized by some portion of your command. I alluded to the fact in 
the Grand Jury room (U. S. Court), and was requested by that body to apply 
to you for the truth, and if so, the necessary evidence. Any communication 
to this jury through this Marshal or myself will be promptly attended to.

Yours respectfully,

"G. E. Morgan, 66 N. Calvert St., Balto. 
"Gen. N. P. Banks, Army of the Potomac."
Gov. Seward's confidential letter. Received, September 28th; answered, 
September 29th. Orders given to Col. Kenly, Williamsport, September 29th:

"Department of State, Washington, Sept. 21, 1862.

"Major-General N. P. Banks, Darnestown, Md.:

"General:--If you can arrest Dr. Charles McGill of Hagerstown, Maryland, 
or cause him to be arrested and sent to Fort McHenry, to be thence 
conveyed to Fort Lafayette, let it be done.

"I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
"William H. Seward."

Page 655

Col. Kenly, on the arrest of Dr. Magill, answered October 3d, same day of 
its receipt:

"Headquarters, Williamsport, Sept. 30, 1861.

"Major-General N. P. Banks, Commanding Division.

"General:--Dr. Magill is now a prisoner in my camp. If one man can be 
dangerous, he is the man. I shall send him direct to Fort McHenry by 
Catain Waltemyer of my regiment. He will be there to-morrow night. Affairs 
are tolerably quiet along my lines to-day, but one of my officers at Dam 
No. 4 is a little nervous and I have strengthened his post. You have been 
kind enough to say that you would assist me if attacked by overwhelming 
numbers; do not forget the First Maryland if you be attacked.

"With the highest regard,
"John R. Kenly, Col. First Maryland Regt."

Milton Whitney of Baltimore asks General Banks for a letter to the 
Government in favor of his appointment as District Attorney. Received 
October 8th:

"Baltimore, October 8th, 1861.

"Gin. N. P. Banks:

"Dear Sir:--The Hon. H. Winter Davis, together with Mr. Hoffman, 
Collector; Mr. Purnell, Postmaster; Judge Bond and others, have united in 
recommending me to the Cabinet for District Attorney for Maryland. When 
approached in relation to this subject in the summer whilst in the 
country, I declined to have my name presented; but since my return to the 
city, in view of the treason eases pending in that court, and for other 
reasons, I have consented, and would now like the appointment. My friends 
above-named thought a letter from you would have more influence than all 
others, and I have taken the liberty of writing this letter and asking you 
the favor (if you think it consistent) of giving me a letter to the 
Cabinet favorable to my appointment. Trusting I have not assumed too much 
in addressing you upon this subject, and asking you this favor, I would 
simply say that I have occupied the position of State's Attorney for five 
years, have had that experience, and in view of being a Massachusetts man, 
and having been persecuted upon that ground, would now like to be placed 
in that position independently of the people of Baltimore.

"A letter directed to Baltimore will reach me. With great respect, your 
obedient servant,

Milton Whitney."

Relating to the arrest of the Maryland Legislature. Letter from Simon 
Cameron in relation to the Maryland Legislature:

"War Department, September 11th, 1861.

"General:--The passage of any act of secession by the Legislature of 
Maryland must be prevented. If necessary, all, or any

Page 656

part of the members must be arrested. Exercise your own judgment as to the 
time and manner, but do the work effectively.

"Very respectfully your obedient servant,

"Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 
"Major-Gen. N. P. Banks, Commanding near Darnestown, Md."
Legislative matters:

"Headquarters Army of the Potomac, "Washington, September 12th, 1861.

"Confidential--Maj.-Gen. N. P. Banks, U. S. A.:

"General:--After full consultation with the President, Secretaries of 
State, War, etc., it has been decided to effect the operation proposed for 
the 17th. Arrangements have been made to have a government steamer at 
Annapolis to receive the prisoners and carry them to their destination. 
Some four or five of the chief men in the affair are to be arrested to-
day. When they meet on the 17th, you will please have everything prepared 
to arrest the whole party, and be sure that none escape. It is understood 
that you arranged with Gen. Dix and Gov. Seward the modus operandi. It has 
been intimated to me that the meeting might take place on the 14th; please 
be prepared. I would be glad to have you advise me frequently of your 
arrangements in regard to this very important matter, If it is 
successfully carried out it will go far towards breaking the back-bone of 
the rebellion. It would probably be well to have a special train quietly 
prepared to take the prisoners to Annapolis. I leave this exceedingly 
important affair to your tact and discretion, and have but one thing to 
impress upon you--the absolute necessity of secrecy and success.

"With the highest regard, I am, my dear General, your sincere friend,
Geo. B. McClellan, Maj.-Gen. U. S. A."

Copeland's Report, Legislature, September 16.

"Frederick, September 16th, 1861.

"Maj.-Gen. Banks:

"Dear Sir:--I find that there is some probability of no quorum--this is 
particularly Gen. S's opinion, He thinks the whole thing is crushed by the 
arrest. But there is reason to believe he is mistaken. Noakes is here, and 
says there are at least twenty-five in town; that they have spread the 
rumor that there will be no quorum in order to lull attention, but that 
there will be enough to meet and adjourn to a place outside of the town. 
He saw to-night four carriages and a party of men come in one of the back 
roads, and go to a drinking-saloon, where they were loud and deep in 
threats and imprecations; they left the tavern and came into the

Page 657

town and separated, where he could not tell, as he was on foot. He has got 
no evidence of any messenger from Virginia--thinks no one is here. But 
there is one bad thing: Gen. Dix has sent his son here, and a Major, and 
the Provost Marshal of B--, and party of police to make arrests. I have 
tried to get them sent back early in the first train to-morrow, 
accompanied at least as far as Monocacy by Mr. Dix. He does not like to 
get up and go at that time. It is a mistake. Gen. S. has no particular 
information and wants to shield some personal friends--would like, for the 
future, to make it easy for some men. I think that I shall get a plan 
arranged to take a number at any rate. The arrests in B. have terrified 
them very much, and all profess obedience there, None of the members from 
the Eastern Shore have come up yet, which inclines me to wait for day 
after to-morrow. I regret your letters to Col. R. did not put the matter 
more under my especial control, as he is rather disinclined to be as 
careful and patient as is desirable, and I do not feel authorized to 
direct. If anything occurs to you send by messenger to me, care of Col. R. 
I am at the U. S. Hotel.

"In haste, very respectfully,
R. M. Copeland.

"Young Dix tells me his errand was to meet you, and give you a list of 
names of men to be arrested--nothing more. He will give me the paper to-
morrow and await orders. You will get this at six--a messenger can return 
in three hours."

Copy of letter of instructions concerning Legislature.

"Important and confidential.

"Headquarters, Camp near Darnestown, 16th Sept.

"Lt.-Col. Ruger, Commanding Third Wisconsin Reg't.
"On special service at Frederick:

"Sir:--The Legislature of Maryland is appointed to meet in special session 
to-morrow, Tuesday, September 17th. It is not impossible that the members 
or a portion of them may be deterred from meeting there, on account of 
certain arrests recently made in Baltimore. It is also quite possible that 
on the first day of meeting the attendance of members may be small. Of the 
facts as to the matter, I shall see that you are well informed as they 
transpire. It becomes necessary, that any meeting of this Legislature, at 
any place or time, shall be prevented. You will hold yourself and your 
command in readiness to arrest the members of both Houses. A list of such 
as you are to detain will be enclosed to you herewith; among them are to 
be especially included the presiding officers of the two Houses, 
secretaries, clerks, and all subordinate officers. Let the arrests be 
certain and allow no chance of failure. The arrests should be made while 
they are in session, I think. You will upon receipt of this quietly 
examine the premises. I am informed that escape will be impossible if the 
entrance to the building be held

Page 658

by you; of that you will judge upon examination. If no session is held, 
you will arrest such members as can be found in Frederick. The process of 
arrest should be to enter both Houses at the same time, announcing that 
they were arrested by orders of the Government; command them to remain, as 
they are subject to your orders. Any resistance will be forcibly 
suppressed whatever the consequences. Upon the arrests being effected, the 
members that are to be detained will be placed on board a special train 
for Annapolis, where a steamer will await them. Everything in the 
execution of these orders is confided to your secrecy, discretion and 
promptness."

Copeland's Report, Maryland Legislature, September 17th.

"Frederick, Md., September 17th, 1861.

"Dear Sir:--The arrests in Baltimore have entirely broken down and 
disorganized the secession element in the Legislature, and much less than 
a quornm have assembled. Of the members present the larger number are 
Union men, who, encouraged by our presence, are here to face the enemy. I 
have had pickets set since noon in all the roads leading to this place, 
with orders to let no one go out unless down to Frederick Junction, with a 
trusty man to see who should come up and make arrangements for them--only 
seven came. We find that there are only about six bad specimens here, but 
that there is a chance that more may arrive. We have spotted the house 
where these men board, and shall arrest them to-night. I have let the 
train go to B-- with a sergeant who will come up on the train, and will 
spot, and if needs be, arrest any man who tries to leave the train at 
Monocacy. To-day some persons left at the station below M--to drive here 
in a carriage. As yet the Legislature has not convened; when it does I 
shall have the trap sprung on them. Your letter has just arrived. I will 
attend to it as you wish. You have by this time learned of the arrests in 
Baltimore yesterday, which has alarmed all. I sent Mr. Dix and the 
policemen away on the train and went myself, as we were surrounded by a 
crowd in which were ten of the worst men. They now think we are all gone. 
I and two of the policemen returned afoot. Noakes is on the watch to find 
out where every man lives, and I do not think we can fail to get some; but 
the worst men are too wary to come here. I shall send this to you just as 
soon as I can find a messenger, and shall telegraph when the arrest is 
completed. General S. and all his friends believe that nothing can be 
effected, as those whom we shall take are the least conspicuous. I shall 
arrest the clerks of the two Houses, who are mentioned as particularly 
venomous. Nothing more occurs to me now. I will add whatever happens later.

"Truly, your obedient servant, R. Morris Copeland."

Page 659

"To Major-General N. P. Banks:

"It is now 5 P.M. We have arrested 12 of the worst men, and are 
progressing very well. We shall get the whole 18 I think, and if any come 
in on the train to-night we will bag them too. Gen. S. is invaluable. We 
have been besieged for passes--every avenue being blocked. It has taken 
three men all the time to write and inquire into the merits of the case. 
No news from Virginia; all seems quiet as far as we can learn. The House 
met to-day; was called to order by the clerk; four members present, and 
adjourned until to-morrow noon.

Respectfully,   R. M. C."

Copeland's report of arrest of members of Maryland Legislature, September 
18.

"Frederick, Md., Sept. 18, 1861.

"To Major-General Banks, Darnestown:

"Sir:--I have just telegraphed to Gen. Dix that we have seized seven 
members of the House of a very bitter character, and from officers, 
clerks, &c., who are intensely bitter, and are said to have been very 
forward, and to have kept some of the weaker men up to the work. Several 
arrests made of violent or resisting persons whom I shall let go after the 
others are gone. I shall send four men at least to Gen. Dix, at Baltimore, 
who are very bad men. I have advised Col. Ruger to send to Sharpsburg 
landing to seize 500 sacks salt which are waiting for the Southerners to 
come and take them; they have tried twice to do it. We have also heard of 
some arms, which the Colonel will look up. There is a very bitter man 
here, a Mr. Sinn, who is currently reported by General Shriver and others 
to be the medium of communication with the Southern Confederacy. The names 
of the members are B. S. Salmon, R. C. Maccubin, J. H. Gordon, C. J. 
Durant, Thomas Claggett, Andrew Kessler, and Bernard Mills. We shall get 
T. Lawrence Jones. The officers of the Legislature, J. N. Brewer, Chief 
Clerk, Senate; Thos. Moore, Reading do.; Samuel Penrose, Jr., Assistant; 
N. Kilgore, Reading do.; Milton Kidd, Chief of the House. Mr. Jones is 
taken; Edward Houser, citizen; Riley (very bad), printer to the House; 
John Hogan (very bad), citizen; Joseph Elkins, do.; Mr. Mason, Folder to 
the House. We shall leave here for headquarters this afternoon. The 
arrests were nearly all seized by the policemen.

"I am yours respectfully,
"R. Morris Copeland, Aide-de-Camp.

"Mr. Macubbin is a person whom I should recommend you to set at large if 
he takes the oath, which I have no doubt he will. He is brother-in-law to 
General Hammond, and a man much respected; also a man of rather timid 
nature, and greatly troubled by his arrest. General Shriver has been very 
active for us, and is very earnest that we should let him go on these 
terms. If you

Page 660

can do it, it will be well to telegraph to Annapolis to have the oath 
tendered and release him. I should do it under my instructions, only that 
Col. Ruger thinks he has no authority to allow any man on the list any 
liberty.

R. M. C."

This city witnessed on Sunday, the 9th of July, one of the grandest 
Catholic demonstrations since its existence; it was the laying of the 
corner-stone of St. Martin's R. C. Church, S. E. corner of Fulton and 
Fayette streets. The procession may have numbered from six to eight 
thousand persons, with ten bands of music and over forty gorgeous banners 
of the various benevolent and other associations, occupying a stretch of 
nearly two miles; it was estimated that the number of spectators on the 
spot exceeded twenty thousand. The Most Rev. Archbishop Spaulding 
conducting the ceremonies, assisted by the Pastor, Rev. John Foley, Rev. 
Edward McColgan and others.

On Monday, July 31st, a number of persons assembled at Greenmount 
Cemetery, to witness the dedication of the McDonough monument, erected by 
the authorities of Baltimore and New Orleans as a testimonial of their 
appreciation of his character and his munificent liberality for the 
promotion of a great public enterprise, the education of orphans. The 
exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. Mr. Brown, after which Mayor 
Chapman introduced John H. B. Latrobe, Esq., the orator of the day.

The Concordia Society initiated their new hall for the first time on the 
evening of the 10th of September.

Wednesday, the 20th of September, will long be remembered in the history 
of the Monumental City, especially among the fraternity of "Odd-Fellows," 
as not only being the day for the dedicatory services of the Wildey 
monument to take place, but as a grand reunion of fraternal feeling among 
the brotherhood of the entire Union, members of the fraternity from North, 
South, East and West joining hand in hand again with the same brotherly 
love that characterized their meetings in past years, the strife of the 
past four years seemingly to have been forgotten while going heart and 
hand in carrying out the mottoes of the order, "Faith, love and charity," 
"Friendship, love and truth." The preliminary arrangements being effected, 
the word "march" was sounded about half-past ten o'clock, when one of the 
grandest processions that ever passed through Baltimore began to move from 
the hall on Gay street. The whole procession being clothed with the 
brilliant paraphernalia of the order, presented a view of the most 
dazzling character, attracting all along the route of the procession 
throngs of people to crowd every available point. The entire programme was 
directed by the committee of arrangements, R. W. Grand and Corresponding 
Secretary, James. L. Ridgely; R. W. Grand Treasurer, Joshua Vansant, and 
Grand Representative, Joseph B. Escavaille.

Page 661

The merchants of Baltimore on the evening of the 22d of September gave an 
elegant banquet to the Grand Lodge of the United States at the New 
Assembly Rooms. Mr. Jno. W. Garrett, President of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad, presided on the occasion and delivered a spirited oration, which 
elicited immense applause. Major-General Hancock, Lieutenant-Governor C. 
C. Cox, Hon. E. H. Webster, Brigadier-General John S. Berry, Colonel W. H. 
Purnell delivered speeches. The applause after Gen. Hancock's speech was 
literally deafening; three cheers were offered to him, and most of those 
present left their seats to shake hands with the favorite hero.

Early in the spring an association was formed composed of thirty or forty 
colored men of this city, who purchased the building on Lexington street, 
near Davis, formerly occupied as the Newton University, for the sum of $16,
000, and organized the "Douglass Institute." the object of which is the 
intellectual advancement of the colored portion of the community. On 
Friday night, September 29th, the Institute building, which had been 
previously renovated, was formally opened for the purpose indicated above 
by the delivery of a lecture by Frederick Douglass, whose reputation as an 
orator is well known. An audience of seven or eight hundred males and 
females, among them a number of white persons, was seated in the main 
saloon of the building, which was appropriately decorated on the occasion. 
Immediately over the stand whereon the lecturer and the officers of the 
Institute were seated was a full-length portrait of the late lamented 
President Lincoln, while on either side was placed the National flag. 
After prayer by Bishop Wayman, of the African M. E. Church, Mr. Douglass 
was introduced and delivered the address. Upon its conclusion a call was 
made for Rev. Mr. Lynch, who for a half an hour spoke on subjects relating 
to the future state of the colored people. The audience then retired.

The sailing of the steamship Somerset, the pioneer ship of the Baltimore 
and Liverpool line, took place promptly at noon on Saturday, September 
30th, and was made the occasion of an impromptu demonstration, very 
pleasing and animated in character, and showing how earnest and general is 
the popular interest in this great enterprise, in the success of which the 
commercial and marine interests of Baltimore are so largely involved.

The Hon. Henry Winter Davis, for many years a distinguished representative 
of one of the Baltimore congressional districts, died on Saturday 
afternoon, the 30th of December, 1865, in the forty-ninth year of his age. 
Called from this life at an age when most men are just beginning to 
command the respect and confidence of their fellows, he has left, 
nevertheless, a fame as wide as our vast country. He was born in the city 
of Annapolis on the 16th of August, 1817. His father, Rev. Henry Lyon 
Davis, of the Protestant Episcopal church, was president of St. John's 
college at

Page 662

Annapolis, Maryland, and rector of St. Ann's parish. His mother was Jane 
Brown Winter, a woman of elegant accomplishments, and of great sweetness 
of disposition and purity of life. She had only two children, Henry Winter 
and Jane, who married Rev. Edward Lyle. The education of Henry Winter 
began very early, at home, under the care of his aunt, Elizabeth Brown 
Winter, who entertained the most rigid and exacting opinions in regard to 
the training of children, but who was withal a noble woman. He once 
playfully said, "I could read before I was four years old, though much 
against my will." He was educated at Kenyon college, in Ohio, and the 
University of Virginia. While at the University he took up the German and 
French languages and mastered them; and he perfected his scholarship in 
Latin and Greek. Until his death he read all these languages with gre