Mormon Settlement in Arizona; A Record of Peaceful Conquest of the Desert, by James H. McClintock

Published: Phoenix, Arizona, 1921

Content is history, not religion. Also includes information about surrounding states

[image: COL. JAS. H. McCLINTOCK Arizona Historian]

[image: "EL VADO," THE CROSSING OF THE FATHERS Gateway of the Pioneers Into Arizona]

SUMMARY OF SUBJECTS

CHAPTER ONE -- WILDERNESS BREAKERS
Mormon Colonization in the West; Pioneers in Agriculture; First Farmers in Many States; The Wilderness Has Been Kept Broken.

CHAPTER TWO -- THE MORMON BATTALION
Soldiers Who Sought No Strife; California Was the Goal; Organization of the Battalion; Cooke Succeeds to the Command; The March Through the Southwest; Capture of the Pueblo of Tucson; Congratulation on Its Achievement; Mapping the Way Through Arizona; Manufactures of the Arizona Indians; Cooke's Story of the March; Tyler's Record of the Expedition; Henry Standage's Personal Journal; California Towns and Soldier Experiences; Christopher Layton's Soldiering; Western Dash of the Kearny Dragoons.

CHAPTER THREE -- THE BATTALION'S MUSTER-OUT
Heading Eastward Toward "Home"; With the Pueblo Detachment; California Comments on the Battalion; Leaders of the Battalion; Passing of the Battalion Membership; A Memorial of Noble Conception; Battalion Men Who Became Arizonans.

CHAPTER FOUR -- CALIFORNIA'S MORMON PILGRIMS
The Brooklyn Party at San Francisco; Beginnings of a Great City; Brannan's Hope of Pacific Empire; Present at the Discovery of Gold; Looking Toward Southern California; Forced From the Southland; How Sirrine Saved the Gold.

CHAPTER FIVE -- THE STATE OF DESERET
A Vast Intermountain Commonwealth; Boundary Lines Established; Segregation of the Western Territories; Map of State of Deseret.

CHAPTER SIX -- EARLY ROADS AND TRAVELERS
Old Spanish Trail Through Utah; Creation of the Mormon Road; Mormon Settlement at Tubac; A Texan Settlement of the Faith.

CHAPTER SEVEN -- MISSIONARY PIONEERING
Hamblin, "Leatherstocking of the Southwest"; Aboriginal Diversions; Encounter with Federal Explorers; The Hopi and the Welsh Legend; Indians Await Their Prophets; Navajo Killing of Geo. A. Smith, Jr.; A Seeking of Baptism for Gain; The First Tour Around the Grand Canyon; A Visit to the Hava--Supai Indians; Experiences with the Redskins; Killing of Whitmore and McIntire.

CHAPTER EIGHT -- HAMBLIN AMONG THE INDIANS
Visiting the Paiutes with Powell; A Great Conference with the Navajo; An Official Record of the Council; Navajos to Keep South of the River; Tuba's Visit to the White Men; The Sacred Stone of the Hopi; In the Land of the Navajo; Hamblin's Greatest Experience; The Old Scout's Later Years.

CHAPTER NINE -- CROSSING THE MIGHTY COLORADO
Early Use of "El Vado de Los Padres"; Ferrying at the Paria Mouth; John D. Lee on the Colorado; Lee's Canyon Residence Was Brief; Crossing the Colorado on the Ice; Crossings Below the Grand Canyon; Settlements North of the Canyon; Arizona's First Telegraph Station; Arizona's Northernmost Village.

CHAPTER TEN -- ARIZONA'S PIONEER NORTHWEST
History of the Southern Nevada Point; Map of Pah-ute County; Missionaries of the Desert; Diplomatic Dealings with the Redskins; Near Approaches to Indian Warfare; Utilization of the Colorado River; Steamboats on the Shallow Stream; Establishing a River Port.

CHAPTER ELEVEN -- IN THE VIRGIN AND MUDDY VALLEYS
First Agriculture in Northern Arizona; Villages of Pioneer Days; Brigham Young Makes Inspection; Nevada Assumes Jurisdiction; The Nevada Point Abandoned; Political Organization Within Arizona; Pah-ute's Political Vicissitudes; Later Settlement in "The Point,"; Salt Mountains of the Virgin; Peaceful Frontier Communities.

CHAPTER TWELVE -- THE UNITED ORDER
Development of a Communal System; Not a General Church Movement; Mormon Cooperative Stores.

Chapter Thirteen -- SPREADING INTO NORTHERN ARIZONA
Failure of the First Expeditions; Missionary Scouts in Northeastern Arizona; Foundation of Four Settlements; Northeastern Arizona Map; Genesis of St. Joseph; Struggling with a Treacherous River; Decline and Fall of Sunset; Village Communal Organization; Hospitality Was of Generous Sort; Brigham City's Varied Industries; Brief Lives of Obed and Taylor.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN -- TRAVEL, MISSIONS AND INDUSTRIES
Passing of the Boston Party; At the Naming of Flagstaff; Southern Saints Brought Smallpox; Fort Moroni, at LeRoux Spring; Stockaded Against the Indians; Mormon Dairy and the Mount Trumbull Mill; Where Salt Was Secured; The Mission Post of Moen Copie; Indians Who Knew Whose Ox Was Gored; A Woolen Factory in the Wilds; Lot Smith and His End; Moen Copie Reverts to the Indians; Woodruff and Its Water Troubles; Holbrook Once Was Horsehead Crossing.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN -- SETTLEMENT SPREADS SOUTHWARD
Snowflake and Its Naming; Joseph Fish, Historian; Taylor, Second of the Name; Shumway's Historic Founder; Showlow Won in a Game of "Seven-Up"; Mountain Communities; Forest Dale on the Reservation; Tonto Basin's Early Settlement.

Chapter Sixteen -- LITTLE COLORADO SETTLEMENTS
Genesis of St. Johns; Land Purchased by Mormons; Wild Celebration of St. John's Day; Disputes Over Land Titles; Irrigation Difficulties and Disaster; Meager Rations at Concho; Springerville and Eagar; A Land of Beaver and Bear; Altitudinous Agriculture at Alpine; In Western New Mexico; New Mexican Locations.

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN -- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Nature and Man Both Were Difficult; Railroad Work Brought Bread; Burden of a Railroad Land Grant; Little Trouble with Indians; Church Administrative Features.

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN -- EXTENSION TOWARD MEXICO
Dan W. Jones' Great Exploring Trip; The Pratt-Stewart-Trejo Expedition; Start of the Lehi Community; Plat of Lehi; Transformation Wrought at Camp Utah; Departure of the Merrill Party; Lehi's Later Development.

CHAPTER NINETEEN -- THE PLANTING OF MESA
Transformation of a Desert Plain; Use of a Prehistoric Canal; Moving Upon the Mesa Townsite; An Irrigation Clash That Did Not Come; Mesa's Civic Administration; Foundation of Alma; Highways Into the Mountains; Hayden's Ferry, Latterly Tempe; Organization of the Maricopa Stake; A Great Temple to Rise in Mesa.

CHAPTER TWENTY -- FIRST FAMILIES OF ARIZONA
Pueblo Dwellers of Ancient Times; Map of Prehistoric Canals; Evidences of Well-Developed Culture; Northward Trend of the Ancient People; The Great Reavis Land Grant Fraud.

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE -- NEAR THE MEXICAN BORDER
Location on the San Pedro River; Malaria Overcomes a Community; On the Route of the Mormon Battalion; Chronicles of a Quiet Neighborhood; Looking Toward Homes in Mexico; Arizona's First Artesian Well; Development of a Market at Tombstone.

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO -- ON THE UPPER GILA
Ancient Dwellers and Military Travelers; Early Days Around Safford; Map of Southeastern Arizona; Mormon Location at Smithville; A Second Party Locates at Graham; Vicissitudes of Pioneering; Gila Community of the Faith; Considering the Lamanites; The Hostile Chiricahuas; Murders by Indian Raiders; Outlawry Along the Gila; A Gray Highway of Danger.

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE -- CIVIC AND CHURCH FEATURES
Troublesome River Conditions; Basic Law in a Mormon Community; Layton, Soldier and Pioneer; A New Leader on the Gila; Church Academies of Learning.

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR -- MOVEMENT INTO MEXICO
Looking Over the Land; Colonization in Chihuahua; Prosperity in an Alien Land; Abandonment of the Mountain Colonies; Sad Days for the Sonora Colonists; Congressional Inquiry; Repopulation of the Mexican Colonies.

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE -- MODERN DEVELOPMENT
Oases Have Grown in the Desert; Prosperity Has Succeeded Privation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PLACE NAMES OF THE SOUTHWEST

CHRONOLOGY

TRAGEDIES OF THE FRONTIER

INDEX [not included in WebRoots online edition]

MAP OF ARIZONA MORMON SETTLEMENT [not included in WebRoots online edition]

This publication, covering a field of southwestern interest hitherto unworked, has had material assistance from Governor Thos. E. Campbell, himself a student of Arizona history, especially concerned in matters of development. There has been hearty cooperation on the part of the Historian of the Mormon Church, in Salt Lake City, and the immense resources of his office have been offered freely and have been drawn upon often for verification of data, especially covering the earlier periods. There should be personal mention of the late A.H. Lund, Church Historian, and of his assistant, Andrew Jenson, and of Church Librarian A. Wm. Lund, who have responded cheerfully to all queries from the Author. There has been appreciated interest in the work by Heber J. Grant, President of the Church, and by many pioneers and their descendants.

The Mormon Church maintains a marvelous record of its Church history and of its membership. The latter record is considered of the largest value, carrying out the study of family genealogy that attaches so closely to the theology of the denomination. During the fall of 1919, Andrew Jenson of the Church Historian's office, started checking and correcting the official data covering Arizona and New Mexico settlements. This involved a trip that included almost every village and district of this State. Mr. Jenson was accompanied by LeRoi C. Snow, Secretary to the Arizona State Historian and a historical student whose heart and faithful effort have been in the work. Many corrections were made and many additions were secured at first hand, from pioneers of the various settlements. At least 2000 letters have had to be written by this office. The data was put into shape and carefully compiled by Mr. Snow, whose service has been of the largest value. As a result, in the office of the Arizona State Historian now is an immense quantity of typewritten matter that covers most fully the personal features of Mormon settlement and development in the Southwest. This has had careful indexing.

Accumulation of data was begun the last few months of the lifetime of Thomas E. Farish, who had been State Historian since Arizona's assumption of statehood in 1912. Upon his regretted passing, in October of 1919, the task of compilation and writing and of possible publication dropped upon the shoulders of his successor. The latter has found the task one of most interesting sort and hopes that the resultant book contains matter of value to the student of history who may specialize on the Southwest. By no means has the work been compiled with desire to make it especially acceptable to the people of whom it particularly treats--save insomuch as it shall cover truthfully their migrations and their work of development. With intention, there has been omitted reference to their religious beliefs and to the trials that, in the earlier days, attended the attempted exercise of such beliefs.

Naturally, there has had to be condensation of the mass of data collected by this office. Much of biographical interest has had to be omitted. To as large an extent as possible, there has been verification from outside sources.

Much of the material presented now is printed for the first time. This notably is true in regard to the settlement of the Muddy, the southern point of Nevada, which in early political times was a part of Arizona Territory and hence comes within this work's purview. There has been inclusion of the march of the Mormon Battalion and of the Californian, New Mexican and Mexican settlements, as affecting the major features of Arizona's agricultural settlement and as contributing to a more concrete grasp of the idea that drove the Mormon pioneers far afield from the relative comfort of their Church centers.

JAS. H. McCLINTOCK,
Arizona State Historian.

Phoenix, Arizona, May 31, 1921.

THE ILLUSTRATIONS [not included in WebRoots online edition]

"El Vado," Pioneer Gateway into Arizona
Mormon Battalion Officers
Battalion Members at Gold Discovery in California
Battalion Members who Returned to Arizona
The Mormon Battalion Monument
Old Spanish Pueblo of Tubac
Jacob Hamblin, "Apostle to the Lamanites"
The Church Presidents
Lieutenant Ives' Steamboat on the Colorado in 1858
Ammon M. Tenney, Pioneer Scout of the Southwest
Early Missionaries Among the Indians
Moen Copie, First Headquarters of Missionaries to the Moquis
Pipe Springs or Windsor Castle
Moccasin Springs on Road to the Paria
In the Kaibab Forest, near the Home of the Shivwits Indians
A Fredonia Street Scene
Walpi, One of the Hopi (Moqui) Villages
Warren M. Johnson's House at Paria Ferry
Crossing of the Colorado at the Paria Ferry
Brigham Young and Party at Mouth of Virgin in 1870
Baptism of the Tribe of Shivwits Indians
Founders of the Colorado River Ferries
Crossing the Colorado River at Scanlon's Ferry
Crossing the Little Colorado River with Ox Teams
Old Fort at Brigham City
Woodruff Dam, After One of the Frequent Washouts
First Permanent Dam at St. Joseph
Colorado Ferry and Ranch at the Mouth of the Paria (G.W. James)
Lee Cabin at Moen Avi (Photo by Dr. Geo. Wharton James)
Moen Copie Woolen Mill
Grand Falls on the Little Colorado
Old Fort Moroni with its Stockade
Fort Moroni in Later Years
Erastus Snow, Who Had Charge of Arizona Colonization
Anthony W. Ivins
Joseph W. McMurrin
Joseph Fish, an Arizona Historian
Joseph H. Richards of St. Joseph
St. Joseph Pioneers and Historian Andrew Jenson
Shumway and the Old Mill on Silver Creek
First Mormon School, Church and Bowery at St. Johns
David K. Udall and His First Residence at St. Johns
St. Johns in 1887
Stake Academy at St. Johns
Founders of Northern Arizona Settlements
Group of Pioneers
Presidents of Five Arizona Stakes
Old Academy at Snowflake
New Academy at Snowflake
The Desolate Road to the Colorado Ferry
Leaders of Unsuccessful Expeditions
First Party to Southern Arizona and Mexico
Second Party to Southern Arizona and Mexico
Original Lehi Locators
Founders of Mesa
Maricopa Stake Presidents
Maricopa Delegation at Pinetop Conference
The Arizona Temple at Mesa
Jonathan Heaton and His Fifteen Sons
Northern Arizona Pioneers
Teeples House, First in Pima
First Schoolhouse at Safford
Gila Normal College at Thatcher
Gila Valley Pioneers
Pioneer Women of the Gila Valley
Killed by Indians
Killed by Outlaws

SPECIAL MAPS

State of Deseret
Pah-ute County, Showing the Muddy Settlements
Northeastern Arizona, Showing Little Colorado Settlements
Lehi, Plan of Settlement
Ancient Canals of Salt River Valley
Southeastern Arizona
Arizona Mormon Settlement and Early Roads